CN103915594B - A kind of low ionic resistance high-temperature-reslithium lithium battery coated separator - Google Patents
A kind of low ionic resistance high-temperature-reslithium lithium battery coated separator Download PDFInfo
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- CN103915594B CN103915594B CN201410160804.8A CN201410160804A CN103915594B CN 103915594 B CN103915594 B CN 103915594B CN 201410160804 A CN201410160804 A CN 201410160804A CN 103915594 B CN103915594 B CN 103915594B
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- preparation technology
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- barrier film
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of preparation technology of low ionic resistance high-temperature-reslithium lithium battery coated separator, technique is simple, the lithium compound being directly added into mixing procedure has synthesized the high-molecular compound containing lithium with organic acid bonding agent, the surface state of ceramic powder material is improved simultaneously, the lithium ion conducting rate of coated separator is improved.So the ceramic-coated separator prepared by this technique has high temperature resistant, the advantage of low ionic resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation technology of low ionic resistance high-temperature-reslithium lithium battery coated separator, pass through the work of the present invention
Ceramic-coated separator prepared by skill has high temperature resistant, the advantage of low ionic resistance, using the lithium ion of the ceramic-coated separator
Battery has excellent high temperature safety, solves current lithium ion battery, especially high energy lithium ion cell in abuse bar
Thermal runaway under part and it is on fire from explosion the problem of, and while lithium battery thermal runaway security is improved, also improve battery
Cycle performance and power characteristic.
Technical background
Lithium ion battery obtained swift and violent development in nearly twenties years, in portable communications and consumer electronics field
Traditional Ni-MH battery, nickel-cadmium cell are instead of completely.In power vehicle, energy storage, Aero-Space, electronic toy and electric tool
Deng field, lithium ion battery also causes great concern, and has started preliminary application.
With respect to other conventional batteries, although lithium ion battery is very superior on chemical property, and with pollution-free,
The advantage of environmental protection, application field is more and more extensive, but because lithium ion battery energy density is high, and used inflammable easy
, easily there is accident on fire from explosion caused by thermal runaway under extreme condition or abuse conditions in quick-fried organic electrolyte, lithium from
The improvement of sub- cell safety characteristic has become the major lithium ion manufacturer focus of attention in the world.
At present, the common scheme for solving lithium ion battery heat-resisting safety has following several：
(a) in cathode pole piece surface coated with nano refractory ceramics porous coating.
(b) in anode pole piece surface coated with nano refractory ceramics porous coating.
(c) routinely with polyalkene diaphragm surface coated with nano refractory ceramics porous coating.
(d) resistant to elevated temperatures polyimides is used, non-woven fabrics, high-temperature fibre barrier film is used as lithium ion battery separator.
(e) resistant to elevated temperatures inorganic powder material is added in the production process of conventional polyolefin barrier film, is embedded into polyolefin
In diaphragm material structure.
PANASONIC Battery Company coats one layer of 1-2um alumina insulation on the cathode pole piece surface of 18650 type batteries
Coating, starts batch application into production, such a technique is improved after explosive combustion accident occurs in Sony Notebook Battery
The difficulty of cathode pole piece coating, and if negative pole dust releasing occurs in cathode pole piece, because cathode coating material is graphite, second
The conductive powder materials such as acetylene black, are embedded into the insulating properties that aluminum oxide coating layer is then destroyed in aluminum oxide coating layer after coming off.Equally
Also there is the risk of similar failure in positive electrode surface coating alumina insulating coating.
Chinese patent CN102544414A discloses one kind by the way that nano alumina powder is added in polymer, using friendship
The mode of connection, makes nano alumina powder be well bonded with polymer, then by extrusion, after slab, and stretching turns into thin
Membrane material, aluminum oxide is the inorganic powder material of polarity, and the polyolefin polymer that polyalkene diaphragm is used is HMW
Non-polar material, in the fusion process of extruder, very significantly, nanometer ceramic alumina powder is molten in polymer for the viscosity of melt
It is difficult to be uniformly dispersed in body, is easily caused without being uniformly dispersed in slab stretching process than larger defect.
