A kind of from pressurising reactor core water charging system
Technical field
The invention belongs to the security system design field of nuclear power plant reactor, be specifically related to the non-actively from pressurising reactor core water charging system of a kind of small modular reactor.
Background technology
The engineered safety system of presurized water reactor, from two generation power station active system turn to gradually the passive system in three generations power station.Active security system is active system, and its operation needs power supply and pump that power is provided; The operation of passive safety system relies on the measures such as Natural Circulation or segregation drive, does not need external impetus.
Typical passive safety system, such as AP1000 nuclear power plant, comprises Heat Discharging System of Chinese, non-active safety injection system, Passive containment cooling system.Wherein non-active safety injection system is made up of high-pressure safety injection, middle pressure peace note and low pressure peace note.High-pressure safety injection is two high pressure water supply tanks that are communicated with coolant circuit, and the accident initial stage is injected reactor core by gravity by chilled water; Middle pressure peace note is the peace note case of two nitrogen preacceleration inflations, when coolant pressure is during lower than 5MPa, by nitrogen expansion pressure, chilled water is injected to reactor core; Low pressure peace note refers to be down to while approaching containment internal pressure when coolant pressure, and the chilled water in material-changing water tank injects reactor core by gravity, realizes cooling for a long time.The reactor core safety injection system of AP1000 needs Automatic Depressurization System to coordinate, and realizes default ground reactor core buck functionality rapidly, thereby before the chilled water of high-pressure safety injection and middle pressure peace note exhausts, low pressure peace note can start in time, ensures the long-lasting of Core cooling.
Small modular reactor (SMR) by steam generator, voltage stabilizer, even the equipment such as control rod drive mechanisms (CRD) is placed in pressure vessel, forms integrated reactor body construction.SMR, in security feature, has removed coolant system pipeline on the one hand, has eliminated the large-break LOCA causing due to large pipeline double; In pressure vessel, water loading amount is relatively many on the other hand, even if therefore there is cut accident, also can ensure in early stage core deluge.So the engineered safety system of small modular reactor and large-scale heap have certain difference.
The early stage IRIS reactor proposing of Westinghouse Electric, the measure of alleviating small break LOCA is as follows: the steam that accident utilizes non-active urgent heat-extraction system (EHRS) that reactor core is produced is in early days cooled to water, in reducing primary side pressure rapidly, has reduced coolant loss; In the time that cooling medium loading amount drops to a certain degree, utilize Automatic depressurize system for pressure vessel step-down; In the time that coolant pressure and small-sized safety shell internal pressure approach balance, utilize constrain water tank in containment to inject and provide long-term cooling water source for reactor core by gravity.
The SMART reactor that Korea S KAERI proposes, its engineered safety system mixes the active system of employing and passive system.In the time there is small break LOCA, Heat Discharging System of Chinese (PRHRS) is taken away part reactor core heat by Natural Circulation, and active safety injection system draws the water in material-changing water tank, for reactor core provides long-term cooling water source.
The mPower reactor of Ba Wei company exploitation, the measure of alleviating small break LOCA is similar to IRIS, has both utilized non-active emergent condensing heat exchanger to discharge reactor core decay heat, utilizes again Automatic depressurize system for pressure vessel release.Water tank in last small-sized safety shell is injected and is provided long-term cooling water source for reactor core by gravity.
The W-SMR reactor of Westinghouse Electric's recent development, its measure of alleviating small break LOCA is as follows: accident is early stage, on the one hand take decay heat out of by the other row of secondary side steam, the Core makeup tank being communicated with cooling medium on the other hand (CMT) by gravity to reactor core moisturizing.In the time that coolant pressure drops to a certain degree, Automatic depressurize system starts, and is pressure vessel release.After final pressure container internal and external pressure balance, the water tank in small-sized safety shell is injected and is provided long-term cooling water source for reactor core by gravity.
Patent (patent No.: 201210050421.6, the non-passive safety injecting systems of nuclear reactor) provides a kind of reactor core water charging system taking high-voltage safety shell and low pressure peace note as principal character.Specifically, in the time there is minor break accident, accident early stage is by other means or only rely on water loading amount in pressure vessel to ensure core deluge; In the time that refrigerant level drops to a certain degree, open Automatic Depressurization System; When after pressure vessel internal and external pressure balance, pond is injected and is provided long-term cooling water source for reactor core by gravity in containment.
More than introduce reactor core moisturizing concept or the scheme that current small modular reactor adopts of having set forth roughly.Such scheme cuts both ways, specifically:
1.IRIS, mPower and the patent (patent No.: in the moisturizing scheme 201210050421.6) proposing, really injecting chilled water to reactor core is after coolant pressure and containment internal pressure reach balance.For ensureing Core cooling, must provide other cooling way before this, general using heat interchanger is taken away cooling medium heat.
2. patent (the patent No.: require containment to bear pressure to a certain degree in the moisturizing scheme 201210050421.6) proposing, this has proposed high requirement to containment design with material.
