CN103920877B - A kind of SLM manufactures metal parts and easily removes support structure designs method - Google Patents
A kind of SLM manufactures metal parts and easily removes support structure designs method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
SLM manufactures metal parts and easily removes support structure designs method and be applied to selective laser fusing SLM technology and manufacture unsettled plane, the isostructural supported design of curved surface in metal parts process, and the structural stability to ensure that this face can be shaped, more than this face and forming quality reach technical requirement.The method devises latticed thin-wall construction and supports, and devises laciniation in support and entity coupling part, and latticed thin-wall construction object is: the weight 1, reducing to support even uses powder amount; 2, meet the shaping intensity in the outstanding face of support and be easy to mechanically remove; 3, accelerate the process time of support, raise the efficiency.Zigzag object is: the coupling part intensity reducing support and entity, not because support too much affects the surface quality of forming surface after removal.Supporting construction easily realizes and generates, and easily removes in the process of post processing and drop to minimum by the surface roughness of supporting surface, is applicable to a large amount of production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention proposes a kind of support structure designs method manufacturing the easy removal of applying in metal parts process at SLM, be mainly used in the support choosing unsettled plane curved surface in fusing manufacture process, reach forming quality and technical requirement with the stability of the above structure of shaping and face ensureing face, belong to the rapid shaping field in laser advanced person manufacture.
Background technology
At present, 3D printing technique very intimately becomes the advanced development trend manufactured, and in fact it belongs to the category of rapid shaping technique, and rapid shaping technique is exactly the group technology general name of directly producing exemplar or part according to cad model fast.It is integrated with the modern scientific and technical results such as cad technique, Numeric Control Technology, laser technology and material technology, is the important component part of advanced manufacturing technology.
Rapid shaping technique forward directly manufactures the future development of metal parts, and precinct laser fusion (SLM) is the rapid shaping technique of the high densification of emerging a kind of energy straight forming, high-precision metal part.As shown in Figure 6, in the fabrication process, for the powder amount rising certain altitude of the platform in powder storehouse 20 by the thickness of setting, scraper clamp 15 horizontal movement drives scraper 21 to be laid on equably by metal dust on the substrate in shaping storehouse 19 to its cardinal principle schematic diagram; Laser melts needing the region of fusing to carry out scanning under galvanometer 14 controls; Then, substrate declines a thickness, and repeat the processing of lower floor, and so forth, metal parts 17 is processed from level to level to be completed, and receives powder storehouse 18 and can reclaim the powder do not utilized.
Relative to the RP technique of other conventional formed metalwork current, selective laser melting process overcomes the shortcoming that other sintering technologies can not adopt pure metal powder, shaping compactness and poor mechanical property, aftertreatment technology complexity, the rapid Design of prototype and the automatic quick manufacture manufacturing the instrument that ensure that.Without the need to numerical control milling, without the need to spark machined, without the need to any special tooling and instrument, directly according to prototype by the instrument of complexity and mould cavity manufacture out, in general, adopt precinct laser fusion RP technique, the manufacturing time of mould and cost are 1/3 of traditional teach skill art.The material adopted can expand to multiple simple metal or alloy material (as stainless steel, tool steel, ferroalloy etc.) profiled member relative density close to or reach 100%, the metalwork that overall mechanics Performance Ratio adopts casting method to make is more excellent, as shown in Figure 7, the aluminium alloy exemplar adopting SLM to manufacture has higher tensile strength and yield strength, and overall performance is higher than the exemplar adopting conventional method to manufacture.And dimensional accuracy and surface roughness good, only need or unit need simple post processing (as sandblasting, polishing etc.) can directly drop into actual use.
The development of new technology has many bottlenecks, because selective laser fusing (SLM) technology has merged the modern advanced such as cad technique, Numeric Control Technology, laser technology and material technology, it is the multidisciplinary product crossed, it is also many-sided for solving forming technology problem, mainly concentrate on the preparation of material, the optimization of technique, shaping post processing and the control etc. of precision.
Laser chooses the optimization mainly optimization of machined parameters and the optimization of molding structure of the moulding process of fusing.Mainly both ensured that entity part density was close to 100% at machining parameters optimization, the least possible appearance hole, surface roughness is little as far as possible, can not occur that burning causes molten knurl generation etc. again.The optimization of molding structure is mainly reflected in shaping quality and the guarantee etc. of accuracy to size, should ensure that structural design is suitable for SLM, again for the structural design optimization etc. of the assistant formation of some design of part.