Coated relative to both positive and negative polarity pole piece and the process routes such as nano aluminium oxide are added in diaphragm matrix, in barrier film
Surface coats refractory ceramics coating, and technique is more simple, and matrix material is poly- with excellent electron insulation characterisitic in itself
Olefin material or non-conductive fibre class material, the control of coating procedure are more easy, can also better ensure that the high electronics of coating is exhausted
Edge performance.Goldschmidt chemical corporation is that ceramic material is coated onto to one of producer of matrix membrane material, patent CN1679183A documents earliest
A kind of production method of frivolous ceramic-coated separator is proposed, the invention is simply being set from the thickness of coating and the angle of surface density
Coated separator is counted, technics comparing is complicated, and crackle extremely easily occurs using the ceramic coating of this production technology, drops off
Defect, and porosity is difficult to control to.In recent years, multiple producers develop on barrier film coating processes both at home and abroad, solve
Adhesive force of having determined is low, barrier film thermal contraction it is big the shortcomings of, but due to the coating of ceramic material, improve the same of barrier film heat-resistant quality
When, the porosity of septum body material is reduced, the ionic resistance of barrier film is improved.The circulation longevity that is having or even reducing battery
Life.
One key name of Hyundai automobile application for the crosslinking ceramic-coated separator of ion-containing polymer preparation technology (in
State's number of patent application 200910221928.1) ionomer is used as the bonding agent of ceramic coating, to be needed after coating
Coating, which is handled, with the mode of crosslinking can just make have relatively good adhesive force between coating and matrix.Complex process,
The improvement using ionomer to barrier film ionic resistance is not referred in invention yet, and the introducing of some metal cations can also
Cause the cracking of membrane properties, such as Fe ions, the variable valency metal ionses such as Mn ions are aoxidized in lithium-ion battery system
Reduction reaction, causes battery performance to decline.
The content of the invention
The present invention is high with water-soluble organic acid class by adding a certain proportion of lithium-containing compound in barrier film coating paste
Acid-base neutralization reaction generation, which occurs, for molecule water-soluble organolithium high-molecular compound, while some lithium-containing compounds and ceramic powder
The part lithium-containing compound on inorganic compound of the body surface production containing lithium, these lithium organic compounds and ceramic powder surface is improved
Dispersal ability of the lithium ion in barrier film coating.Simultaneously by controlling the granule-morphology of nano-ceramic powder, slurry glues
Degree, coating/basement membrane thickness ratio, effectively while barrier film high high-temp stability is improved, improve the lithium of ceramic coating from
Sub- diffusivity, reduces internal battery impedance.
The low ionic resistance high-temperature-reslithium lithium battery coated separator preparation technology of the present invention comprises the following steps：
(a) it is by high speed dispersor or speed lapping equipment that nano-ceramic powder material is scattered in aqueous.
(b) by after lithium-containing compound is well mixed with water-soluble organic acid family macromolecule solution, with being obtained in step (a)
Nano-ceramic powder aqueous dispersion it is scattered at a high speed again.
(c) by adding solution viscosity prepared in thickener regulation (b) to 500-1500 lis of ripple, that is, barrier film painting is obtained
The slurry of layer.
(d) slurry obtained by step (c) is coated on diaphragm matrix material and is dried as coating apparatus, i.e.,
Obtain the high-temperaure coating barrier film of low ionic resistance.
Described nano-ceramic powder material is aluminum oxide, aluminium nitride, hexagonal boron nitride, cubic boron nitride, magnesia, nitrogen
Change one or more kinds of mixtures in magnesium.
There is the one or two kinds of base in carboxylic acid group and sulfonic group in described water-soluble organic acid family macromolecule solution
Group.
The range of solid content of described water-soluble organic acid family macromolecule solution is 20%-50wt%.
The coating of described high-temperaure coating barrier film, it is characterised in that its thickness range is diaphragm matrix material average thickness
25%-70%.
