CN103916675B - A kind of low latency inner frame coding method divided based on band - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of low latency inner frame coding method divided based on band, delay is reduced with two links of coding from collection, first, collection terminal will be acquired per two field picture in units of band, and the size of band is related to video resolution, delay requirement, coding standard；Then, encoded in units of band, in order to improve precision of prediction, further reduce and postpone, each band is divided into many sub- bands, infra-frame prediction is carried out by prognostic chart picture of the interpolation amplification image of the reconstruction image after one of them sub- band coding, the precision of prediction so can be effectively lifted.By test, the low latency encoding and decoding structure based on band proposed by the present invention can effectively reduce the inherent delay of coding/decoding system, for standard definition video, can be reduced to 150ms.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new low latency inner frame coding method, more particularly to a kind of low latency divided based on band
Intraframe coding, belongs to technical field of computer vision.
Background technology
With the continuous improvement and development of network technology and terminal processing capacity, in order to improve constantly compression performance, ITU and
ISO tissues are proposed a series of video encoding standards, including the H.26x series that ITU is organized is marked with the MPEG-x series of ISO tissues
Standard, and newest formulation HEVC standard.Newest HEVC standard is devoted to being satisfied with the 1) high definition of user, 2) 3D, 3) it is mobile
Wirelessly, newly led with meeting new home theater, remote monitoring, digital broadcasting, mobile flow medium, mobile imaging, medical imaging etc.
The demand in domain.There are various configurations pattern, including HE (High Efficiency) high-performance, LC (Low in HEVC standard
Complexity) low complex degree configuration.
In these coding standards, two classes are broadly divided into：One class is that, towards storage, another kind of is towards transmission.With H
It, towards transmission, is towards storage based on Mpeg series to be based on series.Although the tissue that video encoding standard is formulated is not
Together, the age of completion and application background aspect and differ, but use basic coding framework be but identical, use more
The basic framework of motion compensation+DCT.Frame of video is generally divided into I (Intra-frame), P (Predictive- under this framework
Frame), B (Bidirectionally predicted-frame) three types：I frames are completed by processes such as conversion, quantizations
Coding；P frames, as reference, carry out coded residual after motion compensation with the reconstruction image of the encoded frame of forward direction；B frames are then with front and rear two-way
The reconstruction image of encoded frame is reference, carries out coded residual after motion compensation.
In the frame of video of three types, although the number of I frames is fewer, but it encodes digit per frame and is far above P, B
Frame, also occupies significant proportion in the code stream for ultimately generating, and in the h .264 standard, the compression ratio of I/P frames is divided into：I：P=1：3
~5, namely the bit rate of I frames is 3~5 times of P frames, and in HEVC standard, with the introducing of new complex technology, I frames and P frames
Compression ratio further expand, in some videos, 1 can be reached：10.The video flowing of (CBR) constant for bit rate output, I
The code check of frame increases suddenly, will result directly in the decline of the coding digit for reducing follow-up P/B frames, so have influence on recovery image and
The quality of prognostic chart picture.Improve I frames compression ratio, not only for video quality stability and continuity serve it is most important
Effect, and the delay of coding/decoding system can be reduced.If that is, the code check of I frames is too high, it will cause to take more nets
Network bandwidth transmits compressed bit stream.
In video coding process, especially under mobile platform, in the case of all being required for bandwidth and complexity, wish
Hope that encoding and decoding algorithm accomplishes low latency and low complex degree.In the cataloged procedure of video, delay mainly has what two reasons caused：
(1) the encoding and decoding intrinsic time, if encoding and decoding speed can reach in real time, then will not there is time delay to produce
It is raw.
(2) transmission, if channel is sufficiently wide, does not have crowded there will not be to postpone to produce.
