CN103912464B - 太阳能光热与bigcc集成的联合发电*** - Google Patents
太阳能光热与bigcc集成的联合发电*** Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***,包括太阳能聚光集热***、生物质气化装置、燃气发电机、蒸汽轮机、蒸汽发电机,太阳能聚光集热***连接太阳能换热***;生物质气化装置通过燃气压缩机、燃烧室、燃气透平机连接到燃气发电机,燃气透平机的输出同时连接到燃气余热***,燃气余热***的低压蒸汽输出口连接到蒸汽轮机的中、低压缸,燃气余热***的高压蒸汽输出口与太阳能换热***产生的高压蒸汽都连接到蒸汽混合调节***,蒸汽混合调节***输出连接到蒸汽轮机的高压缸,借助蒸汽混合调节***,实现不同温度蒸汽混合,并对混合蒸汽温度加以调节控制,满足滑参数蒸汽轮机用汽要求,实现太阳能光热与生物质能双能源、燃机布雷登与蒸汽朗肯循环相叠加的双循环联合发电模式。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***,属于可再生新能源领域中,太阳能光热与生物质能联合发电的利用技术,具体地是指太阳能光热与生物质气化、燃气-蒸汽联合循环(BIGCC)集成新的联合发电***。
背景技术
太阳能和生物质能是分布广泛、取之不尽、用之不竭的可再生清洁能源,经济、高效地利用它们是缓解甚至解决能源危机最有效的途径。
光热发电与常规热力发电的工作原理相同,区别在于热源形式不同,太阳能光热发电是利用聚光集热***,聚集太阳的辐射能,通过光热转换、热电转换,从而实现太阳能的光热发电过程。
太阳能主要的聚光集热方式有:槽式、塔式、碟式和菲涅尔式四种,槽式***结构简单,只需单轴跟踪,技术较为成熟,是目前已真正商业化的光热发电***;塔式须双轴跟踪,且对跟踪控制技术的要求极高,商业化技术风险较大;碟式结构紧凑,安装方便,适合于分布式能源***,但其核心部件斯特林发动机技术难度大;菲涅尔式只适用于小规模中低温太阳能热利用。因此,现阶段,采用槽式太阳能热发电技术才是最可靠的、最合理的选择。
然而,在槽式太阳能光热发电技术的实际应用中,也存在着一些局限性问题。
投资成本高:太阳能的能量密度低,聚光集热所需的光场面积大,占地也大;
集热品位低:槽式***使用的集热介质为导热油,而导热油所能承受的最高油温为400℃,通过换热所产生的蒸汽只能达到390℃左右,而现代汽机的主蒸汽温度最低也在435℃以上;
光热供给不稳定:随着时间及昼夜的变更,光热供应存在波动和间歇性;
这些特性决定了太阳能光热发电的效率低、成本高;电厂昼运夜停,发电时数少、设备利用率低;装置频繁启停,设备冲击大,影响使用寿命。
当前,国外有采用带辅助加热装置的纯太阳能热发电模式、或与天然气集成ISCC联合循环发电模式,前者间断运行,电厂经济效益较差;后一类电站建设条件苛刻,仍然依赖传统化石能源,且投资较大,很难大范围推广应用。
寻求一种与常规发电平台的复合对接,实现高效连续运行,是当前槽式太阳能热发电***的重要研究方向,本发明就是针对这一课题进行的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***,利用BIGCC蒸汽朗肯循环滑参数运行的特点,将太阳能光热集成到BIGCC的蒸汽朗肯循环中去,组成双能源、双循环联合的能源梯级利用发电***,有效解决槽式光热蒸汽温度低、太阳能供给存在间歇性、不稳定性问题。
本发明的技术方案:本发明的一种太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***包括太阳能聚光集热***、生物质气化装置、燃气发电机、蒸汽轮机、蒸汽发电机,其太阳能聚光集热***连接太阳能换热***;生物质气化装置通过燃气压缩机、燃烧室、燃气透平机连接到燃气发电机,燃气透平机的输出同时连接到燃气余热***,燃气余热***的低压蒸汽输出口连接到蒸汽轮机的中、低压缸,燃气余热***的高压蒸汽输出口与太阳能换热***产生的高压蒸汽都连接到蒸汽混合调节***,蒸汽混合调节***输出连接到蒸汽轮机的高压缸。