The average grain diameter of described nano-ceramic powder material is the 40%-80% of coating design thickness.
Described nano-ceramic powder, it is characterised in that the draw ratio of ceramic particle is more than 1.5.
Described lithium-containing compound is lithium carbonate, one of two kinds of compounds of lithium hydroxide, or the mixture of the two.
Described thickener, it is characterised in that thickener is one in cellulose family, polyacrylic high molecular polymer
Kind or two kinds of mixture.
Described diaphragm matrix material is porous polyolefin membrane, or non-woven fabrics, polyimide film, chemical fibre film, and it is special
Levy and be that porosity is more than 43%.
Described water soluble polymer organic acid bonding agent, it is characterised in that its viscosity average molecular weigh is more than 20000.
A kind of anti-refractory ceramics lithium battery coated separator of low-resistance ion, it is prepared by above-mentioned processing step.
The present invention is to be based on increasing lithium ion content in the coating, and the compound of lithium is added to the macromolecule of organic acid
In polymer bonding agent solution, production contain a certain proportion of compound containing lithium macromolecule, while also with ceramic powder particle table
Face forms one layer of inorganic lithium ionic compound, when the coated separator containing this lithium-containing compound is used in lithium ion battery
When, ionization is carried out in the electrolytic solution and generates ionic group, the ability that lithium ion shuttles in barrier film is improved, so as to reduce
The ionic resistance of barrier film.
It is the detailed description of some features of some embodiments to the present invention below with reference to diagram in accompanying drawing, it is not right
Any limitation is carried out in the scope of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the surface sweeping electron microscope of the basement membrane used in the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of coated separator of the present invention.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, the embodiment (hereinafter referred to as " embodiment ") on the present invention is described in detail.And this
Invention is not limited to the restriction of following embodiments, and various modifications can be done in the range of main points.
Embodiment 1：
Prepare basement membrane thickness 16um as steps described below, coating layer thickness 4um low ionic resistance high temperature resistant one side coating every
Film.
(a) 8kg nano alumina powder is weighed, nano alumina powder average grain diameter D50 is 800nm, is added to 7kg pure
In water, 30min, 1500 revs/min of rotating speed are disperseed using high speed dispersor.Obtain nano alumina in high purity water slurry.
(b) weigh 14.87g anhydrous lithium hydroxides to be dissolved into 200g water, then by resulting lithium hydroxide aqueous solution
Mix, rotating speed is 1000rpm, stir 2 hours for 25% polyacrylic acid adhesive with 1.35kg solid contents, form steady
Fixed contains Lithium acrylate polymer solution.Nano alumina in high purity water slurry is mixed with the polymer solution containing Lithium acrylate
Together, it is sanded 10 times with sand mill, the sand milling technique of sand mill is：800 revs/min of sand mill rotating speed；The sand of sand mill
Grind a diameter of 0.8mm of pearl；Filling proportion 70%.
(c) adding proportion is the agent for polyacrylic acid thickening that concentration is 25%, and the viscosity of the slurry after above-mentioned sand milling is adjusted
Whole to 1000 lis ripples.Using high speed dispersor that gained slurry normal temperature is scattered 5-6 hours, dispersing technology is：Rotating speed 1500rpm.
(d) above-mentioned slurry is coated to thickness for 16um by gravure coater, porosity is thin for 43% polyethylene
On film matrix, coating thickness is 4um, and low ionic resistance high temperature resistant one side coated separator is obtained after 60 DEG C dry.
Embodiment 2
Basement membrane thickness is prepared as steps described below for 16um, and one-sided coatings thickness is the 2um low ionic resistance of coated on both sides
High-temperature-reslithium lithium battery coated separator.
(a) (b) (c), first three step and embodiment 1 are same.
(d) above-mentioned worth slurry is coated to thickness for 16um, hole by above-mentioned slurry by immersion coating method
Rate is on 43% polyethylene film matrix, one-sided coatings thickness is 2um, and low ionic resistance high temperature resistant is obtained after oven for drying
Coated on both sides barrier film.
