CN103904987A - Two-degree of freedom solar tracker - Google Patents
Two-degree of freedom solar tracker Download PDFInfo
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- CN103904987A CN103904987A CN201410136158.1A CN201410136158A CN103904987A CN 103904987 A CN103904987 A CN 103904987A CN 201410136158 A CN201410136158 A CN 201410136158A CN 103904987 A CN103904987 A CN 103904987A
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- rotating shaft
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- light tight
- motor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
The invention provides a two-degree of freedom solar tracker. The solar tracker comprises a solar cell panel installing groove, a pitching rotating shaft, a support, a horizontal rotating shaft, a pitching motor, a platform and a horizontal motor, wherein a solar cell panel is installed in the solar cell panel installing groove. One side of the solar cell panel installing groove is fixedly provided with an installing groove for a sunshine direction detecting device. The sunshine direction detecting device comprises a control box provided with a control circuit, an installing pin is fixed to the lower portion of the control box, the upper portion of the control box is provided with four photocells completely same in size and area and two light-proof baffles, the two light-proof baffles are perpendicular to each other, the four photocells are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the two light-proof baffles in pairs, the sunshine direction detecting device is installed in the installing groove for the sunshine direction detecting device through the installing pin, signals of the photocells are input into the control circuit, and the control circuit controls the pitching motor and the horizontal motor. The two-degree of freedom solar tracker is a follow-up device capable of accurately aligning with the sun in the two freedom degrees including the horizontal direction and the pitching direction in time.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of solar energy tracking device, particularly a kind of hunting gear of in time, correctly aiming at the sun in level, two degrees of freedom of pitching.
Background technology
In new forms of energy, photovoltaic generation is the renewable energy technologies of tool sustainable development desired characteristics, is subject to globally generally paying attention to.Nowadays China has been tending towards ripe on solar photovoltaic technology, and is widely applied.Become a key technology of photovoltaic generation for the utilance of highly effective gathering solar energy and then raising solar energy.The KPcheung of Architecture Department of Hong Kong University and professor scMHui have studied the relation of sun light irradiation angle and solar energy acceptance rate, theory analysis shows: the tracking of the sun and non-tracking, the acceptance rate of energy differs 37.7%, therefore adopts solar energy servo tracking device can fully improve solar energy utilization ratio.This device can make solar panel vertical all the time with sunlight, moves, thereby reach the object from motion tracking along with sun's motion.
The method from the motion tracking sun that present stage is used has multiple, having one is use clock circuit control or use separately pulse generating circuit control method, basic principle is the decile revolution of the earth, time of circling certainly, intends point angle and also realizes interval adjustment by servomechanism.Another kind is the control method in conjunction with interlock circuit based on single-chip microcomputer, and basic principle is for realizing drive motors motion with control program.Also having a kind of is control method based on GPS and GIS, and but control method is complicated can reach very high control precision.Also have some to use separately the method for light-sensitive device.These methods can effectively utilize solar energy resources and propose good solution to improving solar energy utilization ratio above, but, the complex structure cost that these solar energy tracking devices have is very high, although the cost having is lower but system suitability is poor, can not realize high control precision and cheap Costco Wholesale simultaneously.
Application number for 201020569659.6, name is called in a kind of patent document of tracking control system that a kind of low cost, high-precision solar tracking system are provided, composition comprises photoelectric sensor, controller, limit switch and direct current machine.But this technical scheme is taken out as testing circuit by the transducer difference electric current of shadow shield both sides, in the situation that situations such as having cloud causes sunlight weak, thereby may producing deviation compared with fine day sunlight situation, the signal that testing circuit produces has influence on the accuracy of result.Application number for 201010260613.0, name is called in the patent document of automatic sun tracking method and device, provides a kind of pointer that utilizes to cause and be placed in rightabout photronic voltage difference and detect itself and the method for the deviation of sunlight at the shadow of card, has influence on the accuracy of result but this technical scheme is not considered the deviate difference that voltage detector detects under different light intensity equally.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of control precision high, simple in structure, Costco Wholesale is cheap, the two degrees of freedom solar energy tracking device of wide adaptability.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The solar panel resettlement groove that solar panel is installed is fixed in pitching rotating shaft, pitching rotating shaft is by stent support, support is fixed on horizontal rotating shaft, the pitching motor that drives pitching rotating shaft to rotate, rack-mount, horizontal rotating shaft is arranged on platform, the horizontal motor that drives horizontal rotating shaft to rotate is arranged on platform, on a limit of solar panel resettlement groove, be fixed with sunlight direction detection device mounting groove, sunlight direction detection device comprises the control box that control circuit is installed, control box bottom is fixed with mount pin, control box top is provided with four sizes, the identical photocell of area and two light tight baffle plates, two mutual at right angle settings of light tight baffle plate, four photocells are symmetrically arranged in two light tight baffle plate both sides between two, sunlight direction detection device is arranged in sunlight direction detection device mounting groove by mount pin, photronic signal input control circuit, control circuit control pitching motor and horizontal motor.
