CN103909258B - Take kerosene as gear pump bearing material of medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Take kerosene as gear pump bearing material of medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103909258B CN103909258B CN201410140439.4A CN201410140439A CN103909258B CN 103909258 B CN103909258 B CN 103909258B CN 201410140439 A CN201410140439 A CN 201410140439A CN 103909258 B CN103909258 B CN 103909258B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to metallurgical material field, is particularly gear pump bearing material of working media and preparation method thereof with kerosene.Take kerosene as a gear pump bearing material for medium, the chemical composition of these material final products by quality % is: tin white copper powder 5-10, nanometer α-Al
2o
3powder 0.5-5.5, wear-resisting graphite powder 0.5-1.5,6-6-3 tin bronze powder surplus, wherein, the chemical composition of tin white copper powder by quality % is: Sn9-11, Ni19-21, Cu surplus; The chemical composition of 6-6-3 tin bronze powder by quality % is: Sn4-7, Zn4-7, Pb2-4, Cu surplus; Should be with kerosene that the gear pump bearing material of medium is prepared by the following method: by tin white copper powder, nanometer α-Al
2o
3powder, wear-resisting graphite powder and 6-6-3 tin bronze powder fully mix, and after compacting, hydrogen sintering, then carry out electric spark sintering.The bearing material that the present invention obtains possesses good anti-dry grinding, self-lubricating, resistance to adhesive performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical material field, is particularly gear pump bearing material of working media and preparation method thereof with kerosene.
Background technology
Gear pump has compact conformation, rotating speed high, is a kind of hydraulic pump extensively adopted in hydraulic system.Have two pairs of friction pairs in pump: be for a pair the friction pair that brearing bore and gear shaft form, another is to being the friction pair that bearing face and gear face form.
Gear pump bearing carries the function of sealing and load, is the critical component of gear pump.Gear pump bearing is stressed complexity in pump, and condition of work is severe: should bear axial force, bear radial load again; Both be subject to high-speed slide, be subject to high speed impact again; Existing adhesive wear, has fatigue wear again; The existing rubbing action to mill part, has again the chemical action of medium.
When taking kerosene as working media, the working condition of gear pump bearing worsens more.This be due to: (1) the kinematic viscosity of kerosene is low.As kinematic viscosity under 20 DEG C of conditions, hydraulic oil is 21mm
2/ s, and kerosene is only 1.25mm
2/ s.The violent decline of oil viscosity, makes the cohesive force of oil reduce, under same contact stress oil film unstable, easily break, thus metal is directly contacted, accelerates the wearing and tearing of friction pair.(2) the poor lubricity of kerosene.Natural greasing substance in the pump kerosene of deep refining reduces, poor lubricity (showing that extreme pressure property, abrasion resistance and frictional behavior are poor), causes friction pair work to be close to and is in dry grinding state.This just makes the coefficient of friction of material in kerosene significantly increase (being about 10 times in hydraulic oil), causes the heavy wear of gear pump bearing.(3) kerosene permeability is strong, leaks and increases.Filter paper does permeability test and shows, the seepage velocity of kerosene is about 10 times of hydraulic oil.Infiltrative increase, affects the formation of oil film equally, increases the probability of material dry grinding.
Therefore, be under the working condition of working media with kerosene, require that gear pump bearing material possesses following performance:
(1) possess good wear Characteristics, particularly anti-dry grinding performance, be destroyed at oil film, still possess good wear resistance when oil lubrication is insufficient or occur that abrasive dust affects.
(2) possess good antisticking polishing machine, prevent " sticky copper " the copper transfer of (corronium, adhere to above mill material steel) and " cold welding " (under frictional heat effect, copper alloy and steel spread, melt blend combination) phenomenon occurs.
(3) possess good self-lubricating property, to make up the few deficiency of kerosene greasing substance, provide enough antifriction performances, not only make itself not to be worn, can also protect and mill material is not worn.
(4) possesses good sealing property, simple filler, easily break-in, easily to fit, surface irregularity, roughness and nonparallelism can be overcome, small uneven on the break-in face of filling and leading up, good band is formed at bearing face and gear face, prevent leakage-gap, cause leakage of oil and cause high-low pressure oil pocket to be linked up.