所述的蒸汽混合调节***包括混合器外壳,高压蒸汽喷管由混合器外壳后端伸至腔体中前部,高压蒸汽喷管的前端封闭,前部管壁上有喷汽孔,高压蒸汽喷管的后端为高压蒸汽入口,高压蒸汽喷管的后部高压蒸汽入口内安装有减温水喷管;减温水喷管伸入到高压蒸汽喷管中部分有喷水孔,减温水喷管的外端减温水入口连接电磁阀;混合器外壳后部外壁上有太阳能换热***蒸汽入口;混合器外壳前部外壁上安装测温器,测温器探头伸至混合器外壳内腔中,测温器信号线连接温度控制器,温度控制器的控制输出端连接到减温水喷管外端的电磁阀;混合器外壳的前端是混合蒸汽出口。
在高压蒸汽喷管内的中后部有内衬套管,内衬套管由高压蒸汽进口至喷汽孔布置区后部,内衬套管两端外环与混合器外壳之间封闭。
所述的太阳能换热***包括加热器、蒸发器和过热器,过热器与太阳能聚光集热***的导热油***连接,导热油管路经过蒸发器和加热器,加热器有低温导热油出口与太阳能聚光集热***的导热油***回油口连接;加热器内有换热水管,换热水管连接到蒸发器内;蒸发器上端有汽水分离器,汽水分离器的蒸汽出口连接蒸汽管路,蒸汽管路经过过热器,其输出口至蒸汽混合调节***。
所述的燃气余热***的高压蒸汽参数为高压10MPa或中压3.82MPa,蒸汽温度为485℃;太阳能换热***的蒸汽参数为高压10MPa或中压设3.82MPa,蒸汽温度为390℃;蒸汽轮机的主蒸汽温度选为435℃;供至蒸汽轮机的混合蒸汽温度为435℃。
设太阳能储热***,太阳能储热***分别与太阳能换热***和太阳能聚光集热***连接。
本发明的优点及效果:
1、构建出一种太阳能光热与生物质气化、燃气-蒸汽联合循环(BIGCC)集成的联合发电新***,实现太阳能光热与生物质能双能源、燃机布雷登与蒸汽朗肯循环相叠加的双循环联合发电模式;
2、与光热补入汽机回热***利用方式相比,本***光热利用包括工质加热、蒸发和过热等多级、梯级高效利用过程;
3、利用BIGCC***热源,简化光热发电配置,光场不设置辅助加热设备、光热蒸汽共用BIGCC余热蒸汽的汽机和发电机,降低光热发电设备投入;
4、配置蒸汽混合调节***,实现不同温度蒸汽混合共融,并对混合蒸汽温度加以调节控制,满足滑参数蒸汽轮机用汽要求;
5、通过配置储热和***集成,有效解决太阳能供给存在间歇性、不稳定性问题;
6、借助BIGCC清洁、高效的***平台,提高光热发电效率;还能节省光热发电汽机设备和辅助加热设备及***的投入,降低光热发电的投资成本;利用电厂周边的生物质资源,摆脱ISCC对天然气资源及供应管网的依赖;另外,还可利用光热的有效补充,做大联合电厂的装机规模,提高联合电厂的经济效益和环保效益。
7、摆脱联合电厂对天然气资源及供应管网的依赖;
8、利用光热的补充,做大联合电厂装机规模,提高电厂的经济、环保效益。
附图说明
图1为本发明太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***的主要设备及流程示意图。
图2为图1中太阳能换热***的示意图。
图3为图1中蒸汽混合调节***的示意图。
图中:1-生物质气化装置,2—燃气净化装置,3—燃气压缩机,4—燃机压气机,5—燃烧室,6—燃气透平机,7—燃机发电机,8—燃机余热***,9—太阳能聚光集热***,10—太阳能储热***,11—太阳能换热***,12—蒸汽混合调节***,13—蒸汽轮机,14—蒸汽发电机。
具体实施方式
本发明所述目的通过如下技术方案来实现,结合BIGCC的底循环为蒸汽朗肯循环,且汽轮机滑参数运行的特点,设立一套蒸汽混合调节***,将槽式太阳能光热蒸汽与BIGCC余热高压蒸汽进行混合,并对混合蒸汽温度加以调节控制,将调温后的混合蒸汽作为主蒸汽,送入蒸汽轮机膨胀做功,带动发电机发电,实现光热蒸汽与BIGCC余热蒸汽的共机发电。
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施作进一步的详细描述。