The present invention can also comprise:
1, certain spacing of being separated by between two light tight baffle plates.
2, two light tight baffle plates are right-angled intersection.
3, at light tight baffle plate and photocell, protective cover is set outward.
The invention provides one can be automatically according to sunlight direction adjust solar panel towards, make solar panel vertical with sunlight and then effectively improve the utilance of solar energy.This device is worked by day, and stop night, and can overcome by different weather situation time, different sunlight intensity cause the interference of control precision, and can overcome the interference of lightning light to it.This device overall structure is simple and practical, and Costco Wholesale is cheap, realizes high control precision simultaneously, and needn't manual intervention, and wide adaptability, is particularly suitable for unattended situation, has good application value.
The present invention includes the overall structure device that is used for solar cell placement plate that can rotate in level, pitch orientation, a sunlight direction detection device, a kind of control circuit moves with Driving Stepping Motor, by the detection to sunlight signal, amplification, comparison, judgement, give motor a signal that rotates or do not turn, motor drives solar panel action, makes it vertical with sunlight.Wherein control circuit is mainly by signal amplifier, signal comparator, decision circuitry and drive circuit composition.Sunlight direction detection device mainly adopts photocell, without volume external power supply, show that solar panel normal and sunlight are respectively in the deviation signal of pitch orientation, horizontal direction, then produce and drive signal with Driving Stepping Motor through control circuit respectively, overall structure device is rotated, until the normal of this solar panel points to the sun exactly in pitch orientation, horizontal direction.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: for sunlight direction detection device, the realization such as photoelectric sensor, photo resistance is selected in traditional invention mostly, though these elements can change light signal into the signal of telecommunication, the signal of telecommunication obtaining all can change with the difference of luminous intensity.But in the time of varying environment, Various Seasonal, sunlight intensity is also different, will directly cause the signal difference that sun tracker obtains under same detection error, thereby affects the accuracy of result.And the present invention adopts photocell, effectively avoided light intensity problem, and photocell can provide electric energy, make checkout gear not need volume external power supply.Moreover the control method of apparatus of the present invention, for the comparison of voltage deviation, adopts division arithmetic circuit, has further avoided light intensity problem.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is two degrees of freedom solar energy tracking device overall structure figure.
Fig. 2-a and Fig. 2-b are sunlight direction detection device.
Fig. 3 is control circuit frame principle figure.
Fig. 4 is a kind of control circuit figure.
Embodiment
For example the present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, solar panel resettlement groove 9 is fixed in pitching rotating shaft 6, makes it can synchronize with pitching rotating shaft 6 rotation.Pitching rotating shaft 6 is supported by support 5, and 5, support is fixed on horizontal rotating shaft 7.Pitching motor 3 is stepping motor with horizontal motor 4, drives respectively pitching rotating shaft 6 and horizontal rotating shaft 7 to rotate in two degrees of freedom.Settle one in the frame outside of groove 9 and for riding position, can select the four edges frame any place of groove 9 for placing the round mouth groove 1 of sunlight direction detection device, but will avoid not being subject to the impact of other device shades as far as possible.When sunlight direction detection device is installed, the straight pin in Fig. 2,3 13 must be arranged on to sunlight direction detection device resettlement groove 1 place in Fig. 1.Then solar energy photocell board is fixed on groove 9, and control circuit board is placed in control box 12.In Fig. 1, photocell 11 connects with control circuit board and motor, and the interlock of motor and rotating shaft does not all draw.
Sunlight direction detection device comprises the control box that control circuit is installed, and control box bottom is fixed with mount pin, and control box top is provided with four sizes, the identical photocell of area and two light tight baffle plates.The mounting means of photocell and two light tight baffle plates can be selected in following two kinds of modes:
Scheme one: in conjunction with Fig. 2-a, two sizes, identical photocell 11 next-door neighbours of area are placed in to light tight baffle plate 10 both sides and form the checkout gear in one degree of freedom.Other two sizes, the identical photocell next-door neighbour of area are placed in another light tight baffle plate both sides and also form the checkout gear in one degree of freedom.Two checkout gears are respectively laid to one respectively in east-west direction, North and South direction, certain spacing of being separated by between two light tight baffle plates, thus can realize two degrees of freedom control.
