CN103913407B - A kind of unsaturated soil gas permeability measuring method based on soil triaxial apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of unsaturated soil gas permeability measuring method based on soil triaxial apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103913407B CN103913407B CN201310733764.7A CN201310733764A CN103913407B CN 103913407 B CN103913407 B CN 103913407B CN 201310733764 A CN201310733764 A CN 201310733764A CN 103913407 B CN103913407 B CN 103913407B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of unsaturated soil gas permeability measuring method based on soil triaxial apparatus, additional gas pressures and mass flow meter based on triaxial apparatus, it is possible to realizes unsaturated soil gas permeability and measures；This measuring method is according to principle of bleeding, apply less confined pressure and can be realized as the sealing of sample hoop side, reduce confined pressure and sample aperture gap structure affected this measuring method based on triaxial apparatus, the measurement of gas permeability can not only be realized, the Changing Pattern of unsaturated soil pore structure under tri-axial test condition can also be studied, it is achieved stress, strain and gas permeability synchro measure under tri-axial test condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the test of rock-soil material gas permeability, be particularly useful for rock-soil material gas permeability real
Test room test excellent.
Background technology
Rock-soil material is generally porous media, and permeability is one of its fundamental property.Rock-soil material infiltration at present
The permeating medium that rate is measured according to choosing is distinguished, and can be divided into liquid, gas two class, corresponding method of testing
It is respectively hydraulic pressure, air pressure method of testing.Employing liquid is as permeating medium, owing to liquid viscosity is much larger than gas,
Same measurement object being measured desirable pressure relatively big, reach MPa magnitude, higher pore pressure can change material
Micropore structure.Easily and sample generation physics chemical action is measured as permeating medium using liquid, special
It is not hydrophilic medium, such as bentonite.And using gas as permeating medium, the general malleation measuring principle that uses,
For ensureing the sideways sealing of sample ring, it is desirable to apply confined pressure more than measuring and use malleation value, at least need
Reach 0.1-0.2MPa, and the comprcssive strength of unsaturated soil is usually no more than 1MPa magnitude, bigger confined pressure meeting
Change the initial apertures gap structure measuring sample, cause bigger test error.
Present invention unsaturated soil gas permeability measuring method based on soil triaxial apparatus, attached based on triaxial apparatus
Add gas pressure and mass flow meter, it is possible to realize unsaturated soil gas permeability and measure；This measurement
Method, according to principle of bleeding, applies less confined pressure and can be realized as the sealing of sample hoop side, reduce confined pressure
Impact on sample aperture gap structure；This method, based on triaxial apparatus, can not only realize gas permeability
Measure, moreover it is possible to the Changing Pattern of unsaturated soil pore structure under research tri-axial test condition, it is achieved triaxial tests bar
Stress, strain and gas permeability synchro measure under part；This device by soil triaxial apparatus based on, additional gas
Permeability test system, the most effectively.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: the unsaturated soil gas permeability based on soil triaxial apparatus that this method provides is surveyed
Metering method, is achieved under additional gas pressures and mass flow meter based on triaxial apparatus.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of unsaturated soil gas permeability based on soil triaxial apparatus is surveyed
Metering method:
The structure of triaxial apparatus is: the upper top of the sample wearing sealing rubber cover being fixed in triaxial chamber on base with
Go to the bottom and be respectively provided with high osmosis permeable stone, the upper uniform loading in the top axle rising permeability prime water stone with add
Carrying cushion block, the pipeline of the high osmosis permeable stone gone to the bottom connects the pipeline of intake valve；Left side in base member case
Laying the pipeline of connection triaxial chamber and water intaking valve, the outlet valve of connection triaxial chamber is laid on the right side in base member case
