CN103918651A - Pesticide composition for preventing and treating root knot nematode disease and method - Google Patents
Pesticide composition for preventing and treating root knot nematode disease and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pesticide composition for preventing and treating a root knot nematode disease and a method. The pesticide composition is composed of brassinolide or a mixture of a pesticide as an effective constituent and an adjuvant or a fertilizer, wherein the brassinolide comprises one or the mixture of multiple ingredients of natural brassinolide, 24-surface brassinolide, 22,23,24-surface brassinolide, 28-surface high brassinolide, 28-high brassinolide, 25-methyl brassinolide and 14-hydroxyl rapin sterol, and the content of the brassinolide is 0.001% to 0.4%. The pesticide composition provided by the invention has the advantages that the brassinolide is used as a phytohormone for preventing and treating the root knot nematode disease of a crop, the crop is effectively prevented from infecting by root-knot nematodes or a little infection, meanwhile, the growth of the crop is promoted, the purpose that the production is not reduced and is increased is finally achieved, and the powerful guarantee is provided for the plantation and manufacture of the crop.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to composition pesticide field, relates in particular to a kind of composition pesticide and method of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease.
Background technology
Root knot nematode disease is a kind of universal plant soil-borne diseases, and its pathogenic nematode kind is complicated, causes harm hidden, causes production loss and is difficult for estimation, conventionally general and serious in the harm of subtropical and tropical zones.
Root-knot nematode is a kind of in root system of plant harm, inducing plant root system distortion formation " tumour shape " projection, and we are commonly referred to as a class nematode of " root knot ".Nematode is a class bilateral symmetry, colourless, transparent invertebrate.In the animal kingdom, the kind of nematode approximately has ten thousand kinds of 50-100, but endangers the nematode of plant, only accounts for 10% of line insect types, i.e. 5-10 kind more than ten thousand.
Root-knot nematode host range is very extensive, 3000 Plants have approximately been surpassed, vegetables (being mainly melon-fruit-like vegetable, as cucumber, watermelon, muskmelon, tomato, eggplant, strawberry, balsam pear etc.), cereal crops (wheat, paddy rice etc.), economic crops (cotton, peanut, soybean, tobacco etc.), fruit tree (apple, grape, peach, pears, hawthorn, citrus, jujube etc.), traditional Chinese medicine (red sage root, balloonflower root, the Radix Astragali, ginseng, radix glehniae, pseudo-ginseng and paulownia etc.), ornamental plants and weeds etc. all can be infected.It is reported, just there is the generation of root knot nematode the sixties Shandong, Henan the 1950's, Beijing area.To the late 20th century; along with the large area development of protection ground vegetables, the adjustment of pattern of farming and the impact of human factor, the harm of root-knot nematode is on the rise; from Hainan to northeast, all there is generation in nearly all province, and especially the generation of protection ground root knot nematode is the most serious.Root-knot nematode becomes the parasitic insect of crushing plant root of the rampant harm of China, generally causes the underproduction 20%～50%, and some even has no harvest.Root-knot nematode infects to plant the intrusion that caused wound also helps other pathogens, has increased the weight of the disease of plant.
Cause the root-knot nematode of root knot nematode disease, general minute Meloidogyne incognita (Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood), northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood), peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria Chitwood) and the large kind of javanese root knot nematode (M.javanica Treub) four are wherein serious with the harm of Meloidogyne incognita.Majority of plant has Meloidogyne incognita harm, and in the north, Meloidogyne incognita just just can be survived the winter in greenhouse and booth, at open country, can not survive the winter.
Root-knot nematode mainly invades plant root with female worm and sucks and cause harm, and larva, male worm are all earthworm shape linearities, than needle point is also little, will under magnifying glass, just can see, larva gets into after plant root health, and to enlarge into gradually pyriform be exactly female worm.Root knot nematode disease surface is that root has some miniliform joints, if in each joint with needle point gently strip off can see the female worm of pears shape, size is larger than needle point, can visually see.Generally common on tomato, eggplant, the vegetables such as melon and tobacco root.Root-knot nematode all can survive the winter in the soil layer of 5～50cm, is mainly distributed in the soil layer that 20cm is dark, but has quickish locomotivity and relatively long displacement.10 ℃ start to grow above, and 12 ℃ are infected host above, 25～30 ℃ grow best, 42 ℃ of 4h death, 55 ℃ of 10min death.