Scheme two: in conjunction with Fig. 2-b, two light tight baffle plates are intersected and are the placement of " cross " type, respectively place a slice size, the identical photocell of area in four corners of crossing, be numbered respectively 11-1,11-2,11-3,11-4.
Scheme two is compared with scheme one, installs compactlyer, reacts sensitiveer.Because while producing electric energy when only there being a slice photocell to be subject to light in the device shown in scheme two, can cause that this device is simultaneously to two different directions (this both direction is not antagonistic) action, thereby increase the sensitivity of this device reaction.
As shown in Figure 3, the signal of telecommunication that photocell 11 produces is fainter for the control principle of being realized by control circuit, therefore need to use signal amplifier, meanwhile, signal amplifier also can play the effect of filtering.Comparator is mainly used in the signal of the signal detecting and sunlight vertical irradiation solar panel direction to compare, draw deviation signal, decision circuitry can judge that motor whether should " forward " or " reversion " according to the departure obtaining, and draws driving signal.Drive circuit mainly plays the effect of power amplification, rotates for Driving Stepping Motor.
Apparatus of the present invention require control precision be less than ± 3 °, for the sunlight direction detection device shown in Fig. 2-a and Fig. 2-b, suppose that the photronic width of monolithic is 1 ㎝, in the present invention, photocell 11 is two row's parallel connections, its width is a=2 ㎝, get α=3 °, the height that can be calculated light tight baffle plate 10 is b ≈ 38.17 ㎝.Computing formula is as follows:
It is highly the light tight baffle plate of 40 ㎝ that apparatus of the present invention can be selected, and both can meet control precision, can reduce again mechanical wear, reaches optimum efficiency.For protecting photocell not to be subject to the interference of external environment such as wind or rain, protecting glass 14 is installed.
For the two schemes shown in Fig. 2-a and Fig. 2-b, in Fig. 2-a, the photocell 11 of placing can be connected with corresponding control circuit respectively in two degrees of freedom.For scheme shown in Fig. 2-b, in the time of deviation on measurement device east-west direction, must be respectively by photocell 11-1 and 11-2 series connection, 11-3 connects with 11-4, then connection corresponding to control circuit; In the time of deviation in measurement device North and South direction, must be respectively by photocell 11-1 and 11-4 series connection, 11-2 connects with 11-3, then connection corresponding to control circuit.
As shown in Figure 4, the concrete control thinking that control circuit is realized is:
The photocell 11 of light tight baffle plate 10 both sides produces voltage signal, and note is u respectively
1with u
1', signal amplifier adopts low-pass first order filter LPF, wherein R
4and R
5form in-phase proportion circuit with integrated operational amplifier, not only can filter high frequency waves to get rid of the interference of aerial lightning light, the photocell detecting 11 can also be produced to the signal of telecommunication and carry out ratio amplification.The voltage obtaining after signal amplifier is designated as u
2with u
2'.
What comparator adopted is division arithmetic circuit, it is advantageous that and can overcome when this device is during at same position, and because the situations such as cloudy day cause, sunlight intensity is different makes light tight baffle plate 10 both sides photocells 11 produce different voltage deviations.Voltage signal through comparator is designated as u
3, u
3with two input terminal voltage u
2and u
2' business be directly proportional and anti-phase, therefore need to connect inverter after division arithmetic circuit, u
4with u
3equal and opposite in direction, opposite direction.