如图1所示,本发明提供的一种太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***包括太阳能聚光集热***9、生物质气化装置1、燃气发电机7、蒸汽轮机13、蒸汽发电机14,太阳能聚光集热***9连接太阳能换热***11;生物质气化装置1通过燃气压缩机3、燃烧室5、燃气透平机6连接到燃气发电7机,燃气透平机6的输出同时连接到燃气余热***8,燃气余热***8的低压蒸汽输出口连接到蒸汽轮机13的中、低压缸,燃气余热***8的高压蒸汽输出口与太阳能换热***11产生的高压蒸汽都连接到蒸汽混合调节***12,蒸汽混合调节***12的输出连接到蒸汽轮机13的高压缸。2是燃气净化装置,4是燃机压气机。设太阳能储热***10,太阳能储热***10分别与太阳能换热***11和太阳能聚光集热***9连接。
图3蒸汽混合调节***示意图:
蒸汽混合调节***12包括混合器外壳12a,高压蒸汽喷管12b由混合器外壳12a后端伸至腔体中前部,高压蒸汽喷管12b的前端封闭,前部管壁上有喷汽孔12b1,高压蒸汽喷管12b的后端为高压蒸汽入口12b2,高压蒸汽喷管12b的后部高压蒸汽入口12b2内安装有减温水喷管12d;减温水喷管12d伸入到高压蒸汽喷管12b中部分有喷水孔12d1,减温水喷管12d的外端减温水入口连接电磁阀12h;混合器外壳12a后部外壁上有太阳能换热***蒸汽入口12g;混合器外壳12a前部外壁上安装测温器12e,测温器12e探头伸至混合器外壳12a内腔中,测温器12e外端信号线连接温度控制器12f,温度控制器12f的控制输出端连接到减温水喷管12d外端的电磁阀12h;混合器外壳12a的前端是混合蒸汽出口。
在蒸汽喷管12b内的中后部有内衬套管12c,内衬套管12c由高压蒸汽进口至喷汽孔12b1布置区后部,喷汽孔12b1布置区约占约占蒸汽喷管12b的三分之一左右,蒸汽喷管12b的三分之二左右,内衬套管12c两端外环与混合器外壳12a之间封闭。
燃气余热***8的高压蒸汽参数可设计为高压10MPa或中压3.82MPa,蒸汽温度为485℃;太阳能换热***11的蒸汽参数也可设计为高压10MPa或中压设3.82MPa,蒸汽温度为390℃;蒸汽轮机13的主蒸汽温度选为435℃;供至蒸汽轮机13的混合蒸汽温度为435℃。
混合汽调节过程:通常情况下,混合蒸汽的温度不会超过450℃,能满足汽机的进汽要求,在光照较弱或无光照时,光热蒸汽的流量偏少,混合汽存在超温的可能,通过测量混合汽的温度自动调节减温喷水量,从而实现对混合汽温的调节和控制。
来自燃机余热***的高压蒸汽轴向进入高压蒸汽喷管12b,在高压蒸汽喷管12b内流动,沿途经过减温水喷管12d、内衬套管12c,至中后部时再沿众多径向喷汽孔12b1喷出;太阳能光热蒸汽由太阳能换热***蒸汽入口12g进入,轴向流动,在中部与燃机余热高压蒸汽温混合,混合蒸汽的温度通过测温器12e探头测出,所测温度送至温度控制器12f,温度控制器12f通过运算处理,得出混合汽温的变化趋势,经分析作出汽温过高或过低的判断,控制减温水调节电磁阀12h执行开、关、增加或减少减温水量的动作。
蒸汽混合调节***实现的效果:
1、设置本***,实现了太阳能光热与BIGCC蒸汽朗肯循环的联合,克服了余热锅炉、汽轮机难以单独完成联合的目标;
2、将两种不同温度的蒸汽混配为同一参数的蒸汽,满足了汽轮机对进汽参数的要求;
3、简化了汽轮机进汽***及结构,节省了汽机设备的生产成本;
4、避免了汽温大幅波动对汽机造成冲击,确保汽机安全稳定运行。
图2是太阳能光热换热***示意图:
太阳能换热***11包括加热器11a、蒸发器11b和过热器11c,过热器11c与太阳能聚光集热***9的导热油***连接,导热油管路11f经过蒸发器11b和加热器11a,加热器11a有低温导热油出口与太阳能聚光集热***9的导热油***回油口连接;加热器11a内有换热水管11g,换热水管11g连接到蒸发器11b内;蒸发器11b上端有汽水分离器11d,汽水分离器11d的蒸汽出口连接蒸汽管路11h,蒸汽管路11h经过过热器11c,其输出口至蒸汽混合调节***12。
