CN103918474B - The cultivation method of a kind of southern area woodear - Google Patents
The cultivation method of a kind of southern area woodear Download PDFInfo
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- CN103918474B CN103918474B CN201410115146.0A CN201410115146A CN103918474B CN 103918474 B CN103918474 B CN 103918474B CN 201410115146 A CN201410115146 A CN 201410115146A CN 103918474 B CN103918474 B CN 103918474B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the cultivation method of a kind of southern area woodear, comprising: (1) system rod: planting material is loaded in pocket, obtained charge bar; (2) inoculate: in mid-June to early July, inoculate after charge bar sterilizing, after having inoculated, increase cover control oxygen bag outward at charge bar; (3) bacterium is sent out: the charge bar completing bagging is moved into outdoor booth, the parallel adjacent stacking of bacterium rod; Between bacteria developing period, take to rest, do not carry out turning operation; Utilize spraying cooling in conjunction with forced ventilation, control canopy temperature 25 ~ 33 DEG C, relative moisture 60 ~ 70%, sends out bacterium to mid or late August to early September and completes; (4) acanthopore urges ear; (5) grand style goes out ear.The inventive method increases outward at bacterium rod has overlapped control oxygen bag, decreases bacterium rod inner air and outer air and exchanges, reduce miscellaneous bacteria infectious bacteria rod risk.Take to rest and exempt from turning technology between bacteria developing period, can effectively weaken mycelia breathing, in reducing, heat-dissipating amount produces and release, thus the temperature of bacterium rod heap is declined relatively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivating method for edible fungi, particularly relate to the cultivation method of a kind of southern area woodear.
Background technology
Woodear is the edible mushroom that a kind of China widely cultivates, and the section of mainly containing wood is cultivated and the foster two kinds of cultivation methods of bag cultivating at present.Traditional producing region of woodear northeastward and the Northwest, but along with black fungus bag plants the maturation of technology, the southern black fungus cultivation scales such as Zhejiang expand rapidly, its seed stage is summer, going out the ear phase is autumn and winter and spring, planting type is based on open country, intermittent spraying cultivation, and this kind of planting type convenient management, output is high, Functionality, quality and appealing design.
Southern area cultivating black fungus inoculation makes the rod time generally in annual mid or late August, at this period temperature more than 30 DEG C.Woodear belongs to cold-resistant To Be Protected from Heat type mushroom, too high temperature is unfavorable for the growth of woodear, the 2h when high temperature 40 DEG C is all dead for woodear mycelia, and the condition of southern high-temperature high humidity, more be conducive to spore germination and the growth and breeding of the multiple moulds such as Trichoderma viride, breed the fastest under 30 ~ 40 DEG C of conditions, slow down with the reduction of temperature, the harm of woodear is also alleviated thereupon.
For solving the problem, after having inoculated, bacterium rod being deposited in indoor, when temperature is higher than 33 DEG C, forced ventilation need being carried out to culturing room, and the loose heap of turning in time.Whole culture period, need to make regular check on and send out bacterium situation, remove contaminated bacteria rod in time, workload is large.As (Lu Yun etc. such as Lu Yun, southern area booth in winter cultivating Auricularia auricula-judae in bags technical essential, " edible mushroom ", 6th phase in 2003,27 pages) method of a kind of southern area cultivating black fungus is disclosed, comprising: between bacteria developing period, culturing room's temperature should control at 22 ~ 25 DEG C, do not reach this temperature just to heat, but be no more than 28 DEG C.Vegetative stage, the light of culturing room close to dark, will open door and window ventilation every day.
If woodear seed stage is postponed till September, not only winter ear (high-quality ear) yields poorly, and on the occasion of Used in Rainy Seasons of Southern Cities during spring ear, is difficult to the system of gathering and does, per unit area yield and benefit all effected, even occur loss.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the cultivation method of a kind of southern area woodear, to solve the high problem causing the woodear underproduction of existing cultivation method bacterium rod pollution rate.