Discounting for the problem of channel, then the inherent delay for how reducing encoding and decoding just seems particularly significant.One
The delay of coding/decoding system is made up of (see Fig. 1) following components, including image information collecting, compression treatment, transmission buffering
Area, data link transmission, the delay for receiving the links such as buffering area, decompression, image data format conversion and display.It is in frame per second
In the case of the real-time coding of 25 frames/second, encoder completes compression treatment in 40ms after the completion of an image frame grabber；When coding
When frame type is I-P, the digit ratio generally 8 of output is encoded：3, therefore the buffer size being normally set up is every frame average code
3.5~4 times of flow, to meet the caching of I frame code streams.By the way that after data link transmission, decoding end receives compressed bit stream and just enters
Row decompression, is finally shown in display device.In fig. 1 it is assumed that following two situations：
1)：Data link transmission is all fixed, (CBR type channels) in whole encoding-decoding process, is not counted in delay.
2)：In Real-time Collection, treatment, Transmission system, it is parallel processing to receive buffering area and decompression process, can be with
Only calculate a time.
Under the coding framework of standard, with frame as elementary cell, then coding/decoding system total delay is analyzed as follows：During collection
Between T1 gather a two field picture needed for time, by taking pal standard as an example, TI=1000/25=40ms.
Scramble time T2：In the case of real-time coding, the time for encoding a two field picture is：T2=40ms.Code stream sends
Time T3：To delayed impact than larger part be send buffering area, set buffering area be to solve the biography of variable code rate code stream
Defeated and storage problem.Buffering area is bigger, can more bear the fluctuation of code check, but the delay for causing is also bigger, and vice versa.With I
As a example by frame coding, the code stream of generation may be full of the 3/4 of a buffering area, thus send buffer delay be generally T3=3 ×
40=120ms, may result in the delay of 140ms~160ms under the extreme case that buffering area is filled.
Code stream receives time T4：To decompress the two field picture of contract drawing first and carry out the time of image data format conversion, here
It is designated as T4=25ms.
Display time T5, sends into display device after decompression, the time for showing a two field picture is T5=40ms.When will be above-mentioned
Between added up, encoding and decoding total delay be T=T1+T2+T3+T4+T5=265ms.In above-mentioned delay, I frames are used as pass
Key frame type, it is maximum that its encoding and decoding postpones, while being also maximum to the contribution that whole encoding and decoding postpone, therefore reduces I
Delay in frame cataloged procedure, reduces it and produces code check by postponing to produce important influence.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of low latency inner frame coding method divided based on band.The method is by right
Coding and decoding video postpones to be analyzed, and provides the low latency coding structure for being suitable for I frames coding, in the structure shown here, will mainly examine
Consider collection terminal, two aspects of coding side.First, collection terminal will be acquired per two field picture in units of band, band it is big
It is small related to video resolution and delay requirement；Then, encoded in units of band, in order to improve precision of prediction, entered one
Step is reduced and postponed, and each band is divided into many sub- bands, and infra-frame prediction is carried out by predicting unit of one of them sub- band,
So can effectively lift the precision of prediction.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical schemes.It is characterized in that comprising the following steps：
Step one：Video acquisition is carried out in units of band, by input picture be divided into several bands be acquired with
Reduce collection to postpone, wherein the size phase of the determination of stripe size and basic coding unit in the video encoding standard for being used
Close, if the number of scanning lines of a two field picture is Nframe, NbcuRepresent the number of lines of pixels that the basic coding unit is included, Nsiyce_bcu
The number of lines of pixels in each band is represented, the band is with NbcuMultiple band division is carried out to a two field picture for unit,
Nslice_bcu=α × β × Nbcu, to postpone adjusting parameter, β is resolution adjustment parameter to wherein parameter alpha, and α and β are positive integer；
Step 2：Coding is predicted in units of band, be improve precision of prediction, to band using interlacing and/or every
Row mode is extracted, and is further divided into many sub- bands；Above-mentioned many sub- bands are predicted according to following 2 kinds of modes
Coding：First using a sub- band in the multiple sub- band as substantially sub- band, directly using the Video coding mark
The Forecasting Methodology of quasi- regulation is encoded, and encoding code stream is directly entered output buffer, and is transferred to decoding end and is decoded；Its
It is secondary, the code stream after the substantially sub- band coding is rebuild, and interpolation amplification treatment is carried out to reconstruction image, it is amplified to
Resolution ratio with the band is identical, the interpolation image for obtaining as other sub- bands prognostic chart picture；3rd, if for remaining
A dry sub- band, in an encoding process according to the prognostic chart picture using correspondence position point directly ask it is poor by the way of be predicted,
The residual error data that coding is obtained；In image decoding, described remaining some sub- band are amplified using the reconstruction of substantially sub- band
Image is recovered as prognostic chart picture, it is to avoid interpolation processing repeatedly.
