CN103927592B - A kind of optimization method of the Hydropower Unit method of operation - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the optimization method of a kind of Hydropower Unit method of operation, it comprises the following steps: collects and the efficiency test data at analysis and arrangement Hydropower Unit scene, sets up Hydropower Unit scene efficiency test Sample Storehouse；According to the Hydropower Unit field test data of limited working head H and unit output P in the Hydropower Unit scene efficiency test Sample Storehouse set up, use Shepard surface interpolation method, set up the Hydropower Unit efficiency Model under different operating head H and different unit output P；According to the Hydropower Unit efficiency Model set up, it is calculated the performance curve under current Hydropower Unit work at present time of running head H in real time, according to performance curve, finds out the maximum of unit efficiency η under any unit output P current time of running；Under different operating head H, by the sharing of load of Hydropower Unit near the maximum of unit efficiency η, complete the optimization to the Hydropower Unit method of operation.The present invention can be widely applied in the optimization to the Hydropower Unit method of operation.

Description

A kind of optimization method of the Hydropower Unit method of operation

Technical field

The present invention relates to Hydropower Unit and run control field, especially with regard to the optimization side of a kind of Hydropower Unit method of operation Method.

Background technology

For improving the operation level of Hydropower Unit, it is achieved the economical operation of hydroelectric power plant, need to carry out the prototype of Hydropower Unit Efficiency test.According to the data of field of Hydropower Unit, by manually looking into figure, it is thus achieved that Hydropower Unit under typical case's head Exert oneself, the parameter such as flow and efficiency, and calculate that to obtain the efficiency by inputoutput test of Hydropower Unit under test head special by artificial Property.Calculate the efficiency characteristic of Hydropower Unit under other head by artificial, water power under any head can be drawn all sidedly The efficiency curve of unit.Use and manually look into the efficiency song of Hydropower Unit under figure, calculating and method for drafting any head of acquisition During line, need to spend the biggest workload, and under any head obtained, the efficiency curve of Hydropower Unit exists bigger mistake Differ from and not there is adaptivity and real-time.When Hydropower Unit operating condition changes, for making Hydropower Unit to the greatest extent May run in optimum operating condition district, need to recalculate in real time and draw the efficiency curve of Hydropower Unit.

For solving the problems referred to above, use artificial neural network technology to calculate in recent years and draw the efficiency curve of Hydropower Unit, And achieve preferable effect.In prior art, many employing BP neutral nets and RBF neural calculate and draw water power The efficiency curve of unit, but there is local minimum, training time length and network structure and be difficult to determine in BP neutral net Defect, although RBF neural is it can be avoided that the defect that exists of BP neutral net, but still cannot meet hydroelectric power plant's economy Run the requirement of real-time when Hydropower Unit efficiency curve is calculated.Owing to water under different operating head can not be calculated in real time The efficiency curve of group of motors, therefore can not carry out real-time optimization to the method for operation of Hydropower Unit.

According in GB15468-2006 " hydraulic turbine fundamental technical specifications " about stable operation zone exert oneself scope regulation, The scope of exerting oneself of Francis turbine is 45%～100% of the unit maximum guaranteed capacity under corresponding head, current water power Unit carries out running in this range more extensively.If Hydropower Unit area as far as possible under different heads can be made the highest Load near efficient point, makes Hydropower Unit operate in efficient energy-saving district, will can realize the operation that becomes more meticulous of Hydropower Unit, Reduce the water loss of energy further, improve the economy of Hydropower Unit.

Summary of the invention

For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide the optimization method of a kind of Hydropower Unit method of operation, the method The Hydropower Unit performance curve under any working head can be calculated in real time, according to performance curve, in real time The method of operation of Hydropower Unit is optimized, thus realizes the economical operation of Hydropower Unit, improve the economy of hydroelectric power plant Benefit.