A cultivation method for southern area woodear, comprising:
1, a cultivation method for southern area woodear, comprising:
(1) system rod: planting material is loaded in pocket, obtained charge bar;
(2) inoculate: in mid-June to early July, inoculate after charge bar sterilizing, after having inoculated, increase cover control oxygen bag outward at charge bar;
(3) bacterium is sent out: the charge bar completing bagging is moved into outdoor booth, the parallel adjacent stacking of bacterium rod; Between bacteria developing period, take to rest, do not carry out turning operation; Utilize spraying cooling in conjunction with forced ventilation, control canopy temperature 25 ~ 33 DEG C, relative moisture 60 ~ 70%, sends out bacterium to mid or late August to early September and completes;
(4) acanthopore urges ear;
(5) grand style goes out ear.
The production of tradition bacterium rod is in mid-August, and the excellent stacking of bacterium is general adopts the stacking of indoor intersecting parallels, and because room air circulates freely, bacterium rod stacks spacing comparatively greatly, wastes a large amount of spaces.Especially will carry out de-bag, turning process after mycelium field planting, mycelia respiration can be stimulated to aggravate, bacterium rod internal temperature rises, at a time when southern area summer high temperature high humidity season, mycelia suffers high temperature damage, adds bacteria infection risk, reduces the yield rate of bacterium rod.
Described southern area mainly refers to Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces one band.
Employing of the present invention and the diverse strategy of conventional method, seed stage is ahead of time to mid-June of proper temperature to early July, bagging control oxygen after inoculation, the parallel adjacent stacking of bacterium rod (being commonly called as heap vial-type to stack), turning is not carried out during bacteria, replace dormancy of resting, reduce air exchange, avoid mycelia respiration to aggravate to cause interior heat-dissipating amount to increase.By change traditional booth overlay film, increase spray facility and promote the temperature that the height, stronger ventilation etc. of booth controls to cultivate inside, place.Decrease the generation of interior heat-dissipating amount because woodear respiratory intensity in bacterium rod reduces, the improvement of simultaneously cultivating place change and facility makes temperature reduce, and decreases woodear high temperature and burns bacterium phenomenon, effectively the breeding of suppression varied bacteria growing.And seed stage is ahead of time to mid-June, the grand style phase is corresponding ahead of time to September, can receive a tide winter ear more, add auricularia auriculajudae output.
Planting material is generally made up of wood chip, auxiliary material and water, and wood chip and auxiliary material belong to siccative, adds water content after water and is generally 50 ~ 55%, has larger impact to be the proportioning of siccative, especially major ingredient on fungus cultivation, ramulus mori generally can be adopted to consider to be worth doing and weed tree sawdust etc.Planting material water content of the present invention is 50 ~ 55%, and by weight percentage, siccative consists of: ramulus mori bits 56 ~ 60%, weed tree sawdust 30 ~ 40%, wheat bran 6 ~ 10%, gypsum 1 ~ 2%, lime 1 ~ 2%.
Charge bar weight and volume will be suitable for, and the weight of single charge bar is 1.5 ~ 1.7kg.
Described sterilizing is atmospheric steam sterilizing, temperature 100 DEG C, time 12 ~ 14h.
The ceiling of described booth covers black and white film, arranges sunshade net and erection spray equipment, utilizes spray equipment, black and white film and sunshade net, canopy temperature can be allowed to decline 3 ~ 5 DEG C above ceiling.
During flat-tope structure, the height of described booth is 3 ~ 4m; During dome structure, the ceiling height of described booth is 4 ~ 4.5, more than shoulder level 3m, and this booth is larger than the volume of existing booth, and the heat around bacterium rod can be allowed more easily to leave in time.
Described control oxygen bag adopts Polythene Bag, and specification is 150 ~ 200mm × 600 ~ 650mm, and specification is too small to cause inner air not enough, causes mycelia cannot enough oxygen, then can not get too greatly the effect of control oxygen.
Described acanthopore urges ear to be: after bacterium rod is kept 10 ~ 15d after-ripening, carry out punching process to bacterium rod, and the excellent earhole quantity of each bacterium is 150 ~ 180; Then bacteria urges ear 7 ~ 10d, treats that earhole mycelia recovers, then carries out grand style and go out ear.