Although can the metal parts of shaping any complicated shape in SLM know-why, but can not ideally shaping all geometric properties, comprise thin plate, wedge angle, particularly pendency face structure etc., pendency face structure makes the local shape precision of SLM forming part, dimensional accuracy can not reach requirement, workpiece is caused to be scrapped time serious, or forming process failure.For the processing in pendency face, mainly ensure that forming process is stablized by adding a large amount of metallic support at present, then removing supports and surface finish method ensures forming surface.Also be after the shaping end of SLM under having small part situation, obtain pendency face by machining mode.But when workpiece is meticulous and complicated or pendency face at inside parts time, add support or follow-up machined all no longer suitable.So, can try one's best when molding structure designs under not adding support situation and complete shaping smoothly for pendency face, or avoid in the design phase or reduce pendency face as far as possible, but, just need when some pendency face structurally not being changed by design and must exist to design to add to support to ensure shaping quality and stability.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram after the layering of arbitrary surface part.Wherein, it is shaping that a ~ b section and c ~ d section will run into overhung structure in SLM forming process, the overhanging portion not having self-sustained can be formed when hierarchy slicing, length S=H × ctg the θ of overhanging portion between layers, wherein H is slice thickness, and tiltangleθ is angle formed by slicing layer profile and horizontal plane.In SLM is shaping, S value more easily causes pendle and buckling deformation more greatly, to shaping very unfavorable.S value size and thickness h and tiltangleθ closely related, h value is larger, or θ is less, and S will be made to increase.The technique thickness that current SLM uses generally is determined by the powder diameter of material, and the Layer thickness of optimization is 20 ~ 50 μm.So S value size is main relevant to tiltangleθ.A ~ b section tiltangleθ 1 is obviously greater than c ~ d section tiltangleθ 2, so c ~ d section is shaping more easily defect occurs.In SLM forming process, there is an extreme tilt angles degree.So-called extreme tilt angles degree, when namely inclination angle is less than a certain value, overhung structure produces subsides, and affects Continuous maching.Can show that extreme tilt angles degree is 40 to 45 degree by great many of experiments, part surface and horizontal plane angle are greater than self can supporting oneself and not need supplemental support of this angle of inclination, and the support that must add being less than this angle prevents pendle and buckling deformation two kinds of defects occur.
As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 for SLM adds the typical circular hole formula overhung structure and square hole type overhung structure schematic diagram run into man-hour.In Fig. 8, (h1+h2) region belongs to stable forming area, self can be used as the support of self and be shaped good, and h3 region needs when diameter is shaping more than the circular hole of 6mm below this region, to add supplemental support to ensure the shaping of face.The key of SLM shaping circular hole formula overhung structure is the position boundary how judging h2 and h3, and Main Basis is the critical profile angle discussed in tangential angle α and the Fig. 7 at boundary place is consistent.All need to add support 31 belows during square hole type overhung structure in Fig. 9.
The interpolation supported and support are added rear ease of removal and are determined the surface quality of forming surface and the simplification of following process, can ensure again to remove simultaneously and support and can not have an impact to the structure of profiled member, add supporting construction and easily remove design so melt this in selective laser and the lifting of SLM technique and range of application are expanded have a very big significance.
Summary of the invention
In the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of supported design method of easy removal to be applied to data handling procedure that deposite metal, selective laser part manufactures, support can be removed easily after part is taken out thus surface quality impact drops to minimum.
A kind of SLM manufactures metal parts and easily removes support structure designs method, it is characterized in that: the supporting construction of design comprises: the sawtooth syndeton on protection support lattice thin-wall construction and protection support lattice thin-walled edge, forms the network structure that multiple through hole is connected; Size of mesh opening in protection support lattice thin-wall construction regulates according to desirable strength, comprises X-direction length and Y-direction length; The direction of thin-walled and Y-direction a at an angle, angle a are 30-45 degree in addition; The thickness of thin-walled is 0.1-0.3mm; Supporting in sawtooth syndeton is that some puts in entity.