Embodiment 3
Basement membrane thickness is prepared as steps described below for 16um, and coating layer thickness resists resistance to height for 4um coated on both sides low-resistance ion
Warm barrier film.
(a) nano alumina powder for using configuration slurry is replaced by the alumina powder that average grain diameter D50 is 1.6um, matches somebody with somebody
Put ratio and technique be the same as Example 1.
(b) the technique be the same as Example 1. of (c) (d)
Comparative example 1
Basement membrane thickness is prepared as steps described below for 16um, and coating layer thickness is 4um one side coating high-temperature-resistant membrane.
Without anhydrous lithium hydroxide compound in step (b), using only the polyacrylic acid gluing that solid content is 25%
Agent, other steps and embodiment 1 are same.
Test analysis is carried out to the coated film obtained in above-described embodiment, analysis method is as follows with result：
(1) SEM ESEMs surface analysis
Coating surface after the stereoscan photograph (see Fig. 1) on the base film surface in embodiment 1 and coating is carried out
Surface sweeping electromicroscopic photograph (see Fig. 2) compares analysis, and membrane surface is interlocked in fiber, and the aperture size for the aperture being interwoven is in 100-
Between 200nm, these spaces just constitute the passage of lithium ion shuttle.In electromicroscopic photograph (Fig. 2) after application, membrane surface
One layer of aluminum oxide coating layer is attached to, irregular shape is presented in the particle of aluminum oxide, and mean particle size is about 800nm, particle
Between equally also form many holes gap pore space structure.These irregular alumina particles, draw ratio is bigger, is more easier
Construct more space hole.
(2) porosity is tested
Using the porosity of the full-automatic mercury injection apparatus measuring diaphragms of U.S. health tower PoreMaster.
(3) air permeability (test of Gurley values)
At room temperature, it is flat by 1.0 using Gurley permeating degree testers (Gurley-4110N types) test 100ml gases
The time (second) of the circular surface of super superficial is the gas permeability value of barrier film.
(4) thermal contraction
Size is cut according to barrier film machine direction (Machine Direction) and TD (Transverse Direction)
For 12cm*10cm rectangle diaphragm membrane, the long side of rectangle parallel to barrier film MD directions, narrow side parallel to barrier film TD directions,
Temperature is put into be set as placing one hour in 130 DEG C of baking oven.Take out the length (L) and width (W) of measurement thin film membrane
Numerical value.Then：
MD directions thermal contraction=L/12 × 100%
TD directions thermal contraction=W/10 × 100%
(5) ionic conductivity
Use the method for AC impedance to measure the conductivity at room temperature σ (unit is Sem-1) of composite coating barrier film, adopt
Metal copper electrode is used, resistance of the barrier film in 1Mol LiPF6 EC/DMC/EMC (volume ratio 1: 1: 1) electrolyte is first tested out
R, the thickness of barrier film is d, and the area of electrode is S, then
Table 1 is contrasted to some main performances of coated separator prepared in above-described embodiment.Can be with from table
Find out that there is higher ionic conductivity and high temperature resistant shrinkage, the barrier film of coated on both sides using the coated separator of the present invention
High temperature resistant shrinkage be better than signal layer coating barrier film.The hole of the coated separator prepared using the larger alumina powder of average grain diameter
The gap rate aluminum oxide coating layer barrier film small higher than average grain diameter.
Table 1 is the performance comparison of prepared coated separator in embodiment.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of preparation technology of the high-temperature-reslithium lithium battery coated separator of low ionic resistance, it is characterised in that the preparation of the barrier film
Comprise the following steps：
(a) it is by high speed dispersor or speed lapping equipment that nano-ceramic powder material is scattered in aqueous；
(b) by after lithium-containing compound is well mixed with water-soluble organic acid family macromolecule solution, with receiving for being obtained in step (a)
Rice ceramic powder aqueous dispersion is scattered at a high speed again；
(c) by adding solution viscosity prepared in thickener regulation (b) to 500-1500 lis of ripple, that is, barrier film coating use is obtained
Slurry；
(d) slurry obtained by step (c) is coated on diaphragm matrix material and is dried as coating apparatus, that is, obtained
The high-temperaure coating barrier film of low ionic resistance；
Wherein, described lithium-containing compound is lithium carbonate, one of two kinds of compounds of lithium hydroxide, or the mixture of the two.