Above-mentioned band divides relevant with coding standard, and for H.264 coding standard, the basic coding unit is macro block,
For HEVC coding standards, the basic coding unit is CU or LCU.To reduce the code stream difference between I frames and P frames, make every
The compressed code flow trim of two field picture, the type to input picture judges, if input picture is I frames, the band of division will
Intraframe coding is all used, if input picture is P frames or B two field pictures, a band in P frames or B two field pictures is compiled using Intra
Code mode, remaining band is still encoded using the Inter of original P frames.
The low latency inner frame coding method that band provided by the present invention is divided can effectively improve the precision of prediction, enter
And the method for reducing encoding time delay.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is system delay schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the collection low latency coding dividing mode based on band；
Fig. 3 is the adjacent point prediction in space in JVT；
Fig. 4 is the intra prediction mode in HEVC standard；
Fig. 5 is the Prediction distance of pixel under different prediction modes；
Specific embodiment
It is preceding to have addressed, the low latency inner frame coding method that the present invention is divided according to band, realizing is not reducing image matter
On the premise of amount, code stream is reduced, and then reduce delay.
Implementation of the invention is illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in fig. 1 it is assumed that following two situations：
1)：Data link transmission is all fixed, (CBR type channels) in whole encoding-decoding process, is not counted in delay.
2)：In Real-time Collection, treatment, Transmission system, it is parallel processing to receive buffering area and decompression process, can be with
Only calculate a time.
Under the coding framework of standard, with frame as elementary cell, then coding/decoding system total delay is analyzed as follows：During collection
Between T1 gather a two field picture needed for time, by taking pal standard as an example, T1=1000/25=40ms.
Scramble time T2：In the case of real-time coding, the time for encoding a two field picture is：T2=40ms.Code stream sends
Time T3：To delayed impact than larger part be send buffering area, set buffering area be to solve the biography of variable code rate code stream
Defeated and storage problem.Buffering area is bigger, can more bear the fluctuation of code check, but the delay for causing is also bigger, and vice versa.With I
As a example by frame coding, the code stream of generation may be full of the 3/4 of a buffering area, thus send buffer delay be generally T3=3 ×
40=120ms, may result in the delay of 140ms~160ms under the extreme case that buffering area is filled.
Code stream receives time T4：To decompress the two field picture of contract drawing first and carry out the time of image data format conversion, here
It is designated as T4=25ms.
Display time T5, sends into display device after decompression, the time for showing a two field picture is T5=40ms.When will be above-mentioned
Between added up, encoding and decoding total delay be T=T1+T2+T3+T4+T5=265ms.
In above-mentioned delay, used as critical frame types, it is maximum that its encoding and decoding postpones to I frames, while to whole encoding and decoding
The contribution of delay is also maximum, therefore reduces the delay in I frame cataloged procedures, and reducing its generation code check will be to postponing to produce weight
The influence wanted.
Need to reduce the delay of coding from collection and two links of coding for this.