3.W-SMR is provided with Core makeup tank CMT, to realize the accident initial stage to reactor core moisturizing.Core makeup tank, owing to being communicated with cooling medium, is therefore to hold high-tension apparatus, and occupies space in containment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is according to the security feature of small modular reactor, design a kind of from pressurising reactor core water charging system, this system can reduce the requirement to other Core cooling means, reduce the number that holds high-tension apparatus, effectively utilize space in containment, effectively alleviate small break LOCA with simple principle, small-sized equipment, lower bearing requirements.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of from pressurising reactor core water charging system, this system comprise containment and be arranged at reactor pressure vessel wherein, solenoid valve, step-down/pressurising pipeline, safety valve, from pressurising water supply tank, sprinkler, material-changing water tank, material-changing water tank non-return valve, water supply tank non-return valve, share peace note pipeline; Described material-changing water tank is communicated with containment atmosphere;
Described reactor pressure vessel headroom is connected with sprinkler by step-down/pressurising pipeline, on step-down/pressurising pipeline, is provided with solenoid valve, and sprinkler is arranged in from pressurising water supply tank bottom water, is filled with nitrogen from pressurising water supply tank top; Be provided with safety valve from pressurising water supply tank; Be arranged in material-changing water tank from pressurising water supply tank, in material-changing water tank, be filled with water; Bottom from pressurising water supply tank is connected with reactor pressure vessel bottom by sharing peace note pipeline, is provided with water supply tank non-return valve on this section of pipeline; The bottom of material-changing water tank is connected with reactor pressure vessel bottom by sharing peace note pipeline, is provided with material-changing water tank non-return valve on this section of pipeline.
Described is a closed container in normal temperature and pressure from pressurising water supply tank, and the inside major part is filled chilled water, and upper space is filled with nitrogen.
Described solenoid valve is opened when after accident occurs, in reactor pressure vessel, coolant pressure reaches setting valve, is communicated with by reactor pressure vessel with from pressurising water supply tank by step-down/pressurising pipeline.
Described in the time that pressurising water supply tank starts pressurising and inject to reactor pressure vessel, utilize water in material-changing water tank to being undertaken cooling from pressurising water supply tank by wall.
Described material-changing water tank is communicated with containment atmosphere, and in the time that in reactor pressure vessel internal pressure and containment, atmospheric pressure approaches balance, the water conservancy in material-changing water tank uses gravity pressure reduction to reactor pressure vessel water filling.
Described from pressurising water supply tank and the shared peace note pipeline of material-changing water tank.
The obtained beneficial effect of the present invention is:
One of the present invention is from pressurising reactor core water charging system, can effectively alleviate the small break LOCA of small modular reactor, high-pressure safety injection and the middle pressure safety injection system in large-scale non-active power station are removed, in accident mitigation process, do not need other Decay heat removal system means to get involved, system is simple, equipment volume is little, pressure-bearing is low, containment surge pressure is low, occupies containment space few, and there is no additionally to increase the probability that other accident occurs;
Of the present inventionly a kind ofly mainly comprise a water supply tank from pressurising from pressurising reactor core water charging system, after cut accident occurs, be communicated with reactor pressure vessel from pressurising water supply tank, in reactor pressure vessel step-down, from the pressurising of pressurising water supply tank, after both balances, utilize gravity pressure reduction to inject chilled water to reactor core from pressurising water supply tank.This reactor core water charging system has following characteristics:
(1) when system is idle, from pressurising water supply tank and pipeline thereof in normal temperature and pressure state;
(2) reactor pressure vessel and the pressure equilibrium between pressurising water supply tank are set up after accident occurs;
(3), when solenoid valve is to reactor pressure vessel release, give from the pressurising of pressurising water supply tank;
(4) from pressurising water supply tank pressure-bearing low (being less than 4MPa), volume little (being less than 10m3);
(5) be placed in material-changing water tank from pressurising water supply tank, share peace note pipeline, both reduced number of lines, also reduced the probability of peace note pipeline generation cut;
(6) do not need the high-pressure safety injection of large-scale non-active nuclear power station and the middle pressure peace note of preacceleration inflation;
(7) surge pressure that containment bears belongs to low pressure (being less than 0.5MPa).