For achieving the above object, the present invention takes techniques below scheme: the optimization method of a kind of Hydropower Unit method of operation, It comprises the following steps: 1) set up Hydropower Unit scene efficiency test Sample Storehouse；Collect and analysis and arrangement Hydropower Unit is existing The efficiency test data of field, set up Hydropower Unit scene efficiency test Sample Storehouse, and the data in Sample Storehouse include hydroelectric machine Working head H, unit output P and unit efficiency η of group；2) on-the-spot according to the Hydropower Unit set up in step 1) The Hydropower Unit field test data of limited working head H and unit output P in efficiency test Sample Storehouse, uses Shepard surface interpolation method, sets up different operating head H based on Shepard interpolation curved surface and different unit goes out Hydropower Unit efficiency Model under power P:

${\mathrm{\η}}_s=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_i{\mathrm{\η}}_i/\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_i,$

In formula, w_iFor weight, represent i-th test sample point (H_i,P_i) to unit efficiency η_sContribution, d_i=[(H_i-H_s)²+(P_i-P_s)²]^0.5For i-th test sample point (H_i,P_i) and sample point (H to be calculated_s,P_sBetween) away from From；B is undetermined parameter, takes the constant more than 1, and b value is the biggest, near sample point (H to be calculated_s,P_s) Shepard at place Interpolation curved surface is the most smooth, away from sample point (H to be calculated_s,P_s) the Shepard interpolation curved surface at place is the most steep；3) to water The method of operation of group of motors is optimized, and it specifically includes: 1. by work at present head H under Hydropower Unit time of running Hydropower Unit efficiency mould based on Shepard interpolation curved surface is all substituted into the different unit output P under this working head H In type, it is calculated the performance curve under current Hydropower Unit work at present time of running head H in real time；2. root According to performance curve, find out the maximum of unit efficiency η under any unit output P current time of running；3. exist Under different operating head H, by the sharing of load of Hydropower Unit near the maximum of unit efficiency η, complete water power The optimization of unit operation mode.

Described step 2) in, use following steps to set up under different operating head H based on Shepard interpolation curved surface Hydropower Unit efficiency Model: 1. by n test sample (H in the efficiency test Sample Storehouse of Hydropower Unit scene_i,P_i,η_i) Middle working head H_iWith unit output P_iPoint (the H constituted_i,P_i) regard test sample point as, by unit efficiency η_iSee and be tested Sample point (H_i,P_i) response value at place, wherein, i=1,2 ..., n；Use based on test sample point (H_i,P_i) Shepard Surface interpolation method, calculates sample point (H to be calculated_s,P_s) corresponding unit efficiency η_sSo that Euclidean distance E is minimum； Euclidean distance E is:

$E=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_i{[{\mathrm{\η}}_s-{\mathrm{\η}}_i]}^2;$

2. calculate and meet the sample (H to be calculated that Euclidean distance E is minimum_s,P_s,η_sHydropower Unit working head H in)_sGo out with unit Power P_sCorresponding unit efficiency η_s, it may be assumed that it is satisfied

$\min E=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_i{[{\mathrm{\η}}_s-{\mathrm{\η}}_i]}^2,$

To Euclidean distanceDifferentiating and making it is 0, is calculated the sample to be calculated making Euclidean distance E minimum This point (H_s,P_sHydropower Unit working head H in)_sWith unit output P_sWith unit efficiency η_sBetween mapping relations, i.e. base Hydropower Unit efficiency Model in Shepard interpolation curved surface is:

${\mathrm{\η}}_s=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_i{\mathrm{\η}}_i/\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_i.$

Due to the fact that and take above technical scheme, it has the advantage that 1, due to the fact that employing Shepard Surface interpolation method, according to the sample in the efficiency test Sample Storehouse of Hydropower Unit scene, sets up based on Shepard interpolation Hydropower Unit efficiency Model under the different operating head H of curved surface and different unit output P, and according to the water power set up Unit efficiency model is calculated the performance curve under any working head H in real time, according to performance curve pair The method of operation of Hydropower Unit is optimized, and therefore the present invention is capable of the economical operation of Hydropower Unit, improves water power The economic benefit of factory.2, due to the fact that employing Shepard surface interpolation method, set up based on Shepard interpolation bent Hydropower Unit efficiency Model under the different operating head H in face and different unit output P, and Shepard surface interpolation Method is especially suitable for processing large-scale scattered data being and there is no demand solution system of linear equations, and therefore the present invention calculates any work Make that real-time during the performance curve under head H is good, computational efficiency is high and fitting effect good.Based on above advantage,

The present invention can be widely applied in the optimization to the Hydropower Unit method of operation.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention

Fig. 2 is the performance curve figure under a certain working head of Hydropower Unit

Detailed description of the invention

With embodiment, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As it is shown in figure 1, the optimization method of the Hydropower Unit method of operation of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1) Hydropower Unit scene efficiency test Sample Storehouse is set up

Collect the efficiency test data that Hydropower Unit is on-the-spot, and be analyzed arranging to it, set up Hydropower Unit scene effect Rate test sample storehouse, the data in Sample Storehouse include the working head H of Hydropower Unit, unit output P and unit efficiency η.