Step one：Collection is reduced based on band division to postpone
Fig. 2 is the collection low latency coding dividing mode based on band, reduces collection and postpones, and the division of band should not mistake
It is small, it is also unsuitable excessive；If too small, it will prediction effect during influence coded treatment；If excessive, collection postpones reducing effect
It is unobvious.Interlacing scan and progressive scan will be analyzed respectively below.
With 25 frames of interlacing scan/second, as a example by resolution ratio is for 720 × 576 interlaced video sequence, the line number of each image is
Nframe=576.For standard H.264 and its before, will be with macro block behavior NMB=16 units carry out division band；HEVC is marked
Quasi- teaching materials LCU is that unit divides band, NMB=64.It is analyzed with standard H.264 and its before herein, HEVC standard
Analysis is similar, does not repeat here.NMBComprising pure odd-numbered line or pure even number line, a two field picture has Nalice_MB=Nframe/NMB=
36 bands；It is for the then system delay based on band：One band of collection can be encoded, and be the time required to collection：T1
=40ms/36=1.11ms.In the codec based on band (Slice), the compressed code flow of a two field picture is relatively flat steady,
Buffer size as 1.25~1.5 frame lengths can be set, buffer delay is sent and is generally T3=40ms；The calculating of T2, T4, T5
Method is similar with based on frame coding mode, thus than reducing more than 100ms based on frame code encoding/decoding mode.
By line scans：Band can be divided line by line, or interlacing division.But the present invention is divided using interlacing
Form, NMBOdd-numbered line or even number line are only included, i.e., will be by odd numbers such as the first row, the third line, fifth line for first SLICE
Row is constituted, and second SLICE will be made up of even number lines such as the second row, fourth line, the 6th rows.
Two kinds of band dividing modes in above progressive scan mode, postpone to be more or less the same, and first way is swept with interlacing
Retouch mode identical.The second way will need many bands in collection than first way, be the time required to collection：T1
=(40ms/36) * 2=2.22ms.
It is interlacing scan in view of majority in real-time system, realization analysis below will analyze band with interlacing scan
Divide and coded treatment.
Coding prediction mode specific implementation step based on band is as follows：
In the cataloged procedure of standard, the Predicting Technique of multi-mode is employed, be predicted from multiple angles.H.264 mark
The intraframe prediction algorithm used in standard, the algorithm with 16 × 16 macro block and 4 × 4 block be fundamental forecasting unit, to each in block
O'clock it is predicted on 9 directions.As a example by 4 × 4 pieces, as shown in Fig. 3 left figures, a, b ..., p are current to be predicted piece, surrounding
17 points Q, I ..., P are encoded point.To a-p pointwises, along 0,1 shown in Fig. 3 right figures ..., 8 and direction 2 (DC predictions) totally nine
Individual direction, takes the point in P-Q-H, and predicted value is calculated with appropriate predictor formula, and difference is done with original sample value, difference minimum
Pattern is final predictive mode, finally carries out DCT codings to prediction residual coefficient.
In newest HEVC standard, CU (coding unit), PU (predicting unit), TU (converter unit), three are introduced
New concept.Similar to the macro block concept in H.264/AVC, its size maximum can be 64 × 64 to coding unit；Predicting unit
It is the elementary cell being predicted；Converter unit is the elementary cell for carrying out transform and quantization.Three separation of unit so that become
Change, predict and encode that each processing links is more flexible, also more meet the textural characteristics of video image.The big I of predicting unit
Think 4 × 4,8 × 8,16 × 16,32 × 32,64 × 64, block it is of different sizes, the pattern of prediction is also differed, respectively 17,
34,34,34, and 3 kinds of patterns are optional, as shown in figure 4, unified infra-frame prediction angle is：+/- [0,2,5,9,13,17,21,
26,32]/32, the selection standard of pattern is the same with JVT standards.