2. preparation technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the nano-ceramic powder material described in step (a) is
One or more kinds of mixing in aluminum oxide, aluminium nitride, hexagonal boron nitride, cubic boron nitride, magnesia, magnesium nitride
Thing.
3. preparation technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the water-soluble organic acid family macromolecule described in step (b)
There is the one or two kinds of group in carboxylic acid group and sulfonic group in solution.
4. preparation technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the water-soluble organic acid family macromolecule described in step (b)
The range of solid content of solution is 20%-50wt%.
5. preparation technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the coating of the high-temperaure coating barrier film described in step (d)
Thickness range be diaphragm matrix material average thickness 25%-70%.
6. preparation technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the average grain diameter of described nano-ceramic powder material is
The 40%-80% of coating design thickness.
7. preparation technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the major diameter of the ceramic particle of described nano-ceramic powder
Than more than 1.5.
8. preparation technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickener described in step (c) is cellulose family, poly- third
One kind or two kinds of mixture in olefin(e) acid family macromolecule polymer.
9. preparation technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the diaphragm matrix material described in step (d) is porous poly-
Alkene film, or non-woven fabrics, polyimide film, chemical fibre film, the porosity of described diaphragm matrix material are more than 43%.
10. preparation technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the water-soluble organic acid family macromolecule described in step (b)
The viscosity average molecular weigh of solution is more than 20000.
11. a kind of low ionic resistance high-temperature-reslithium lithium battery coated separator, it is prepared by the technique described in claim 1.
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105206783B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-08-31 | 江西师范大学 | Compound many curved hole membrane material that boron nitride particle is filled and its preparation method and application |
| CN105064001B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-07-11 | 江西先材纳米纤维科技有限公司 | Compound many curved hole membrane materials of silicon nitride particle filling and its preparation method and application |
| US11411281B2 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2022-08-09 | Shanghai DINHO New Material Technology Co., Ltd. | Multi-layered composite functional separator for lithium-ion battery |
| CN108011066A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-05-08 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of high performance lithium ion battery membrane |
| CN110660993B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2021-02-09 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Negative pole piece, preparation method thereof and electrochemical device |
| CN109384417B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-05-25 | 上海维凯光电新材料有限公司 | High-temperature-resistance ceramic slurry composition for wet-process diaphragm coating of lithium battery |
| CN110165121A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-08-23 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | A kind of mixed preparation method for applying diaphragm of high performance lithium ion battery |
| CN110400898B (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2021-01-15 | 上海大学 | Lithium battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof |
| CN110620206A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-27 | 溧阳天目先导电池材料科技有限公司 | High-temperature-resistant composite diaphragm, preparation method thereof and lithium battery |
| CN111900315B (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2021-10-22 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Ceramic diaphragm with double-sided coating material coating and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN102437302A (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-05-02 | 东莞市比比克电子科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery diaphragm and high temperature thermal-stable lithium ion battery |
| CN103571420A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-12 | 中国海诚工程科技股份有限公司 | Adhesive for ceramic membrane coating of lithium ion battery and preparation method of adhesive |
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| US9093710B2 (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2015-07-28 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions, layerings, electrodes and methods for making |
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| CN101989651A (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-03-23 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Method for preparing cross-linked ceramic-coated separator containing ionic polymer, ceramic-coated separator prepared by the method, and lithium secondary battery using the same |
| CN102437302A (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-05-02 | 东莞市比比克电子科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery diaphragm and high temperature thermal-stable lithium ion battery |
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