太阳能换热***流程:来给水泵11e的水经换热水管11g进入加热器11a,水在此吸热升温,达到近饱和状态后,进入蒸发器11b,在蒸发器11b中蒸发,饱和水相变成饱和蒸汽,经汽水分离器11d分离,饱和汽送至过热器11c,饱和水返回继续蒸发,过热器11c将饱和汽加热成约390℃的过热蒸汽经蒸汽管路11h送出;换热***的热源来自太阳能集热***,高温导热油经高温导热油管路输送至过热器11,后依次流过蒸发器11b和加热器11a,将所带热量传递给汽水后变为低温导热油,低温导热油经低温导热油管路送光场集热***再次吸热升温,如此往复循环,完成太阳能能光热的换热过程。
生物质原料在气化装置1内完成气化,产生粗燃气,粗燃气送入燃气净化装置2经洗涤、冷却、除尘、脱硫等净化处理,把粗燃气中的粉尘、硫化物等杂质清除干净,洁净的燃气经燃气压缩机3加压送入燃烧室5,另一路,由制氧设备制得的氧气经燃机压气机4加压也输送至燃烧室5,燃气与氧气在燃烧室5内燃烧,产生的高温高压烟气进入燃机透平机6膨胀做功,带动燃机发电机7发电,完成燃机布雷登循环,实现燃机发电过程。
燃气透平机6排出的高温烟气送入燃机余热***8,与燃机余热***8的高、低压受热面进行热交换,产生高、低压两种参数的蒸汽,高压蒸汽温度可达450℃~485℃,待与光热蒸汽混合调温后作为主蒸汽,进入蒸汽轮机13的高压缸,余热低压蒸汽作为补汽,进入蒸汽轮机13的低压缸膨胀做功,带动发电机14发电,共同实现蒸汽朗肯循环发电过程。
与燃机余热***并联设置有太阳能聚光集热***9,它由抛物面聚光镜、真空集热管、光场支架、跟踪驱动装置、导热油***等组成。根据光资源条件和设定的光热发电容量和储能小时数,确定聚光镜场面积和集热管数量,通过聚光和集热,将太阳的辐射能转化为导热油的热能。白天,一部分高温导热油直接去太阳能换热***11,在此与汽水换热产生约390℃的中温蒸汽;另一部分高温导热油与太阳能储热系10统进行热交换,将多余的热能储存在储热***10中,夜晚无光照时,则由储热***10放热,以满足发电所需热量。在太阳能换热***11中冷却后的导热油返回太阳能集热***9重新集热,准备下一轮循环。
白天,一部分高温导热油直接去太阳能换热***与汽水换热产来自燃机余热***的高温蒸汽与来自太阳能换热***的中温蒸汽在蒸汽混合调节***12中混合,为控制混合蒸汽温度的大幅波动,避免热应力对汽轮机的冲击,通过监测两股蒸汽的流量及混合温度。汽温调节器辅以喷水减温调节,将混合蒸汽温度控制在400℃~450℃范围内,并保证汽温呈渐增或渐减的平稳变化势态,以满足汽轮机13的进汽要求。
所述太阳能储热***主要包括热罐、冷罐、油盐换热器、熔盐泵和附属管路***,白天及光照较强时段,除部分光热直接供往发电外,多余部分通过油盐换热器,将冷罐内的熔盐介质加热到设定温度送往热罐储存,在光照降低或夜晚无光照时,光场不能满足发电所需热量时,则由储热***释放提供:热罐内的熔盐介质泵回油盐换热器,加热光场导热油介质,导热油将热量送回发电,冷却后的熔盐送至冷罐储存。如此往复循环,完成储存和释放光热的功能。
Claims (9)
1.一种太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***,包括太阳能聚光集热***(9)、生物质气化装置(1)、燃气发电机(7)、蒸汽轮机(13)、蒸汽发电机(14),其特征在于:太阳能聚光集热***(9)连接太阳能换热***(11);生物质气化装置(1)通过燃气压缩机(3)、燃烧室(5)、燃气透平机(6)连接到燃气发电机(7),燃气透平机(6)的输出同时连接到燃气余热***(8),燃气余热***(8)的低压蒸汽输出口连接到蒸汽轮机(13)的中、低压缸,燃气余热***(8)的高压蒸汽输出口与太阳能换热***(11)产生的高压蒸汽都连接到蒸汽混合调节***(12),蒸汽混合调节***(12)的输出连接到蒸汽轮机(13)的高压缸;