There is its intrinsic complexity in these predictive modes, invention introduces it is a kind of as shown in Fig. 5 (B) based on nearest
The hierarchical prediction pattern of pixel, first with Grey Point in black picture element prognostic chart, rest of pixels by encoding after rebuild ash
Color dot carries out second level prediction.And by consensus forecast apart from this concept (i.e. all current pixels and its reference pixel distance
Average value, use DpredRepresent), and standard method is analyzed with the Prediction distance of the inventive method with average distance.
First band that will be gathered first, four sub- bands are divided into by the band of collection, according to interlacing every the mould for arranging
Formula is extracted.Then, one of them sub- band is encoded according to the predictive mode of standard, i.e., by conversion, quantization, entropy
The processing procedures such as coding, obtain reconstruction image.Afterwards, reconstruction image is amplified using the method for bilinear interpolation, to bar
The size of band.Finally, its minor band will be predicted according to the pattern of such as Fig. 5 (B).Here be Prediction distance of the invention and
H.264 the analysis of the Prediction distance of standard.Here theory analysis, the party have been carried out only by taking the vertical prediction mode in standard as an example
Method can similarly be applied to other predictive modes.
If current basic block size to be encoded is 2N × 2N (usual N=2,4,8,16 ...), DI, jDenotation coordination for (i,
J) the distance between pixel and its reference pixel, the consensus forecast of the data block is apart from DpredCan try to achieve as follows.
The Prediction distance D of single column of pixels is calculated firstcol：
Total Prediction distance D of data blocktotal, it is each row Prediction distance sum：
Fig. 5 (A) is infra-frame prediction vertical mode H.264, and the Prediction distance of the pattern similarly hereinafter a line all pixels is equal,
That is Di=i, the numeral marked in current pixel point in figure is the Prediction distance of the point, therefore the data block all pixels is flat
Equal Prediction distance Dpred_AFor：
The arrow mark reference image vegetarian refreshments of each pixel, with Fig. 5 (A) identical in Fig. 5 (B), its one-level pixel it is pre-
Find range and determined with a distance from by it with reference pixel；By the institute of second level prediction a little draws by adjacent point prediction, therefore
Prediction distance is 1.
The consensus forecast distance of the inventive method is calculated as follows：First, first order Prediction distance Dlevel_1It is N in the first order
Row pixel Prediction distance summation：
It is interlacing pre- every row due to what is taken in first order prediction
Survey, so the Prediction distance D of each of which row pixelcol_j=1+3+ ...+2N-1, substituting into above formula can obtain：
Second level Prediction distance Dlevel_2For the institute a little (common 2N) that first order prediction is obtained each distinguishes corresponding three
The Prediction distance sum of individual two grades of future positions, i.e. Dlevel_2=2N × 3.
Therefore, using the Prediction distance D of the whole prediction pixel block of method shown in B figurestotal_BFor：
Dtotal_B=Dltvel_1+Dlevel_2=N3+6N
Consensus forecast is apart from Dpred_BFor：
It is D to make λpred_A’Dpred_BBoth ratios, it can be deduced that：
Above formula shows Dpred_A’Dpred_BBoth have the gap of several times or so, and N values are bigger, and gap is bigger.
Contrast (2) and (3) are as can be seen that hierarchical prediction method significantly reduces consensus forecast distance.For 4x4 sizes
Prediction block (N=2), D can be calculatedpred_A=2.5, Dpred_B=1.25, both differ one times；For 16x16 so compared with
Big prediction block (N=8), the consensus forecast distance respectively 8.5 and 2.2 of two methods, compared with H.264 method, based on most
The hierarchical prediction method consensus forecast distance of nearly pixel declines nearly 75%, and advantage is more obvious.
Performance evaluation
H.264 standard baseline profile are realized using the inventive method, are tested and with canonical algorithm knot
Fruit compares.To recovering picture quality, the present invention is still using traditional Y-PSNR (PSNR) as measurement index.By adjusting
Integral quantization parameter, measures each sequence corresponding coding digit when canonical algorithm and the present invention are in identical PSNR (dB) value respectively
(Kb/frame).For cycle tests, the present invention have selected the coastguard of motion intense, geo-stationary from Cif sequences
Mother, the complicated flower of texture, test result is as shown in table 1.