Described grand style goes out ear and adopts existing method.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the inventive method increases outward at bacterium rod and has overlapped control oxygen bag, decreases bacterium rod inner air and outer air and exchanges, reduce miscellaneous bacteria infectious bacteria rod risk.
(2) the inventive method is taked to rest and exempt from turning technology between bacteria developing period, can effectively weaken mycelia breathing, and in reducing, heat-dissipating amount produces and release, thus the relative conventional method of temperature of bacterium rod heap is declined 3 ~ 5 DEG C.Meanwhile, the more traditional turning of the bacterium rod not turning heap that falls apart has saved a large amount of recruitment.
(3) the present invention is advanced to the mid-June of proper temperature to early July due to inoculation time, inoculation survival rate can be improved, and the bacterium deadline sent out by bacterium rod and the grand style time is advanced by about 45d relative to conventional method, can gather a tide winter ear, each bacterium rod winter ear output increases about 23.7g more.
Embodiment
Comparative example
(1) ramulus mori bits 58%, weed tree sawdust 30%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, lime 1% are mixed in proportion, obtained siccative, then add adding water to water content and reach 55%, stir, obtain planting material;
(2) late August, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is loaded in polyethylene plastic bag, tighten sack by plastic ties, obtained charge bar; Charge bar carries out normal-pressure sterilization 12h at 100 DEG C, the complete rear cooling naturally of sterilizing;
(3) aseptically inoculate according to a conventional method, bacterial classification is woodear 916 kind;
(4) after having inoculated, charge bar is transferred to indoor cultivation place and send out bacterium, bacterium rod is pressed intersecting parallels and is stacked, and stacks 4 rods for every layer, pile high 8-10 layer, 1-10d after inoculation, heap temperature control is after 25-27 DEG C, 10d, heap temperature control is at 22-25 DEG C, when sending out bacterium circle and growing to 6-8cm, untie the ventilation of cover sack, reduce the density of stacking.Heap temperature, more than 28 DEG C, should be taked to evacuate bacterium rod, the measure coolings such as stronger ventilation.Relative air humidity 50-70%.Carry out turning when untiing bagging, carried out turning inspection every 10-15 days later, reject contaminated bacteria rod in time.
(5) after bacterium rod keeps 15d after-ripening, carry out punching process to bacterium rod, each bacterium rod earhole quantity is 150 ~ 180, and the degree of depth reaches 1-1.5cm; Then urge bacterium bacteria 10d, treat that earhole mycelia recovers, mid-October carries out grand style.
(6) after grand style, carry out according to a conventional method syrinx reason, as gone out to adopt alternation of wetting and drying preventing pollution, stream ear and rotten ear generation etc.When auricle eight or nine points of maturations (ear handle attenuates, ear lobe is unfolded and slightly sagging, outside of belly spore generation), cap crimping is not open and flat, and mushroom handle is of moderate size, and can gather.
Embodiment
(1) ramulus mori bits 58%, weed tree sawdust 30%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, lime 1% are mixed in proportion, obtained siccative, then add adding water to water content and reach 55%, stir, obtain planting material;
(2) mid-June, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is loaded in polyethylene plastic bag, tighten sack by plastic ties, obtained charge bar; Charge bar carries out normal-pressure sterilization 12h at 100 DEG C, the complete rear cooling naturally of sterilizing;
(3) aseptically inoculate according to a conventional method, bacterial classification is woodear 916 kind, overlaps the control oxygen bag of 200mm × 600mm after completing again, sealing;
(4), after having inoculated, transferred to by charge bar in outdoor booth, booth is flat-tope structure, high 4m, ceiling lays black and white film, and top is provided with Sunshade film and sprinkling equipment, by spray and forced ventilation, controlling canopy temperature is 25 ~ 30 DEG C, relative moisture 50 ~ 70%, to late August, mycelia covers with whole charge bar, send out bacterium to complete, obtain bacterium rod;
(5) after bacterium rod keeps 15d after-ripening, carry out punching process to bacterium rod, each bacterium rod earhole quantity is 150 ~ 180; Then urge bacterium bacteria 10d, treat that earhole mycelia recovers, September carries out grand style.