Further, sawtooth is divided into top and bottom two parts, and top and bottom two parts are respectively the trapezoidal of two totally one bases, and all less than described two trapezoidal bases at this base width.
To achieve these goals, the present invention devises latticed thin-wall construction and supports, and be designed to laciniation in support and entity coupling part, as far as possible latticed thin-wall construction formula one uses powder amount in order to what reduce to support, two is support the shaping intensity in outstanding face to allow it only meet and be easy to mechanically remove, also accelerate the process time of support simultaneously, raise the efficiency.Laciniation is to allow the coupling part intensity of support and entity reduce as far as possible, not because support too much affects the surface quality of forming surface after removal.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the supporting construction designed by the present invention can be easy to realize and generate in process engineering, and can be easy to remove and the surface roughness of supporting surface is dropped to minimum in the process of post processing, method simple practical, lower-cost feature, be applicable to a large amount of production, there is very large economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 SLM of the present invention manufactures metal parts and easily removes supports outer structural representation;
Fig. 2 SLM of the present invention manufactures metal parts and easily removes support internal structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 SLM of the present invention manufactures metal parts and easily removes protection support lattice thin-wall construction schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 SLM of the present invention manufactures metal parts and easily removes support Sawtooth connection portion structural representation;
Fig. 5 SLM of the present invention manufactures metal parts and easily removes support Sawtooth connection partial structurtes schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 SLM of the present invention manufactures metal parts moulding technique principle schematic;
Fig. 7 SLM of the present invention manufactures aluminum alloy part tensile mechanical properties comparison diagram;
Fig. 8 SLM of the present invention manufactures metal parts pendency face hierarchy schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 SLM of the present invention manufactures metal parts circular hole pendency face structural representation;
Figure 10 SLM of the present invention manufactures metal parts square hole pendency face structural representation.
In figure: 1, material object parts, 2, supporting construction, 3, laser-melted regions, 4, protection support lattice thin-wall construction, 5, sawtooth syndeton, 6, material object parts local, 7, supporting construction local, 8, breakpoint line length, 9, put in physical length, 10, tooth crest width, 11, tooth bottom width, 12, tooth crest height, 13, tooth bottom level, 14, laser system, 15, scrape powder system, 16, metal powder, 17, forming part, 18, receive powder storehouse, 19, forming bin, 20, for powder storehouse, 21, scraper, 22, tensile strength, 23, yield strength, 24, percentage elongation, 25, tensile strength and yield strength scale, 26, percentage elongation scale, 27, SLM manufactures exemplar, 28, casting exemplar, 29, exemplar is cast after timeliness, 30, need the arc surface supported, 31, need the plane supported.
Detailed description of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The present embodiment structural representation is as Fig. 1, there is for one the example in pendency face like this, major part entity 1 has two boss, and size reaches the magnitude of tens millimeters, must add the Forming Quality and dimensional accuracy etc. of assistant formation structure guarantee boss in this magnitude.So just need to hang at boss, to do necessary support below face shaping to ensure, as in figure, 2 parts are exactly supporting construction, taken out by part after SLM process terminates, then such support removed and just can obtain boss and the face of pendency structure.
In order to increase the ease of removal of support, have also been devised the internal structure of support, as shown in Figure 2,1 is material object parts, and 3 is one of them face to be processed of entity, is that laser action melts the face of then solidifying, 4 is exactly support internal structure, internal structure design is become grid thin-wall construction, that so both can reduce support uses powder amount, and the intensity that can reduce again to support increases ease of removal.As shown in Figure 3, the size of grid can regulate according to desirable strength, and as X-direction length, Y-direction length, increases length, and grid becomes large, and ease of removal increases, but intensity reduces, and the situation according to actual parts is determined.The direction of thin-walled and Y-direction a at an angle in addition, this angle is also adjustable, and scope is 30 degree to 45 degree.Avoiding thin-walled to have like this, a direction and part are parallel on one side makes the thin-walled power skewness in all directions cause cob webbing.The thickness adjustable extent of thin-walled is 0.1 ~ 0.3, regulates the intensity of the thickness adjustable support of thin-walled, makes the removal of support more flexible.