Pipeline；Connection triaxial chamber base member case in right side lay connect on rise permeability prime water stone with successively
Connect the pipeline of air outlet valve, desiccant device, filter；Pipe between air outlet valve and desiccant device
Gas pressure transmitter is set on line and connects data collecting system；A uniform arm on the filter connects the
Two gas valves and the first gas mass flow controller, another arm connects the first gas valve and the second gas
Weight flow controller；Is arranged on pipeline between the first gas mass flow controller and vacuum pump
Three gas valves, the pipeline between the second gas mass flow controller and vacuum pump arranges the 3rd gas
Valve, arranges the 4th gas valve on the pipeline connected between the 3rd gas valve and vacuum pump；Wherein go here and there
The first gas mass flow controller of joining, effusion meter Parallel Data line, the second gas mass flow control
The connection data collecting system of device；
This measuring method implements step:
1) sample wearing sealing rubber cover is fixed on the base in triaxial chamber, is wearing the examination of sealing rubber cover
The upper top of sample, laying high osmosis permeable stone respectively of going to the bottom；
2) top at the high osmosis permeable stone on upper top arrange loading cushion block, load axle, wherein load axle and
Triaxial chamber is arranged on triaxial apparatus；
3) opening water intaking valve to triaxial chamber water filling, until filling it up with closedown water intaking valve, applying the confined pressure of 30-50kPa；
4) the first gas mass flow controller or the second gas mass flow controller are preheated, time 20min,
And tune-up data acquisition system；
5) opening vacuum pump, regulation the 3rd gas valve is to maximum, and arranges the first gas mass flow control
Device processed or the second gas mass flow controller range, slowly regulation the second gas valve or the first gas valve,
Measure, make flow reach the 0.2% of effusion meter range；
6) slowly open air outlet valve to measure, after effusion meter and pressure measurement data Simultaneous Stabilization, record data；
7), after closing air outlet valve, the second gas valve or the first gas valve, the 3rd gas valve successively, close
Close vacuum pump, then open the 4th gas valve, after making pressure against the ends balance with atmospheric pressure, turn off the 4th gas
Body valve；
8) formula (1) is utilized to calculate gas permeability
In formula (1), QscIt is the gas mass flow under standard state, m3/s；K be sample and two pieces thoroughly
The effective gas permeability of water stone composition system, m2；μ is gas viscosity, Pa s；H=H1+2H2, H1It it is examination
Sample height, H2Permeable stone height, m；A is that specimen cross section amasss, m2；pscIt is calibrating gas pressure, Pa；Tsc
Being standard state temperature, 273K, T are measuring state temperature, K；p1It is atmospheric pressure, Pa；p0It it is examination
Sample upper surface measures gas pressure, Pa, p0<p1；
9) formula (2) is utilized
In formula, ksIt is sample air permeability, m2；ktIt is permeable stone gas permeability, uses this measurement side
Method is obtained by formula (1), m2；
Obtain sample air permeability.
The principle of the present invention and effect: use principle of bleeding, only apply less confined pressure and ensure that sample side
Face seal effect, reduces the confined pressure impact on sample aperture gap structure.Unsaturated soil measuring gas permebility system
System, vacuum pump is for bleeding from measurement sample；Gas valve is used for controlling gas flow direction and flow is big
Little；Gas mass flow controller is bled from test object with fixing gas mass flow in experiment；
Desiccant and filter, make by the gas drying of gas mass flow controller, pure；Gas pressure becomes
Send device for measuring sample upper surface gas pressure；Data collecting system, is used for gathering gas mass flow control
Device processed and the measurement data of pressure transmitter；Soil triaxial apparatus is for applying confined pressure and axial compression to sample, it is provided that axle
To gas measurement passageway；High osmosis permeable stone, reduces and measures sample upper and lower surface local pressure gradient, inspection
Survey rate of precision significantly improves, and shows technological progress.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the structure of the device implementing unsaturated soil gas permeability measuring method based on soil triaxial apparatus is shown
It is intended to.