(6) after grand style, carry out according to a conventional method syrinx reason, as gone out to adopt alternation of wetting and drying preventing pollution, stream ear and rotten ear generation etc.When auricle eight or nine points of maturations (ear handle attenuates, ear lobe is unfolded and slightly sagging, outside of belly spore generation), cap crimping is not open and flat, and mushroom handle is of moderate size, and can gather.
The present invention inoculates in June 19 and July 8 respectively, September 5 grand style time of twice cultivation and September 22, does sth. in advance 30-50 days, contrast, specifically in table 1 and table 2 below to the indices of twice cultivation and comparative example than conventional method.
Table 1 embodiment 1 and each index of comparative example contrast
As shown in Table 1, southern area woodear inoculation grand style time advance 47d, bacterium rod yield rate improves 5.8%, winter ear output increased 92.4%.
Table 2 embodiment 2 and each index comparison of comparative example
As shown in Table 2, southern area woodear inoculation grand style time advance 30d, bacterium rod yield rate improves 7.1%, winter ear output increased 105.8%.
Claims (4)
1. a cultivation method for southern area woodear, comprising:
(1) system rod: planting material is loaded in pocket, obtained charge bar;
Described planting material is mixed by siccative and forms, and water content is 50 ~ 55%, and siccative part consists of by weight percentage: ramulus mori bits 56 ~ 60%, weed tree sawdust 30 ~ 40%, wheat bran 6 ~ 10%, gypsum 1 ~ 2%, lime 1 ~ 2%;
(2) inoculate: in mid-June to early July, inoculate after charge bar sterilizing, after having inoculated, increase cover control oxygen bag outward at charge bar; The weight of single charge bar is 1.5 ~ 1.7kg, and described control oxygen bag is Polythene Bag, and specification is 150-200mm × 600-650mm;
(3) bacterium is sent out: the charge bar completing bagging is moved into outdoor booth, the parallel adjacent stacking of bacterium rod; Between bacteria developing period, take to rest, do not carry out turning operation; Utilize spraying cooling in conjunction with forced ventilation, control canopy temperature 25 ~ 33 DEG C, relative moisture 60 ~ 70%, sends out bacterium to mid or late August to early September and completes; During flat-tope structure, the height of described booth is 3 ~ 4m; During dome structure, the ceiling height of described booth is 4 ~ 4.5m, more than shoulder level 3m;
(4) acanthopore urges ear;
(5) grand style goes out ear.
2. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sterilizing is atmospheric steam sterilizing, temperature 100 DEG C, time 12 ~ 14h.
3. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the ceiling of described booth covers black and white film, arranges sunshade net above ceiling, erection spray equipment.
4. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described acanthopore urges ear to be: removing control oxygen bag, and after bacterium rod is kept 10 ~ 15d after-ripening, carry out punching process to bacterium rod, the excellent earhole quantity of each bacterium is 150 ~ 180; Then bacteria urges ear 7 ~ 10d, treats that earhole mycelia recovers, then carries out grand style and go out ear.
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| CN104686198A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-06-10 | 象州县科学技术局 | Method for cultivation of edible tree funguses through mulberry branches |
| CN107371790A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-24 | 徐州两汉农业发展有限公司 | A kind of artificial method for planting of black fungus |
| CN107821000A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-03-23 | 青川山水涧旅游资源开发有限公司 | A kind of segment wood cultivated method of gold agaric |
| CN108323375A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-07-27 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of elegant precious mushroom culture substrate and its preparation method and application |
| CN111972213B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2022-04-15 | 岳西县思远生态农业有限公司 | Black fungus cultivation method |
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| CN103355094A (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-10-23 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Method of cultivating tremella by utilizing mulberry twig |
| CN103444437A (en) * | 2013-09-07 | 2013-12-18 | 兴安县铭晖食用菌种植有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method for black fungus |
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