The root of root-knot nematode main harm plant produces many wartys " root knot " on lateral root and fibrous root, causes root damage, destruction is dredged the normal transport that tissue has hindered moisture and nutrition, and plant is short and small to die down, yellow leaf, like nutritional deficiency disease, the root chap of falling ill serious, finally rotten and dead.Therefore, root becomes the enlargement of root nodule shape, is this sick cardinal symptom.
General root-knot nematode have a following feature:
1, different time and planting patterns morbidity difference is obvious: overweight spring general autumn, take greenhouse spring as main, and open country is not fallen ill substantially, and summer and autumn, no matter the vegetables of booth, outdoor cropping all fell ill heavier.Booth extent of injury overweights open country, and continuous cropping planting site overweights new stub land piece.
2, the occurring degree of different vegetable kind is different: according to investigations, the vegetables such as melon, tomato, eggplant, celery, romaine lettuce, lettuce, Field diseases is higher, and diseased plant rate reaches 50%～90%; The field diseased plant rate such as kidney bean, carrot, spinach, caraway, wild cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage reach 30%～70%; Pimento, green onion, garlic, leek etc., seldom fall ill in field.From extent of injury, breeding time, long vegetables overweighted short vegetables breeding time.The continuous cropping time is longer, falls ill heavier.
3, the soil texture and temperature and nematode are related: general sandy loam overweights clayed soil, and temperature and nematode are related closely, and the preference temperature of nematode is 25 ℃～28 ℃, with the rising of temperature, increase the weight of.Therefore, it is fallen ill evening, and development is slow, causes harm light, only in green house, causes harm.Early, development is fast, causes harm heavily in vegetables morbidity in autumn.
For root knot nematode disease, by the means of plant quarantine and cultural control, can only reduce the incidence of disease, can not prevent the generation of disease completely, although adopt chemical agent can play certain preventive and therapeutic effect, but chemical agent is all generally by filling with root, sprinkles and water or the insecticide-applying way of sprinkling is used, not only waste of manpower, also water wasting.Particularly, for the inconvenient area of water intaking, greatly increased dispenser cost.The frequent use of these chemical agents, has also polluted environment simultaneously, causes residue of pesticide to exceed standard, and is finally detrimental to health.
Summary of the invention
The application's main purpose is to provide a kind of composition pesticide and method of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease, to solve agricultural chemicals reagent, cannot effect a radical cure the problem of root knot nematode disease to the infringement of crops.
For addressing the above problem, the application provides a kind of composition pesticide of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease, it is characterized in that, be using brassin lactones or with being mixed as active ingredient of agricultural chemicals, form with auxiliary agent or fertilizer, wherein,
Described brassin lactones, comprise: brassinolide, 24-show brassin lactones, 22,23,24-table brassin lactones, 28-show the summation of high brassin lactones, the high brassin lactones of 28-, 25-methyl brassin lactones and wherein one or more of 14-hydroxyl brassinosteroids, and described brassin lactones content is 0.001% to 0.4%.
Preferably, described composition can be made into the formulations of pesticide of aqua, wetting powder, missible oil, microemulsion, aqueous emulsion, suspending agent, microcapsule formulations, water dispersible granules and/or medicament-fertilizer mixture.
Preferably, described agricultural chemicals, comprising: insecticide, bactericide, weed killer herbicide and/or plant growth regulator.
Preferably, described fertilizer, comprising: inorganic fertilizer, organic manure and/or bio-fertilizer.
Preferably, the application of described composition pesticide in the Pesticidal products of preparation prevention, treatment root knot nematode disease.
Preferably, described root knot nematode disease comprises the root knot nematode disease that the agricultural productions such as vegetables, cereal crops, economic crops, fruit tree, traditional Chinese medicine and ornamental plants need to prevent and treat.
Prevent and treat a method for crop in cruciferae club root, use the composition pesticide of described control crop in cruciferae club root, carry out in accordance with the following steps respectively dispenser processing, step is:
Before crop in cruciferae sowing, with described composition pesticide, carry out sowing again after seed soaking;
After crop emerges, carry out foliage-spray processing, wherein spray number of times for weekly, always spraying number of times is 1-12 time, and the time that sprays is for the first time that two cotyledons of crop launch completely, sprays the blade face that position is described crop.