2) Hydropower Unit under different operating head H based on Shepard interpolation curved surface and different unit output P is set up Efficiency Model

According to limited working head H and unit in the Hydropower Unit scene efficiency test Sample Storehouse set up in step 1) Exert oneself the Hydropower Unit field test data of P, use Shepard surface interpolation method, set up working head H, machine Group is exerted oneself the mapping relations between P and unit efficiency η three, i.e. sets up different operating head H and different unit outputs Hydropower Unit efficiency Model under P, it comprises the following steps:

1. by n test sample (H in the efficiency test Sample Storehouse of Hydropower Unit scene_i,P_i,η_i) (wherein, i=1,2 ..., n) Middle working head H_iWith unit output P_iPoint (the H constituted_i,P_i) regard test sample point as, by unit efficiency η_iSee and be tested Sample point (H_i,P_i) response value at place；Use based on test sample point (H_i,P_i) Shepard surface interpolation method, meter Calculate sample point (H to be calculated_s,P_s) corresponding unit efficiency η_sSo that Euclidean distance E is minimum.Wherein, Euclidean distance E is:

$E=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_i{[{\mathrm{\η}}_s-{\mathrm{\η}}_i]}^2---\left(1\right)$

In formula, w_iFor weight, represent i-th test sample point (H_i,P_i) to unit efficiency η_sContribution, d_i=[(H_i-H_s)²+(P_i-P_s)²]^0.5For i-th test sample point (H_i,P_i) and sample point (H to be calculated_s,P_sBetween) away from From.B is undetermined parameter, typically takes the constant more than 1, and b value is the biggest, near sample point (H to be calculated_s,P_s) place Shepard interpolation curved surface the most smooth, away from sample point (H to be calculated_s,P_s) the Shepard interpolation curved surface at place is the most steep.

2. sample point (the H to be calculated making Euclidean distance E minimum is calculated_s,P_sHydropower Unit working head H in)_sAnd unit Exert oneself P_sCorresponding unit efficiency η_s, it may be assumed that

It is satisfied $\min E=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_i{[{\mathrm{\η}}_s-{\mathrm{\η}}_i]}^2---\left(2\right)$

To Euclidean distanceDifferentiating and making it is 0, it may be assumed that

$\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{{\mathrm{d\η}}_s}=\frac{d}{{\mathrm{d\η}}_s}\left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_i{[{\mathrm{\η}}_s-{\mathrm{\η}}_i]}^2\right)=0---\left(3\right)$

Formula (3) is calculated, is met the sample point (H to be calculated of formula (2)_s,P_sHydropower Unit working head H in)_s With unit output P_sWith unit efficiency η_sBetween mapping relations, i.e. based on Shepard interpolation curved surface Hydropower Unit imitate Rate model is:

${\mathrm{\η}}_s=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_i{\mathrm{\η}}_i/\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_i---\left(4\right)$

3) being optimized the method for operation of Hydropower Unit, it specifically includes:

1. by the different unit output P under work at present head H under Hydropower Unit time of running and this working head H All substitute in formula (4), be calculated the operation characteristic under current Hydropower Unit work at present time of running head H in real time Curve, i.e. P～η curve.

2. according to performance curve, the maximum of unit efficiency η under any unit output P current time of running is found out Value.

3. under different operating head H, by the sharing of load of Hydropower Unit near the maximum of unit efficiency η, complete The in pairs optimization of the Hydropower Unit method of operation, makes Hydropower Unit efficiently, run economically.