蒸汽混合调节***(12)包括混合器外壳(12a),高压蒸汽喷管(12b)由混合器外壳(12a)后端伸至腔体中前部,高压蒸汽喷管(12b)的前端封闭,前部管壁上有喷汽孔(12b1),高压蒸汽喷管(12b)的后端为高压蒸汽入口(12b2),高压蒸汽喷管(12b)的后部高压蒸汽入口(12b2)内安装有减温水喷管(12d);减温水喷管(12d)伸入到高压蒸汽喷管(12b)中部分有喷水孔(12d1),减温水喷管(12d)的外端减温水入口连接电磁阀(12h);混合器外壳(12a)后部外壁上有太阳能换热***蒸汽入口(12g);混合器外壳(12a)前部外壁上安装测温器(12e),测温器(12e)探头伸至混合器外壳(12a)内腔中,测温器(12e)信号线连接温度控制器(12f),温度控制器(12f)的控制输出端连接到减温水喷管(12d)外端的电磁阀(12h);混合器外壳(12a)的前端是混合蒸汽出口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***,其特征在于:在高压蒸汽喷管(12b)内的中后部有内衬套管(12c),内衬套管(12c)由高压蒸汽进口至喷汽孔(12b1)布置区后部,内衬套管(12c)两端外环与混合器外壳(12a)之间封闭。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***,其特征在于:太阳能换热***(11)包括加热器(11a)、蒸发器(11b)和过热器(11c),过热器(11c)与太阳能聚光集热***(9)的导热油***连接,导热油管路(11f)经过蒸发器(11b)和加热器(11a),加热器(11a)有低温导热油出口与太阳能聚光集热***(9)的导热油***回油口连接;加热器(11a)内有换热水管(11g),换热水管(11g)连接到蒸发器(11b)内;蒸发器(11b)上端有汽水分离器(11d),汽水分离器(11d)的蒸汽出口连接蒸汽管路(11h),蒸汽管路(11h)经过过热器(11c),其输出口至蒸汽混合调节***(12)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***,其特征在于:燃气余热***(8)的高压蒸汽参数为高压10MPa或中压3.82MPa,蒸汽温度为485℃;太阳能换热***(11)的蒸汽参数为高压10MPa或中压3.82MPa,蒸汽温度为390℃;供至蒸汽轮机(13)的混合蒸汽温度为435℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***,其特征在于:燃气余热***(8)的高压蒸汽参数为高压10MPa或中压3.82MPa,蒸汽温度为485℃;太阳能换热***(11)的蒸汽参数为高压10MPa或中压3.82MPa,蒸汽温度为390℃;供至蒸汽轮机(13)的混合蒸汽温度为435℃。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***,其特征在于:还包括太阳能储热***(10),太阳能储热***(10)分别与太阳能换热***(11)和太阳能聚光集热***(9)连接。
7.根据权利要求3所述的太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***,其特征在于:还包括太阳能储热***(10),太阳能储热***(10)分别与太阳能换热***(11)和太阳能聚光集热***(9)连接。
8.根据权利要求4所述的太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***,其特征在于:还包括太阳能储热***(10),太阳能储热***(10)分别与太阳能换热***(11)和太阳能聚光集热***(9)连接。
9.根据权利要求5所述的太阳能光热与BIGCC集成的联合发电***,其特征在于:还包括太阳能储热***(10),太阳能储热***(10)分别与太阳能换热***(11)和太阳能聚光集热***(9)连接。
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