As shown in Figure 1: 1-water intaking valve, 2-outlet valve, 3-intake valve, 4-air outlet valve, 5-desiccant device,
6-filter, 7-the first gas valve, 8-the second gas valve, 9-the first gas mass flow controller,
10-the second gas mass flow controller, 11-the 3rd gas valve, 12-the 4th gas valve, 13-vacuum
Pump, 14-effusion meter Parallel Data line, 15-gas pressure transmitter, 16-data collecting system, 17-load
Axle, 18-high osmosis permeable stone, 19-load cushion block, 20-triaxial chamber, 21-wear sealing rubber cover sample,
22-base.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of unsaturated soil gas permeability measuring method based on soil triaxial apparatus:
The structure of triaxial apparatus is: be fixed in the sample 21 wearing sealing rubber cover on base 22 in triaxial chamber 20
Upper top be respectively provided with high osmosis permeable stone 18 with going to the bottom, equal at the upper top rising permeability prime water stone 18
Cloth loads axle 17 and loads cushion block 19, and the pipeline of the high osmosis permeable stone 18 gone to the bottom connects intake valve 3
Pipeline；The pipeline of connection triaxial chamber 20 and water intaking valve 1 is laid in left side in base member case, in base member case
The pipeline of the outlet valve 2 of connection triaxial chamber 20 is laid on right side；The right side in the base member case of connection triaxial chamber 20
Side lay connect rise permeability prime water stone 18 be sequentially connected in series air outlet valve 4, desiccant device 5, mistake
The pipeline of filter 6；On pipeline between air outlet valve 4 and desiccant device 5, gas pressure transmitter is set
15 connect data collecting system 16；The arm being distributed on filter 6 connects the second gas valve 8 and
One gas mass flow controller 9, another arm connects the first gas valve 7 and the second gas mass flow control
Device 10 processed；On pipeline between the first gas mass flow controller 9 and vacuum pump 13, the 3rd gas is set
Valve 11, the pipeline between the second gas mass flow controller 10 and vacuum pump 13 arranges the 3rd gas
Body valve 11, arranges the 4th gas trap on the pipeline connected between the 3rd gas valve 11 and vacuum pump 13
Door 12；The first gas mass flow controller 9 that series therein, effusion meter Parallel Data line 14, second
The connection data collecting system 16 of gas mass flow controller 10；
This measuring method implements step:
1) sample 21 wearing sealing rubber cover is fixed on the base 22 in triaxial chamber 20, is wearing sealing rubber
The upper top of the sample 21 of gum cover, laying high osmosis permeable stone 18 respectively of going to the bottom；
2) top at the high osmosis permeable stone 18 on upper top arranges loading cushion block 19, loads axle 17, wherein
Load axle 17 and triaxial chamber 20 is arranged on triaxial apparatus；
3) opening water intaking valve 1 to triaxial chamber water filling, until filling it up with closedown water intaking valve 1, applying 30-50kPa's
Confined pressure；
4) preheated for the first gas mass flow controller 9 or the second gas mass flow controller 10, time
20min, and tune-up data acquisition system 16；
5) open vacuum pump 13, regulate the 3rd gas valve 11 to maximum, and the first gas mass flow is set
Amount controller 9 or the second gas mass flow controller 10 range, slowly regulation the second gas valve 8 or the
One gas valve 7, measures, and makes flow reach the 0.2% of effusion meter range；
6) slowly open air outlet valve 4 to measure, after effusion meter and pressure measurement data Simultaneous Stabilization, record number
According to；
7) air outlet valve the 4, second gas valve 8 or the first gas valve the 7, the 3rd gas valve 11 are closed successively
After, close vacuum pump, then open the 4th gas valve 12, after making pressure against the ends balance with atmospheric pressure, then close
Close the 4th gas valve 12；
8) formula (1) is utilized to calculate gas permeability
In formula (1), QscIt is the gas mass flow under standard state, m3/s；K be sample and two pieces thoroughly
The effective gas permeability of water stone composition system, m2；μ is gas viscosity, Pa s；H=H1+2H2, H1It it is examination
Sample height, H2Permeable stone height, m；A is that specimen cross section amasss, m2；pscIt is calibrating gas pressure, Pa；Tsc
Being standard state temperature, 273K, T are measuring state temperature, K；p1It is atmospheric pressure, Pa；p0It it is examination
Sample upper surface measures gas pressure, Pa, p0<p1；
9) formula (2) is utilized
In formula (2), ksIt is sample air permeability, m2；ktIt is permeable stone gas permeability, uses this
Measuring method is obtained by formula (1), m2；
Obtain sample air permeability.