Existing take kerosene as the gear pump bearing material of working media, the main Cu alloy material adopting casting, such as HMn60-3-1-0.75, ZCuSb
5ni
2, ZCuSbPb
20ni
3deng.But the copper/copper alloy bearing material of casting works in kerosene, serious wear, particularly when working speed is up to 10000r/min, the stressed amplitude of friction pair and alternative frequency strengthen, surface of friction pair heats up rapidly, the faster flow of contact surface, softening, and adhesive wear and the fatigue wear of friction material sharply increase, cause the fault such as bearing face and endoporus burn, decoupling zero ring breakage, bearing and gear locking, even cause splined shaft to rupture.Therefore, cast copper alloy cannot meet with kerosene is that the gear pump of working media is to the requirement of bearing material performance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of possess good anti-dry grinding, self-lubricating, resistance to adhesive performance take kerosene as the gear pump bearing material of medium.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of take kerosene as the preparation method of the gear pump bearing material of medium.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Take kerosene as a gear pump bearing material for medium, the chemical composition of these material final products by quality % is: tin white copper powder 5-10, nanometer α-Al
2o
3powder 0.5-5.5, wear-resisting graphite powder 0.5-1.5,6-6-3 tin bronze powder surplus; Wherein, the chemical composition of tin white copper powder by quality % is: Sn9-11, Ni19-21, Cu surplus; The chemical composition of 6-6-3 tin bronze powder by quality % is: Sn4-7, Zn4-7, Pb2-4, Cu surplus;
Should be with kerosene that the gear pump bearing material of medium is prepared by the following method: by tin white copper powder, nanometer α-Al
2o
3powder, wear-resisting graphite powder and 6-6-3 tin bronze powder fully mix, and after compacting, hydrogen sintering, then carry out electric spark sintering.
Have in the microstructure of this material (Cu, the Ni) of Precipitation
3the θ phase of Sn and the nanometer α-Al of Dispersed precipitate
2o
3.
This material feedstock granularity meets following requirement: tin white copper powder particle size≤70 μm, nanometer α-Al
2o
3powder Particle Size≤150nm, wear-resisting graphite powder granularity≤70 μm; 6-6-3 tin bronze powder granularity≤70 μm.
Following performance is met: density 8.643-8.646, voidage 0.017-0.018%, wear extent 0.25-0.26cm under this materials'use state
3/ cm
2.min.
Described preparation method is: fully mix the raw material of described chemical composition, mixed powder is loaded punching block, suppress on a hydraulic press, pressing pressure 400-600MPa; Pressed compact is placed in hydrogen sintering furnace sinter, sintering temperature 800-850 DEG C, sintering time 60-90 minute; Sintered blank is loaded graphite jig, electric spark sintering machine carries out discharge plasma sintering, sintering temperature 750-800 DEG C, sintering pressure 30-40MPa, sintering time 3-5 minute, obtained gear pump bearing material.
Take kerosene as a preparation method for the gear pump bearing material of medium, wherein,
By tin white copper powder, nanometer α-Al
2o
3powder, wear-resisting graphite powder and 6-6-3 tin bronze powder fully mix, compacting, after hydrogen sintering, then carry out electric spark sintering, and making with kerosene is the gear pump bearing material of medium; The chemical composition of these gear pump bearing material final products by quality % is: tin white copper powder 5-10, nanometer α-Al
2o
3powder 0.5-5.5, wear-resisting graphite powder 0.5-1.5,6-6-3 tin bronze powder surplus, wherein, the chemical composition of tin white copper powder by quality % is: Sn9-11, Ni19-21, Cu surplus; The chemical composition of 6-6-3 tin bronze powder by quality % is: Sn4-7, Zn4-7, Pb2-4, Cu surplus.
The raw material of described chemical composition is fully mixed, mixed powder is loaded punching block, suppress on a hydraulic press, pressing pressure 400-600MPa; Pressed compact is placed in hydrogen sintering furnace sinter, sintering temperature 800-850 DEG C, sintering time 60-90 minute; Sintered blank is loaded graphite jig, electric spark sintering machine carries out discharge plasma sintering, sintering temperature 750-800 DEG C, sintering pressure 30-40MPa, sintering time 3-5 minute, obtained gear pump bearing material.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Gear pump bearing material of the present invention has following characteristics:
(1) anti-dry grinding.Nanometer α-the Al added in material
2o
3, not only dispersion-strengthened effect is produced to material, and is only second to adamantine hardness because it has, material surface hardness is improved, thus make material possess excellent anti-dry grinding performance.