Embodiment: a diameter of 10.44m of Three Gorges Hydropower Plant Turbines runner, the nominal output of the hydraulic turbine is 710MW, The nominal output of electromotor is 840MW, and the rated speed of electromotor is 75r/min, and maximum functional head is 113m, Minimum working head is 61m, and nominal operation head is 85m.Three Gorges Hydropower Plant unit is used to rise water level scene efficiency test Data are that sample is studied, and verify having of Hydropower Unit optimizing operating mode method based on Shepard interpolation curved surface Effect property, it specifically includes:

I, on-the-spot efficiency test Sample Storehouse under Hydropower Unit different operating head and different unit output is set up.

Collect on-the-spot efficiency test data under Hydropower Unit different operating head and different unit outputs, and it is carried out point Analysis arranges, and sets up on-the-spot efficiency test Sample Storehouse under Hydropower Unit different operating head and different unit output, Sample Storehouse In data include the working head H of Hydropower Unit, unit output P and unit efficiency η.

II, Hydropower Unit efficiency Model based on Shepard interpolation curved surface is set up.

Owing to Shepard interpolation curved surface has good matching performance to scattered data being, therefore in the Hydropower Unit set up Under different operating head and different unit output, on-the-spot efficiency test Sample Storehouse chooses the work as far as possible covering Hydropower Unit Head H and 990 groups of data samples of unit output P constant interval, as the formula (4), set up based on Shepard The Hydropower Unit efficiency Model of interpolation curved surface.

III, the Hydropower Unit efficiency Model based on Shepard interpolation curved surface set up is verified.

A, use the Hydropower Unit efficiency Model based on Shepard interpolation curved surface set up, to different operating head H and Unit efficiency η under different unit output P calculates.

Choose 800 groups of data as test sample, by the Hydropower Unit working head H in test sample and unit output P substitutes into the Hydropower Unit efficiency Model based on Shepard interpolation curved surface that step II is set up, and is calculated different operating Unit efficiency η under head H and different unit output P.As shown in table 1, only provide 20 groups to use based on Shepard Unit under the Hydropower Unit efficiency Model calculated different operating head H of interpolation curved surface and different unit output P Efficiency eta.

B, employing Hydropower Unit efficiency Model based on RBF neural, to different operating head H and different units Unit efficiency η exerted oneself under P calculates.

Working head H, unit output P in the 990 groups of data samples will chosen in step II are as RBF nerve net The input of network model, using unit efficiency η as output, is trained RBF neural model, after having trained, 800 groups of data in selecting step III are as test sample, by the Hydropower Unit working head H in test sample and machine The group P that exerts oneself substitutes into the RBF neural model after training, is calculated different operating head H and different unit outputs Unit efficiency η under P.As shown in table 1,20 groups of Hydropower Unit efficiency Model using RBF neural are only given Unit efficiency η under calculated different operating head H and different unit output P.

C, Hydropower Unit efficiency Model based on Shepard interpolation curved surface and based on RBF neural will be respectively adopted Unit efficiency η under Hydropower Unit efficiency Model calculated different operating head H and different unit output P calculates Value all compares with unit efficiency measured value η.As shown in table 1, provide 20 groups of different operating head H and not simultaneously With the unit efficiency η measured value under unit output P.

Unit efficiency η value of calculation under table 1 Hydropower Unit different operating head H and different unit output P and measured value

D, Hydropower Unit efficiency Model based on Shepard interpolation curved surface and based on RBF neural will be respectively adopted The computational accuracy that 800 groups of sample datas in test sample are calculated by Hydropower Unit efficiency Model and calculating speed are entered Row compares, and comparative result is as shown in table 2.

Table 2 computational accuracy and calculating speed comparison sheet

From Table 2, it can be seen that Hydropower Unit efficiency Model based on Shepard interpolation curved surface has higher calculating Precision and calculate speed, therefore its be suitable for Hydropower Unit efficiency in line computation.

IV, the method for operation of Hydropower Unit is optimized.

The difference water power time of running it is calculated in real time by Hydropower Unit efficiency Model based on Shepard interpolation curved surface Performance curve under unit work at present head H；Current time working head H is found out according to performance curve Under the maximum of unit efficiency η；Under the working head H of the different times of running, by the sharing of load of Hydropower Unit Near the maximum of unit efficiency η, complete the optimization to the Hydropower Unit method of operation, make Hydropower Unit efficiently, warp Ji ground runs.