A kind of device implementing unsaturated soil gas permeability measuring method based on soil triaxial apparatus: by water intaking valve
1, outlet valve 2, intake valve 3, air outlet valve 4, desiccant device 5, filter the 6, first gas valve 7,
Second gas valve the 8, first gas mass flow controller the 9, second gas mass flow controller 10,
Three gas valve the 11, the 4th gas valves 12, vacuum pump 13, effusion meter Parallel Data line 14, gas pressure
Power transmitter 15, data collecting system 16, loading axle 17, high osmosis permeable stone 18, loading cushion block 19
Triaxial chamber 20, wear the sample 21 of sealing rubber cover, base 22 is constituted, the gas mass flow control wherein selected
The specification of device processed is 5SLM and 0.5SLM；The power of vacuum pump is 2.5L/s；Gas pressure transmitter range
For 0.001-10kPa.
Two, the structure explanation of this measurement apparatus:
In accompanying drawing, arrow represents measurement gas flow direction.
The triaxial apparatus being fixed in base member case includes loading axle 17, high osmosis permeable stone 18, loading cushion block 19
Triaxial chamber 20, wear the sample 21 of sealing rubber cover, base 22.
The upper top of the sample 21 wearing sealing rubber cover being fixed in triaxial chamber 20 on base 22 and going to the bottom respectively
High osmosis permeable stone 18 is set, the upper uniform loading in the top axle 17 rising permeability prime water stone 18 with add
Carrying cushion block 19, the pipeline of the high osmosis permeable stone 18 gone to the bottom connects the pipeline of intake valve 3；In base member case
Left side lay the pipeline of connection triaxial chamber 20 and water intaking valve 1, connection three axles are laid on the right side in base member case
The pipeline of the outlet valve 2 of room 20；Right side in the base member case of connection triaxial chamber 20 is laid to connect and is risen
Permeability prime water stone 18 be sequentially connected in series air outlet valve 4, desiccant device 5, the pipeline of filter 6；?
Gas pressure transmitter 15 is set on the pipeline between air outlet valve 4 with desiccant device 5 and is connected data acquisition system
System 16；The arm being distributed on filter 6 connects the second gas valve 8 and the first gas mass flow control
Device 9 processed, another arm connects the first gas valve 7 and the second gas mass flow controller 10；First
3rd gas valve 11 is set on the pipeline between gas mass flow controller 9 and vacuum pump 13, second
3rd gas valve 11 is set on the pipeline between gas mass flow controller 10 and vacuum pump 13, even
Connect and on the pipeline between the 3rd gas valve 11 and vacuum pump 13, the 4th gas valve 12 is set；Wherein connect
The first gas mass flow controller 9 of, the 14, the second gas mass flow control of effusion meter Parallel Data line
The connection data collecting system 16 of device 10 processed.
The present invention is directed to the deficiency existing for current unsaturated soil laboratory permeability survey technology, it is provided that a kind of
Easy gas permeability measuring method and device；Method uses measuring principle of bleeding, and reduces confined pressure to hole
The impact of gap structure；Device is based on soil triaxial apparatus, and additional gas permeability tests system, the most effectively.