(2) self-lubricating.Not only containing kollag Pb and wear-resisting graphite in material, and there is the composite self-lubricating alloy be made up of Cu, Sn, Pb, Zn, Ni at granule boundary.Operationally, Cu-Sn-Pb-Zn-Ni composite self-lubricating alloy can be separated out under frictional heat effect, fractional condensation to friction surface, play superior antifriction function.
(3) high strength.The Cu-Sn-Ni strengthening effect that in material, tin white copper produces, adds nanometer α-Al
2o
3the dispersion-strengthened effect produced, material is possessed higher intensity.
(4) high density.Owing to adopting " compacting, hydrogen sintering-electric spark sintering " combination process to prepare gear pump bearing material, material porosity, below 0.02%, almost reaches complete compactness extent.
(5) antisticking.Nanometer α-Al in material
2o
3there is small-size effect, by mill material finish, friction pair material surface contact conditions can be improved, improve the antisticking performance of material, hinder the generation of sticky copper and cold welding.
(6) good seal.The soft metals such as Cu, Sn, Pb, Zn in material have the advantage of easy break-in, simple filler, easily laminating, can form good break-in band after break-in, under band pressure condition, can fit with to grinding material tight; Meanwhile, when friction pair is in dry grinding state, need antifriction, wear-resisting time, the nanometer α-Al in material
2o
3the self-lubricating phase that wear-resisting phase, kollag Pb and wear-resisting graphite and Cu-Sn-Pb-Zn-Ni self-lubrication alloy form and Cu-Sn-Ni hardening constituent will play a role simultaneously, avoid the generation of leakage defect, thus guarantee that material possesses excellent sealing property.
Material of the present invention and existing cast copper alloy ratio, have the following advantages:
(1) the copper alloy powder that gear pump bearing material of the present invention uses adopts hydraulic atomized method to produce, and metal ingredient carries out pre-alloyed, and its chemical composition is even, does not have the plumbous segregation problems of casting technique, therefore, material structure evenly, stable performance.
(2) gear pump bearing material constituent adjustment wide ranges of the present invention, can add the material that founding materials cannot add, such as nanometer α-Al
2o
3, the nonmetallic materials such as wear-resisting graphite, thus obtain the performance such as anti-dry grinding, self-lubricating, inadhesion being better than founding materials.
Gear pump bearing material of the present invention have unique, the Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb-Ni composite self-lubricating alloy that working surface carries out lubricating can be precipitate under frictional heat effect, this is that cast copper alloy is unexistent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural state figure of Fig. 1 to be the present invention with kerosene be gear pump bearing material of medium.(in figure, black part is divided into C, and white portion is Cu, Sn, Pb, Zn, Ni and Nano-sized α-Al_2O_3, and bright gray parts is based on Cu, the matrix containing Sn, Zn, Ni.）
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention with kerosene be the gear pump bearing material of medium with 6-6-3 tin bronze for matrix, be because 6-6-3 tin bronze has good mechanical property, heat conductivility, anti-wear performance, antifriction performance and corrosion resisting property, its antisticking and scratch ability are all better than other copper alloys; Adding tin white copper is that atomic radius is all very little, and is all face-centred cubic structure because Cu, Ni in alloy are single α phase constitution, each other unlimited solid solution; When exceeding a certain amount of containing Sn amount, there will be the θ phase of a kind of (Cu, Ni) 3Sn newly, producing precipitation strengthening effect, improve the mechanical property of bearing material; Add nanometer α-Al
2o
3, be due to nanometer α-Al
2o
3there is following functions: (1) nanometer α-Al
2o
3dispersed precipitate in the alloy, can play dispersion-strengthened action; Nanometer α-Al
2o
3there is higher hardness, material surface hardness, bearing capacity and antisticking ability can be improved, thus dislocation can be hindered to assemble, improve anti-wear performance, prevent the generation of wearing and tearing crackle.(2) due to nanometer α-Al
2o
3particle surface is smooth, and granularity is tiny, along with friction is easily rolled, microcosmic makes sliding friction become rolling friction, reduces coefficient of friction, improves antifriction performance.(3) nanometer α-Al
2o
3also there is small-size effect, by mill material finish, surface contact conditions can be improved, improve sealing property.(4) nanometer α-Al
2o
3in the existence of granule boundary, make border define incomplete metal and connect, this is just for the precipitation of self-lubrication alloy and formation create space; Adding wear-resisting graphite is because it has good self-lubricating property, can improve again the hardness of copper alloy, increases the anti-wear performance of copper alloy.