Compared with prior art, a kind of composition pesticide and the method for preventing and treating root knot nematode disease described in the application, has reached following effect:
1) the application is used for the root knot nematode disease of preventing and treating crops using brassin lactones as a Plant Hormone, utilize brassin lactones promote reduced glutathione synthetic, improve resistance enzyme activity and activate resistant gene expression and as preventing and treating the biopesticide of root knot nematode disease, effectively prevent crop by root-knot nematode, not infected, or infect on a small quantity, also can promote the growth of crop simultaneously, finally reach the not underproduction, the object of volume increase even, for plantation and the production of crops provides powerful guarantee.
2) the application's aqueous pesticide solution belongs to " the sixth-largest class endogenous hormones " just because of brassin lactones itself, applicable to any plant, there is growth regulation, volume increase, raising quality, strengthen the effect that resistance is conciliate poisoning, therefore, applied widely, applicable to any crop, in the vast rural area of China, apply.
3) aqueous pesticide solution of the brassin lactones that the application adopts has that preparation method is simple, easy to use, cost is low and free of contamination advantage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present application, forms the application's a part, and the application's schematic description and description is used for explaining the application, does not form the improper restriction to the application.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is used the described composition pesticide of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease to prevent and treat the flow chart of the method for root of the crop Root-knot in the application.
Embodiment
To coordinate graphic and embodiment to describe the application's embodiment in detail below, by this application's implementation procedure how application technology means solve technical problem and reach technology effect can be fully understood and be implemented according to this.
It is to using brassin lactones as main active ingredient that the application adopts technical scheme, or with being mixed as active ingredient of agricultural chemicals, form with auxiliary agent or fertilizer, general solid and the liquid dosage form of agricultural chemicals made from surfactant adjuvant, solvent or carrier, comprises the formulations of pesticide of wetting powder, missible oil, microemulsion, aqua, suspending agent, microcapsules, water dispersible granules and/or medicament-fertilizer mixture etc.Wherein prevent and treat an aqueous pesticide solution for root knot nematode disease, component and the content of this aqueous pesticide solution are as follows:
Be that described brassin lactones content is (accounting for aqueous pesticide solution total amount) 0.001% to 0.4%.
Its concrete preparation process is:
1, measure in proportion each component;
2, after brassin lactones is fully dissolved in fatty alcohol, add non-ionic surface active agent, after mixing, add again water and stir evenly;
3, in above-mentioned solution, add successively magnesium salts, ferrous salt, boric acid, compound amino acid, limit edged stirs, and adds another medicament after a kind of medicament dissolution again, to all dissolving, obtains described preparation.
Each constituent of aqueous pesticide solution and proportioning that the application prevents and treats root knot nematode disease obtain on test of many times result and scientific appraisal basis.Through lot of experiments screening, affirmed that this aqueous pesticide solution prevents and treats the effect of root knot nematode disease.
Brassin lactones in this aqueous pesticide solution, it can be the brassinolide extracting from plant, also can be artificial synthetic brassin lactones, comprise: brassinolide, 24-show brassin lactones, 22,23,24-table brassin lactones, 28-show the summation of high brassin lactones, the high brassin lactones of 28-, 25-methyl brassin lactones and wherein one or more of 14-hydroxyl brassinosteroids, and described brassin lactones content is 0.001% to 0.4%.By promoting the expression synthetic, that improve resistance enzyme activity and activation resistant gene of reduced glutathione to improve the resistance against diseases of crops itself, suppress the invasion of germ and spread, incidence and the occurrence degree that can significantly reduce root knot nematode disease, reduce from root the economic loss that crops are caused because of disease.
In the method, because brassin lactones is water insoluble, thus need to be first dissolved in fatty alcohol, more soluble in water.In practical operation, add non-ionic surface active agent, be for this aqueous pesticide solution can be covered on crop blade face more uniformly, as add emulsifier NP-10, can make the emulsifying effectiveness of medicament in water better, at the wettability on crop blade face, strengthen; Add TO-5, can reduce the surface tension of liquid on blade, strengthen the infiltration capacity of medicament.
In this application, using in the situation about being mixed as active ingredient of brassin lactones and agricultural chemicals, this agricultural chemicals comprises: insecticide, bactericide, weed killer herbicide, plant growth regulator.