The inventive algorithm of table 1 and canonical algorithm test result compare
Claims (4)
1. it is a kind of based on band divide low latency inner frame coding method, it is characterised in that：
Step one：Video acquisition is carried out in units of band, input picture is divided into several bands is acquired to reduce
Collection postpones, and the wherein determination of stripe size is related to the size of basic coding unit in the video encoding standard for being used, if
The number of scanning lines of one two field picture is Nframe, NbcuRepresent the number of lines of pixels that the basic coding unit is included, Nslice_bcuRepresent
Number of lines of pixels in each band, the band is with NbcuMultiple band division, N are carried out to a two field picture for unitslice_bcu
=α × β × Nbcu, to postpone adjusting parameter, β is resolution adjustment parameter to wherein parameter alpha, and α and β are positive integer；
Step 2：Coding is predicted in units of band, to improve precision of prediction, to band using interlacing and/or every row side
Formula is extracted, and is further divided into many sub- bands；Above-mentioned many sub- bands are predicted volume according to following 2 kinds of modes
Code：First using a sub- band in the multiple sub- band as substantially sub- band, directly using the video encoding standard
The Forecasting Methodology of regulation is encoded, and encoding code stream is directly entered output buffer, and is transferred to decoding end and is decoded；Its
It is secondary, the code stream after the substantially sub- band coding is rebuild, and interpolation amplification treatment is carried out to reconstruction image, it is amplified to
Resolution ratio with the band is identical, the interpolation image for obtaining as other sub- bands prognostic chart picture；3rd, if for remaining
A dry sub- band, in an encoding process according to the prognostic chart picture using correspondence position point directly ask it is poor by the way of be predicted,
The residual error data that coding is obtained；In image decoding, described remaining some sub- band are amplified using the reconstruction of substantially sub- band
Image is recovered as prognostic chart picture, it is to avoid interpolation processing repeatedly.
2. inner frame coding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Band divides relevant with coding standard, for
H.264 coding standard, the basic coding unit is macro block, for HEVC coding standards, the basic coding unit be CU or
LCU。
3. inner frame coding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：To reduce the code stream difference between I frames and P frames,
Make the compressed code flow trim of every two field picture, the type to input picture judges, if input picture is I frames, the bar of division
Band will all use intraframe coding, if input picture is P two field pictures, a band in P two field pictures uses Intra coding staffs
Formula, remaining band is still encoded using the Inter of original P frames.
4. inner frame coding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Just encoded after a band has been gathered,
Postponed with reducing collection.
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| CN111064962B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-02-15 | 广州市奥威亚电子科技有限公司 | Video transmission system and method |
| TWI749676B (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2021-12-11 | 緯創資通股份有限公司 | Image quality assessment apparatus and image quality assessment method thereof |
| TWI743919B (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2021-10-21 | 緯創資通股份有限公司 | Video processing apparatus and processing method of video stream |
| CN112040246B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-03-04 | 西安迪威码半导体有限公司 | Low-delay low-complexity fixed code rate control method |
| CN112040235B (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-16 | 北京金山云网络技术有限公司 | Video resource encoding method and device and video resource decoding method and device |
| WO2023230933A1 (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-12-07 | 上海玄戒技术有限公司 | Image compression method and apparatus, electronic device, chip and storage medium |
| CN117041599B (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2024-07-23 | 重庆邮电大学 | HEVC-VPCC-based intra-frame rapid coding method and system |
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| CN101150719A (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2008-03-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Parallel video coding method and device |
| CN101184244A (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2008-05-21 | 北京数码视讯科技股份有限公司 | Video coding method and system |
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| CN101184244A (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2008-05-21 | 北京数码视讯科技股份有限公司 | Video coding method and system |
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