Fully mix by above chemical composition % by weight, mixed powder is loaded punching block, suppresses on a hydraulic press, pressing pressure 400-600MPa; Pressed compact is placed in hydrogen sintering furnace sinter, sintering temperature 800-850 DEG C, sintering time 60-90 minute; Sintered blank is loaded graphite jig, electric spark sintering machine carries out discharge plasma sintering, sintering temperature 750-800 DEG C, sintering pressure 30-40MPa, sintering time 3-5 minute, obtained gear pump bearing material.
Take kerosene as gear pump bearing material employing above-mentioned " compacting, hydrogen sintering-electric spark sintering " combination process preparation of medium, reason is as follows:
Electric spark sintering is a kind of special hot-pressing technique.Electric spark sintering can make to produce localized hyperthermia instantaneously between material, powder particle surface is made to produce gasification and melting phenomenon, under discharge impact pressure, there is sputtering effect, remove adsorbed gas, break through oxide film and graphite obstruction, under pressurised conditions, after powder particle is contacted, spread rapidly, form coupling part, be sintered together securely.Electric spark sintering can under less pressure, complete sintering in the short time, obtained high density product.
But because the electric spark sintering time is short, only have a few minutes, the low-melting alloy in particle can not precipitate into granule boundary, also Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb-Ni composite self-lubricating alloy just can not be formed.Therefore, need first to carry out hydrogen sintering, what make the precipitation of the low-melting alloy in particle and Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb-Ni composite self-lubricating alloy is formed with time enough.
Due to wear-resisting graphite and nanometer α-Al
2o
3etc. nonmetallic existence, when hydrogen sintering, affect the raising of extrudate density, therefore, after hydrogen sintering, also need to adopt spark sintering process to carry out high densification.
Embodiment:
Adopt Wet-type friction material of the present invention and manufacturing process, obtained take kerosene as the gear pump shaft corbel material samples 3 batches of medium.Prepare with kerosene the chemical composition quality % of the gear pump shaft corbel material samples being medium as table 1, preparation technology parameter is as table 2.
Sample external diameter Ф 28.5mm, thickness 2mm.Sample carries out friction test on FALEX-6 friction wear testing machine.Experimental condition: spindle speed 635rpm; Test temperature 26 DEG C, upper material for test 40CrNiMoA, lower material for test is Wet-type friction material of the present invention; Lubricating condition is lubricated in aviation kerosine; Test load 50LBS; Test period 60min.Result of the test is as shown in table 3.For contrasting, in table, list the wear extent of cast copper alloy HMn60-3-1-0.75 under same test conditions.
The concrete chemical composition and ratio (quality %) of table 1 inventive samples
The technological parameter of inventive samples prepared by table 2
Table 3 inventive samples performance
In order to verify with kerosene service behaviour and the reliability of the bearing material being medium, the concrete chemical composition and ratio adopting the lot number shown in above-mentioned table 1 to be 2 and the lot number shown in table 2 are the technological parameter of 2, obtained gear pump bearing products, be 10200r/min at rotating speed, working media is carry out bench test in 2000 hours under aviation kerosine condition.Result of the test shows, gear pump stable performance, decomposes measurement gear pump each part dependency structure size, all meet drawing requirement, gear pump bearing is in good condition, wearing and tearing without exception, aclusion, locking and corrosion phenomenon occur, and meeting with kerosene is the gear pump performance requirement of working media.
Claims (7)
1. be a gear pump bearing material for medium with kerosene, it is characterized in that: the chemical composition of these material final products by quality % is: tin white copper powder 5-10, nanometer α-Al
2o
3powder 0.5-5.5, wear-resisting graphite powder 0.5-1.5,6-6-3 tin bronze powder surplus; Wherein, the chemical composition of tin white copper powder by quality % is: Sn9-11, Ni19-21, Cu surplus; The chemical composition of 6-6-3 tin bronze powder by quality % is: Sn4-7, Zn4-7, Pb2-4, Cu surplus;
Should be with kerosene that the gear pump bearing material of medium is prepared by the following method: by tin white copper powder, nanometer α-Al
2o
3powder, wear-resisting graphite powder and 6-6-3 tin bronze powder fully mix, and after compacting, hydrogen sintering, then carry out electric spark sintering.