The fertilizer that forms composition pesticide with brassin lactones comprises: inorganic fertilizer (nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium, iron fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer and composite fertilizer etc.), organic manure (barnyard manure, green manure, cake fertilizer, barnyard manure and compost etc.), bio-fertilizer (rhizobia fertilizer, phosphobacteria fertilizer, antibiotic fertilizer and composite bacterial fertilizer etc.) and new-type fertilizer (Controlled Release Fertilizer etc.).
It should be noted that, the composition pesticide of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease described in use the application, can prevent and treat and comprise: the root knot nematode disease that the agricultural productions such as vegetables (being mainly melon-fruit-like vegetable, as cucumber, watermelon, muskmelon, tomato, eggplant, strawberry, balsam pear etc.), cereal crops (wheat, paddy rice etc.), economic crops (cotton, peanut, soybean, tobacco etc.), fruit tree (apple, grape, peach, pears, hawthorn, citrus, jujube etc.), traditional Chinese medicine (red sage root, balloonflower root, the Radix Astragali, ginseng, radix glehniae, pseudo-ginseng and paulownia etc.) and ornamental plants need to prevent and treat.
As shown in Figure 1, use the composition pesticide of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease described in the application, carry out in accordance with the following steps respectively dispenser processing, comprising:
Step 101, before crop sowing, carries out sowing after seed soaking with this composition pesticide again;
Step 102, after crop emerges, carries out foliage-spray processing, wherein sprays number of times for weekly, and always spraying number of times is 1-12 time, and the time that sprays is for the first time that two cotyledons of crop launch completely, sprays the blade face that position is described crop.
Used for all preparations according to the following formulation of examination aqua medicament in following embodiment:
Embodiment mono-
In the present embodiment, take and prevent and treat root knot nematode disease field control effectiveness test as example, test method is as follows:
Test is carried out on tomato in plastic greenhouse, cucumber.Because greenhouse-environment is suitable, and plantation continuously for many years, root knot nematode disease occurs serious.Test has 3 processing, and each is processed 3 times and repeats.
1500 times of reagent agent dilutions are carried out to foliar spray processing, and dispenser in every 7 days once, sprays 5 times continuously, 50 days experimental investigation results after medicine.
Contrast medicament is 5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate.5000 times of medicament dilutions are carried out to root irrigation, every strain 200ml.
Above-mentioned test is carried out to data acquisition investigation and all after dispenser, carry out 50 days time, find the suspicious diseased plant that is injured, according to region random searching 10 strains of dividing in advance, calculate the incidence of disease, disease index and control efficiency, wherein, diseased plant stage division:
0 grade: root system is without insect gall;
1 grade: root system has a small amount of little insect gall;
3 grades: 2/3 root system is covered with little insect gall;
5 grades: root system is covered with little insect gall and has secondary insect gall;
7 grades: root growth fibrous root group.
After each dispenser and before the investigation of end product data obtains, by chemicals treatment district and the comparison of blank district, evaluate its poisoning percentage, meanwhile, the symptom of chemical damage of accurate description crop (dwarfing, chlorisis, deformity etc.), and being calculated as follows drug effect:
Result of the test is as shown in table 1.Contrast and compare with clear water, reagent agent reaches 70.65% to the control efficiency of tomato root-knot eelworm disease, and the control efficiency of Cucumber root-knot nematode disease is reached to 67.51%.Contrast medicament Avermectin reaches 75.51% to the control efficiency of tomato root-knot eelworm disease, and the control efficiency of Cucumber root-knot nematode disease is reached to 73.77%.
Table 1 control root knot nematode disease test of pesticide effectiveness result
Known according to data in table 1, within the scope of test dose, plant growth is normal, and the poisoning phenomenon to tomato and cucumber, application safety all do not appear in each treatment agent.
Embodiment bis-
In the present embodiment, take and prevent and treat groundnut root knot nematode disease field control effectiveness test as example, test method is as follows:
Experimental field groundnut root knot nematode disease occurs for years, and increases the weight of year by year.Test has 3 processing, and each is processed 3 times and repeats.
1500 times of reagent agent dilutions are carried out to foliar spray processing, and dispenser in every 7 days once, sprays 5 times continuously, 50 days experimental investigation results after medicine.