As in figure 2 it is shown, at the hydroelectric machine using Hydropower Unit efficiency Model based on Shepard interpolation curved surface to calculate Performance curve under group 87.10m working head can be found out unit efficiency during Hydropower Unit band 590MW load η is the highest, is 93.39%, say, that Hydropower Unit has the highest energy conversion efficiency, water energy when 590MW load Loss reduction.Hydroelectric generating set load is distributed near unit efficiency η=93.39%, it is possible to bring higher to hydroelectric power plant Benefit.

The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, and the structure of the most each parts, connected mode and method step etc. are all Can be varied from, every equivalents carried out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement, the most should not Get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. an optimization method for the Hydropower Unit method of operation, it comprises the following steps:

1) Hydropower Unit scene efficiency test Sample Storehouse is set up；

Collect and the efficiency test data at analysis and arrangement Hydropower Unit scene, set up Hydropower Unit scene efficiency test sample Storehouse, the data in Sample Storehouse include the working head H of Hydropower Unit, unit output P and unit efficiency η；

2) according to step 1) in set up Hydropower Unit scene efficiency test Sample Storehouse in limited working head H and machine Group is exerted oneself the Hydropower Unit field test data of P, uses Shepard surface interpolation method, sets up based on Shepard Hydropower Unit efficiency Model under the different operating head H of interpolation curved surface and different unit output P:

${\mathrm{\η}}_s=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{w}_i{\mathrm{\η}}_i/\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{w}_i,$

In formula, w_iFor weight, represent i-th test sample point (H_i,P_i) to unit efficiency η_sContribution, d_i=[(H_i-H_s)²+(P_i-P_s)²]^0.5For i-th test sample point (H_i,P_i) and sample point (H to be calculated_s,P_sBetween) away from From；B is undetermined parameter, takes the constant more than 1, and b value is the biggest, near sample point (H to be calculated_s,P_s) Shepard at place Interpolation curved surface is the most smooth, away from sample point (H to be calculated_s,P_s) the Shepard interpolation curved surface at place is the most steep；N is test Number of samples；

3) being optimized the method for operation of Hydropower Unit, it specifically includes:

1. by the different unit output P under work at present head H under Hydropower Unit time of running and this working head H All substitute into step 2) in Hydropower Unit efficiency Model in, be calculated current time of running Hydropower Unit in real time current Performance curve under working head H；

2. according to performance curve, the maximum of unit efficiency η under any unit output P current time of running is found out Value；

3. under different operating head H, by the sharing of load of Hydropower Unit near the maximum of unit efficiency η, complete The optimization of the Hydropower Unit method of operation in pairs.

The optimization method of a kind of Hydropower Unit method of operation the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step Rapid 2), in, following steps are used to set up the Hydropower Unit under different operating head H based on Shepard interpolation curved surface Efficiency Model:

1. by n test sample (H in the efficiency test Sample Storehouse of Hydropower Unit scene_i,P_i,η_iWorking head H in)_iAnd machine Group is exerted oneself P_iPoint (the H constituted_i,P_i) regard test sample point as, by unit efficiency η_iRegard test sample point (H as_i,P_i) place Response value, wherein, i=1,2 ..., n；Use based on test sample point (H_i,P_i) Shepard surface interpolation method, meter Calculate sample point (H to be calculated_s,P_s) corresponding unit efficiency η_sSo that Euclidean distance E is minimum；Euclidean distance E is:

$E=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{w}_i{\[{\mathrm{\η}}_s-{\mathrm{\η}}_i\]}^2;$

2. calculate and meet the sample (H to be calculated that Euclidean distance E is minimum_s,P_s,η_sHydropower Unit working head H in)_sAnd machine Group is exerted oneself P_sCorresponding unit efficiency η_s, it may be assumed that

It is satisfied

To Euclidean distanceDifferentiating and making it is 0, be calculated make Euclidean distance E minimum wait count Calculate sample point (H_s,P_sHydropower Unit working head H in)_sWith unit output P_sWith unit efficiency η_sBetween mapping relations, I.e. based on Shepard interpolation curved surface Hydropower Unit efficiency Model is:

${\mathrm{\η}}_s=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{w}_i{\mathrm{\η}}_i/\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{w}_i.$