2. according to claim 1 take kerosene as the gear pump bearing material of medium, it is characterized in that: (Cu, the Ni) that have Precipitation in the microstructure of this material
3the θ phase of Sn and the nanometer α-Al of Dispersed precipitate
2o
3.
3. according to claim 1 take kerosene as the gear pump bearing material of medium, it is characterized in that: this material feedstock granularity meets following requirement: tin white copper powder particle size≤70 μm, nanometer α-Al
2o
3powder Particle Size≤150nm, wear-resisting graphite powder granularity≤70 μm; 6-6-3 tin bronze powder granularity≤70 μm.
4. according to claim 1 take kerosene as the gear pump bearing material of medium, it is characterized in that: meet following performance under this materials'use state: density 8.643-8.646g/cm
3, voidage 0.017-0.018%, wear extent 0.25-0.26cm
3/ cm
2.min.
5. according to claim 1 take kerosene as the gear pump bearing material of medium, it is characterized in that: described method is: fully mix raw material, and mixed powder is loaded punching block, suppresses on a hydraulic press, pressing pressure 400-600MPa; Pressed compact is placed in hydrogen sintering furnace sinter, sintering temperature 800-850 DEG C, sintering time 60-90 minute; Sintered blank is loaded graphite jig, electric spark sintering machine carries out discharge plasma sintering, sintering temperature 750-800 DEG C, sintering pressure 30-40MPa, sintering time 3-5 minute, obtained gear pump bearing material.
6. be a preparation method for the gear pump bearing material of medium as claimed in claim 1 with kerosene, it is characterized in that:
By tin white copper powder, nanometer α-Al
2o
3powder, wear-resisting graphite powder and 6-6-3 tin bronze powder fully mix, compacting, after hydrogen sintering, then carry out electric spark sintering, and making with kerosene is the gear pump bearing material of medium; The chemical composition of these gear pump bearing material final products by quality % is: tin white copper powder 5-10, nanometer α-Al
2o
3powder 0.5-5.5, wear-resisting graphite powder 0.5-1.5,6-6-3 tin bronze powder surplus, wherein, the chemical composition of tin white copper powder by quality % is: Sn9-11, Ni19-21, Cu surplus; The chemical composition of 6-6-3 tin bronze powder by quality % is: Sn4-7, Zn4-7, Pb2-4, Cu surplus.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: fully mix raw material, mixed powder is loaded punching block, suppress on a hydraulic press, pressing pressure 400-600MPa; Pressed compact is placed in hydrogen sintering furnace sinter, sintering temperature 800-850 DEG C, sintering time 60-90 minute; Sintered blank is loaded graphite jig, electric spark sintering machine carries out discharge plasma sintering, sintering temperature 750-800 DEG C, sintering pressure 30-40MPa, sintering time 3-5 minute, obtained gear pump bearing material.
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN104439250B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-02-22 | 扬州立德粉末冶金股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing dispersion strengthening copper-based oil bearing |
| CN109386542A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-26 | 常州环能涡轮动力股份有限公司 | A kind of Turbochargers in Diesel Engines thrust bearing and its installation method |
| CN111673083A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-09-18 | 丹阳市剑庐工具有限公司 | Preparation process of novel drill shank for IMPACT gun drill |
| CN113090672A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-09 | 龙岩市金山粉末冶金有限公司 | Sliding shaft seat of gear pump and manufacturing process thereof |
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| CN102364139A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-02-29 | 济南大学 | High-temperature self-compensating lubricating bearing and preparation method thereof |
| EP2522377A1 (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2012-11-14 | Integran Technologies Inc. | Antibacterial electrodeposited metallic materials comprising cobalt |
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| CN1493420A (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-05-05 | ͬ�Ϳ�ҵ��ʽ���� | Bearing material for porous fluid pressure-feed air bearing and bearing using the same |
| EP2522377A1 (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2012-11-14 | Integran Technologies Inc. | Antibacterial electrodeposited metallic materials comprising cobalt |
| CN102114535A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-06 | 倪志刚 | Iron-based powder metallurgy |
| CN102364139A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-02-29 | 济南大学 | High-temperature self-compensating lubricating bearing and preparation method thereof |
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