Contrast medicament is 5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate.After vegetable permanent planting, 5000 times of medicament dilutions are carried out to root irrigation, every strain 200ml.
Above-mentioned test is carried out to data acquisition and all carry out when the harvesting peanut, find the suspicious diseased plant that is injured, according to region random searching 10 strains of dividing in advance, calculate the incidence of disease, disease index and control efficiency, wherein, diseased plant stage division:
0 grade: root system is without insect gall;
1 grade: root system has a small amount of little insect gall;
3 grades: 2/3 root system is covered with little insect gall;
5 grades: root system is covered with little insect gall and has secondary insect gall;
7 grades: root growth fibrous root group.
After each dispenser and before last harvesting peanut, by chemicals treatment district and the comparison of blank district, evaluate its poisoning percentage, meanwhile, the symptom of chemical damage of accurate description crop (dwarfing, chlorisis etc.).And being calculated as follows drug effect:
As shown in table 2, contrast and compare with clear water, reagent agent reaches 66.58% to the control efficiency of groundnut root knot nematode disease, and contrast medicament Avermectin reaches 72.1% to the control efficiency of groundnut root knot nematode disease, and the two difference is not remarkable.
Table 2 is prevented and treated groundnut root knot nematode disease test of pesticide effectiveness result
Known according to data in table 2, within the scope of test dose, plant growth is normal, and the poisoning phenomenon to peanut, application safety all do not appear in each treatment agent.
Compared with prior art, a kind of composition pesticide and the method for preventing and treating root knot nematode disease described in the application, has reached following effect:
1) the application is used for the root knot nematode disease of preventing and treating crops using brassin lactones as a Plant Hormone, utilize brassin lactones promote reduced glutathione synthetic, improve resistance enzyme activity and activate resistant gene expression and as preventing and treating the biopesticide of root knot nematode disease, effectively prevent crop by root-knot nematode, not infected, or infect on a small quantity, also can promote the growth of crop simultaneously, finally reach the not underproduction, the object of volume increase even, for plantation and the production of crops provides powerful guarantee.
2) the application's aqueous pesticide solution belongs to " the sixth-largest class endogenous hormones " just because of brassin lactones itself, applicable to any plant, there is growth regulation, volume increase, raising quality, strengthen the effect that resistance is conciliate poisoning, therefore, applied widely, applicable to any crop, in the vast rural area of China, apply.
3) aqueous pesticide solution of the brassin lactones that the application adopts has that preparation method is simple, easy to use, cost is low and free of contamination advantage.
The embodiment that the foregoing is only the application, is not limited to the application, and for a person skilled in the art, the application can have various modifications and variations.All within the application's spirit and principle, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in the application's claim scope.
Claims (7)
1. a composition pesticide of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease, is characterized in that, be using brassin lactones or with being mixed as active ingredient of agricultural chemicals, form with auxiliary agent or fertilizer, wherein,
Described brassin lactones, comprise: brassinolide, 24-show brassin lactones, 22,23,24-table brassin lactones, 28-show the summation of high brassin lactones, the high brassin lactones of 28-, 25-methyl brassin lactones and wherein one or more of 14-hydroxyl brassinosteroids, and described brassin lactones content is 0.001% to 0.4%.
2. the composition pesticide of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described composition can be made into the formulations of pesticide of aqua, wetting powder, missible oil, microemulsion, aqueous emulsion, suspending agent, microcapsule formulations, water dispersible granules and/or medicament-fertilizer mixture.
3. the composition pesticide of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described agricultural chemicals, comprising: insecticide, bactericide, weed killer herbicide and/or plant growth regulator.
4. the composition pesticide of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described fertilizer, comprising: inorganic fertilizer, organic manure and/or bio-fertilizer.
5. the composition pesticide of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the application of described composition pesticide in the Pesticidal products of preparation prevention, treatment root knot nematode disease.
6. the composition pesticide of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described root knot nematode disease comprises the root knot nematode disease that vegetables, cereal crops, economic crops, fruit tree, traditional Chinese medicine and ornamental plants agricultural production need to prevent and treat.
7. a method of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease, is characterized in that, uses the composition pesticide of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease as claimed in claim 1, can be handled as follows: seed treatment, foliar spray, spread fertilizer over the fields or fill with root.
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Application publication date: 20140716 |