As shown in Figure 4, 5 Sawtooth connection structural formulas reduce further to support the area be connected with entity on grid thin-wall construction basis, the further ease of removal increasing support, under the effect of sawtooth, the ground floor face of hanging can be shaped and ensure do not wiped off by scraper and affect the shaping of lower one deck, show supporting construction and part junction partial enlarged drawing in Figure 5, 6 is material object parts, 7 is supporting construction, support is that some puts in entity, this puts in physical length for shown in 9, can arrange numerical value to change support and entity bond strength in the vertical, the conventional scope that arranges is 0.05 ~ 0.3, .Sawtooth is divided into top and bottom two parts, top width 10 and bottom width 11 are all adjustable parameters, commonly using and arranging scope is 0.1 ~ 0.4, this two numerical value changes tooth and the bond strength of entity in transverse direction and the intensity in tooth root portion respectively, the top of tooth and bottom level are also adjustable parameters, commonly using and arranging scope is 0.2 ~ 1.0, the height changing tooth can change the difficulty or ease supporting and remove, tooth depth is then more easily removed, but the intensity of tooth reduces, it is then contrary that tooth is short, 8 refer to that tooth has a lateral cross section contraction place, place in the middle of top and bottom for breakpoint line length, the length of line herein is also adjustable, conventional parameters is 0.1 ~ 0.2, because size diminishes herein, intensity is also minimum, support and entity depart from fracture and also occur in this.Carried out the intensity of regulating tooth by regulating tooth bottom width and tooth height, regulating tooth top width and put in physical length to regulate bond strength, transfer breakpoint line length is carried out regulating tooth fracture strength and is supported fracture strength.
The present invention is by designing internal structure and the connecting portion structure of columnar stays, the method of grid thin-wall construction and Sawtooth connection structure is proposed, intensity and the ease of removal of support is regulated by the parameter regulated and set each position, according to the size of different part, the size in different pendency face regulates, not only simplified and supported but also proof strength, process flexibly, increases the ease of removal supported.After removal, simple polishing is done to piece surface and can ensure surface quality, reduce the impact supported.Be applicable to a large amount of production, there is very high economic worth.
Claims (2)
1. SLM manufactures metal parts and easily removes a support structure designs method, it is characterized in that: the supporting construction of design comprises: the sawtooth syndeton on protection support lattice thin-wall construction and protection support lattice thin-walled edge, forms the network structure that multiple through hole is connected; Size of mesh opening in protection support lattice thin-wall construction regulates according to desirable strength, comprises X-direction length and Y-direction length; The direction of thin-walled and Y-direction a at an angle, angle a are 30-45 degree in addition; The thickness of thin-walled is 0.1-0.3mm; In sawtooth syndeton, some puts in entity.
2. a kind of SLM according to claim 1 manufactures metal parts and easily removes support structure designs method, it is characterized in that: sawtooth is divided into top and bottom two parts, top and bottom two parts are respectively the trapezoidal of two totally one bases, and this base width is all less than described two trapezoidal bases.
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| DE102012011217A1 (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh | Device, used to make three-dimensional hybrid component, comprises supporting unit, applying unit, and radiation unit, where plate-like body is disposed on upper side of support, is formed as contoured plug holder and comprises recesses |
| DE102012011218A1 (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh | Apparatus for producing three-dimensional objects, has plug-in projection that is connected in screw-free form-locking connection manner, such that fixation takes place between upper portion and plate-like portion in z-direction |
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| US20060003095A1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2006-01-05 | Optomec Design Company | Greater angle and overhanging materials deposition |
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| GB2458745A (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2009-10-07 | Materials Solutions | Grooved support for selective sintering or melting process |
| CN102196893A (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2011-09-21 | Mtt技术有限公司 | Additive manufacturing apparatus and method |
| CN102762322A (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2012-10-31 | 米其林企业总公司 | Supporting plate for a laser sintering device and enhanced sintering method |
| DE102011005929A1 (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-09-27 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for producing a component in layered construction |
| DE102012011217A1 (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh | Device, used to make three-dimensional hybrid component, comprises supporting unit, applying unit, and radiation unit, where plate-like body is disposed on upper side of support, is formed as contoured plug holder and comprises recesses |
| DE102012011218A1 (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh | Apparatus for producing three-dimensional objects, has plug-in projection that is connected in screw-free form-locking connection manner, such that fixation takes place between upper portion and plate-like portion in z-direction |
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