Claims (2)
1. a unsaturated soil gas permeability measuring method based on soil triaxial apparatus, it is characterised in that:
The structure of triaxial apparatus is: be fixed on triaxial chamber (20) interior base (22) wears sealing rubber cover
The upper top of sample (21) is respectively provided with high osmosis permeable stone (18) with going to the bottom, and to rise permeability permeable upper
The uniform loading in top axle (17) of stone (18) and loading cushion block (19), the high osmosis permeable stone (18) gone to the bottom
Pipeline connect intake valve (3) pipeline；Left side in base member case is laid connection triaxial chamber (20) and is entered
The pipeline of water valve (1), the outlet valve (2) of connection triaxial chamber (20) is laid on the right side in base member case
Pipeline；Right side in the base member case of connection triaxial chamber (20) is laid to connect and is risen permeability prime water stone (18)
Be sequentially connected in series air outlet valve (4), desiccant device (5), the pipeline of filter (6)；In air outlet valve (4)
It is connected data collecting system with arranging gas pressure transmitter (15) on the pipeline between desiccant device (5)
(16)；The arm being distributed on filter (6) connects the second gas valve (8) and the first gaseous mass
Flow controller (9), another arm connects the first gas valve (7) and the second gas mass flow controller
(10)；Is arranged on pipeline between the first gas mass flow controller (9) and vacuum pump (13)
Three gas valves (11), the pipe between the second gas mass flow controller (10) and vacuum pump (13)
3rd gas valve (11) is set on line, is connecting between the 3rd gas valve (11) and vacuum pump (13)
Pipeline on the 4th gas valve (12) is set；The first gas mass flow controller (9) that series therein,
Effusion meter Parallel Data line (14), the connection data acquisition of the second gas mass flow controller (10)
System (16)；
This measuring method implements step:
1) sample (21) wearing sealing rubber cover is fixed on the base (22) in triaxial chamber (20),
Wear the upper top of the sample (21) of sealing rubber cover, go to the bottom and lay high osmosis permeable stone (18) respectively；
2) top at the high osmosis permeable stone (18) on upper top arranges loading cushion block (19), loads axle (17),
Wherein load axle (17) and triaxial chamber (20) is arranged on triaxial apparatus；
3) opening water intaking valve (1) to triaxial chamber water filling, until filling it up with closedown water intaking valve (1), applying 30-50kPa
Confined pressure；
4) the first gas mass flow controller (9) or the second gas mass flow controller (10), time are preheated
20min, and tune-up data acquisition system (16)；
5) opening vacuum pump (13), regulation the 3rd gas valve (11) is to maximum, and arranges the first gas matter
Amount flow controller (9) or the second gas mass flow controller (10) range, slowly regulation the second gas trap
Door (8) or the first gas valve (7), measure, make flow reach the 0.2% of effusion meter range；
6) slowly open air outlet valve (4) to measure, after effusion meter and pressure measurement data Simultaneous Stabilization, record number
According to；
7) air outlet valve (4), the second gas valve (8) or the first gas valve (7), the 3rd gas trap are closed successively
After door (11), close vacuum pump, then open the 4th gas valve (12), make pressure against the ends balance with atmospheric pressure
After, turn off the 4th gas valve (12)；
8) formula (1) is utilized to calculate gas permeability
In formula (1), QscIt is the gas mass flow under standard state, m3/s；K be sample and two pieces thoroughly
The effective gas permeability of water stone composition system, m2；μ is gas viscosity, Pa s；H=H1+2H2, H1It it is examination
Sample height, H2Permeable stone height, m；A is that specimen cross section amasss, m2；pscIt is calibrating gas pressure, Pa；Tsc
Being standard state temperature, 273K, T are measuring state temperature, K；p1It is atmospheric pressure, Pa；p0It it is examination
Sample upper surface measures gas pressure, Pa, p0<p1；
9) formula (2) is utilized
In formula (2), ksIt is sample air permeability, m2；ktIt is permeable stone gas permeability, uses this
Measuring method is obtained by formula (1), m2；
Obtain sample air permeability.
2. according to measuring method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: measurement apparatus by water intaking valve (1),
Outlet valve (2), intake valve (3), air outlet valve (4), desiccant device (5), filter (6), the first gas trap
Door (7), the second gas valve (8), the first gas mass flow controller (9), the second gas mass flow control
Device processed (10), the 3rd gas valve (11), the 4th gas valve (12), vacuum pump (13), effusion meter are in parallel
Data wire (14), gas pressure transmitter (15), data collecting system (16), loading axle (17), Thief zone
Property permeable stone (18), load cushion block (19) triaxial chamber (20), wear the sample (21) of sealing rubber cover, the end
Seat (22) is constituted, and the specification of the gas mass flow controller wherein selected is 5SLM and 0.5SLM；Vacuum
The power of pump is 2.5L/s；Gas pressure transmitter range is 0.001-10kPa.
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