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that one of the present invention is from pressurising reactor core water charging system structural drawing;
In figure: 1, reactor pressure vessel; 2, solenoid valve; 3, step-down/pressurising pipeline; 4, safety valve; 5, from pressurising water supply tank; 6, sprinkler; 7, material-changing water tank; 8, material-changing water tank non-return valve; 9, water supply tank non-return valve; 10, share peace note pipeline; 11, containment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, of the present invention a kind of from pressurising reactor core water charging system comprise containment 11 and be arranged at reactor pressure vessel 1 wherein, solenoid valve 2, step-down/pressurising pipeline 3, safety valve 4, from pressurising water supply tank 5, sprinkler 6, material-changing water tank 7, material-changing water tank non-return valve 8, water supply tank non-return valve 9, share peace note pipeline 10; Described material-changing water tank 7 is communicated with containment 11 atmosphere;
Described reactor pressure vessel 1 headroom is connected with sprinkler 6 by step-down/pressurising pipeline 3, on step-down/pressurising pipeline 3, is provided with solenoid valve 2, and sprinkler 6 is arranged in from pressurising water supply tank 5 bottom water, is filled with nitrogen from pressurising water supply tank 5 tops; Be provided with safety valve 4 from pressurising water supply tank 5; Be arranged in material-changing water tank 7 from pressurising water supply tank 5, in material-changing water tank 7, be filled with water; Bottom from pressurising water supply tank 5 is connected with reactor pressure vessel 1 bottom by sharing peace note pipeline 10, is provided with water supply tank non-return valve 9 on this section of pipeline; The bottom of material-changing water tank 7 is connected with reactor pressure vessel 1 bottom by sharing peace note pipeline 10, is provided with material-changing water tank non-return valve 8 on this section of pipeline;
Described is the closed containers in normal temperature and pressure from pressurising water supply tank 5, and the inside major part is filled chilled water, and upper space is filled with nitrogen.Inflated with nitrogen is the pressure surge causing in order to alleviate the shrinkage of chilled water heat expansion, ensures cooling water quality simultaneously.The object that safety valve 4 is set from pressurising water supply tank 5 is to avoid hypertonia in the process of boosting to cause the destruction to casing;
Described solenoid valve 2 is opened when after accident occurs, the interior coolant pressure of reactor pressure vessel 1 reaches setting valve, is communicated with by reactor pressure vessel 1 with from pressurising water supply tank 5 by step-down/pressurising pipeline 3.The interior cooling medium of reactor pressure vessel 1 flows out so on the one hand, realizes step-down; Enter from pressurising water supply tank 5 from the superheated vapor of reactor pressure vessel 1 on the other hand, casing is boosted;
The sprinkler 6 of described step-down/pressurising pipeline 3 ends stretches into from the hydrospace of pressurising water supply tank 5, has cushioned like this process of boosting from pressurising water supply tank 5, and buck/boost process is comparatively gently carried out;
It is described in pressurising water supply tank 5 is placed in material-changing water tank 7, save on the one hand the interior space of containment 11, on the other hand in the time starting pressurising from pressurising water supply tank 5 and inject to reactor pressure vessel 1, can utilize water in material-changing water tank 7 to being undertaken cooling from pressurising water supply tank 5 by wall;
Described material-changing water tank 7 is containers that are communicated with containment 11 atmosphere, in the time that reactor pressure vessel 1 internal pressure and the interior atmospheric pressure of containment 11 approach balance, the water conservancy in material-changing water tank 7 with gravity pressure reduction to reactor pressure vessel 1 water filling;
Describedly share one from pressurising water supply tank 5 and material-changing water tank 7 and share peace note pipeline 10, both reduced number of lines, also reduced the probability of peace note pipeline generation cut;
When after reactor generation small break LOCA, the cooling medium in reactor pressure vessel 1 spurts to containment 11 inside by cut, and the liquid level in reactor pressure vessel 1 reduces, pressure decreased, and the pressure in containment 11 raises;
When the Pressure Drop of reactor pressure vessel 1 is to a certain extent time (as 4MPa), trigger the start signal of solenoid valve 2; The unlatching of solenoid valve 2 does not rely on external power source; The cooling medium of steam state (may have operative liquid) is sprayed in the hydrospace of pressurising water supply tank 5 by sprinkler 6 by step-down/pressurising pipeline 3; The further step-down of reactor pressure vessel 1; In pressurising water supply tank 5 due to high temperature carbonated drink inject boost fast.
By reactor pressure vessel 1 internal pressure with in the time that pressurising water supply tank 5 internal pressures reach in a basic balance (as 3MPa), chilled water in pressurising water supply tank 5 utilizes gravity pressure reduction to be injected in reactor pressure vessel 1 by sharing peace note pipeline 10, for reactor core provides the chilled water of certain hour (such as 2000 seconds), ensure core deluge.
Along with cut spurts and from the proceeding of pressurising water supply tank 5 water fillings, the interior atmospheric pressure of containment 11 raises gradually.Before exhausting from pressurising water supply tank 5 chilled waters, reactor pressure vessel 1 and containment 11 are realized pressure equilibrium (such as 0.4MPa).Now, the chilled water in material-changing water tank 7 utilizes gravity pressure reduction to note pipeline 10 by peace and is injected in reactor pressure vessel 1, for reactor core provides the chilled water of long period.
Long-term cooling dependence containment 11 external refrigeration facilities and the condensation water collection facility of reactor core are realized.This part non-content of the present invention, but the general facility of reactor engineered safety system.
To sum up, in the time that cut occurs, early stage, waterflood system was failure to actuate; In the time that coolant pressure drops to a certain degree, make reactor pressure vessel 1 and be communicated with from pressurising water supply tank 5, give reactor core moisturizing from pressurising water supply tank 5; Till the moisturizing process of pressurising water supply tank 5 continues up to material-changing water tank 7 and starts water filling.