Decision circuitry is to form the voltage comparator with Schmidt's property by two hysteresis loop comparators and part resistance.Two hysteresis loop comparator reversal connections are in order to provide two kinds of different driving signals, and one is used for drive motor forward or do not turn, and another kind is drive motor reversion or does not turn its reference voltage U
rcan be realized by voltage-stabiliser tube, but may cause the problem of the undesired flow direction of electric current, ways of addressing this issue is to adopt a voltage-stabiliser tube potentiometer in parallel and then a voltage follower of series connection, voltage follower has the advantages that input impedance is high, output impedance is low, thereby plays buffering, isolation, raising load capacity.In Fig. 4 decision circuitry+voltage of generally use+15V of VCC, contact resistance R
1function be in order to allow solar energy tracking device when action have attonity dead band, i.e. a resistance R
1a dead band voltage is provided, can have prevented that this mechanical device from " frequently moving " and causing mechanical wear.No matter be in hysteresis loop comparator, or in reference voltage end, it is 2CW14 voltage-stabiliser tube that all voltage-stabiliser tubes are all selected model, the about 6V～7.5V of its stable voltage, in the time that resistance is selected, need to make r
2/ r
1>=100, one highest wisdom is selected r
1be 100 Ω, r
2for 10K Ω, require R simultaneously
1< R
2no matter, and how value all guarantees that the threshold voltage of a hysteresis loop comparator circuit is all plus or minus in allowed band to make potentiometer, and their return difference size is similar.The voltage reference value u of decision circuitry
5' need to realize by regulator potentiometer: in the time of sunlight vertical irradiation solar energy photocell board 2, u
1=u
1', u
2=u
2', at this moment regulator potentiometer, makes decision circuitry mid point 5 magnitude of voltage u
5'=u
4.In the time that the normal of sunlight and solar energy photocell board 2 is crossing, the electric weight that light tight baffle plate 10 both sides photocells 11 produce is not identical, if u
5> u
5', and increase gradually, decision circuitry is come to motor signal according to the voltage-transfer characteristic of forward; If u
5> u
5', and reduce gradually, decision circuitry is come to motor signal according to the voltage-transfer characteristic of reversion.
Drive circuit adopts solid-state relay to realize, and the control signal that decision circuitry is produced is carried out power amplification, and then realizes the effect of Driving Stepping Motor.
Claims (4)
1. a two degrees of freedom solar energy tracking device, the solar panel resettlement groove that solar panel is installed is fixed in pitching rotating shaft, pitching rotating shaft is by stent support, support is fixed on horizontal rotating shaft, the pitching motor that drives pitching rotating shaft to rotate, rack-mount, horizontal rotating shaft is arranged on platform, the horizontal motor that drives horizontal rotating shaft to rotate is arranged on platform, it is characterized in that: on a limit of solar panel resettlement groove, be fixed with sunlight direction detection device mounting groove, sunlight direction detection device comprises the control box that control circuit is installed, control box bottom is fixed with mount pin, control box top is provided with four sizes, the identical photocell of area and two light tight baffle plates, two mutual at right angle settings of light tight baffle plate, four photocells are symmetrically arranged in two light tight baffle plate both sides between two, sunlight direction detection device is arranged in sunlight direction detection device mounting groove by mount pin, photronic signal input control circuit, control circuit control pitching motor and horizontal motor.
2. a kind of two degrees of freedom solar energy tracking device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: certain spacing of being separated by between two light tight baffle plates.
3. a kind of two degrees of freedom solar energy tracking device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: two light tight baffle plates are right-angled intersection.
4. according to a kind of two degrees of freedom solar energy tracking device described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that: at light tight baffle plate and photocell, protective cover is set outward.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410136158.1A CN103904987A (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2014-04-04 | Two-degree of freedom solar tracker |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410136158.1A CN103904987A (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2014-04-04 | Two-degree of freedom solar tracker |
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| CN103904987A true CN103904987A (en) | 2014-07-02 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104167985A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-11-26 | 申凯文 | Solar energy power supply method and apparatus |
| CN104396634A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-11 | 西宁意格知识产权咨询服务有限公司 | Solar greenhouse |
| CN105991089A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2016-10-05 | 苏州朗誉电子科技有限公司 | Solar energy self-energy-supply equipment, stench purification system comprising same and control method thereof |
| CN107017829A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-08-04 | 深圳市洲明科技股份有限公司 | Device of solar generating and illuminator |
| CN107135622A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-09-05 | 苏州霍姆特传感技术有限公司 | A kind of electric component box of solar energy |
| CN109724272A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-07 | 南昌航空大学 | The automatic solar energy tracking device of the sun is accurately tracked under a kind of any weather condition |
| CN112448668A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-05 | 河南农业大学 | Solar cell panel capable of automatically changing angle along with sunlight irradiation direction |
| CN114374359A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-04-19 | 任占清 | Combined solar photovoltaic panel frame |
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| CN109724272A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-07 | 南昌航空大学 | The automatic solar energy tracking device of the sun is accurately tracked under a kind of any weather condition |
| CN112448668A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-05 | 河南农业大学 | Solar cell panel capable of automatically changing angle along with sunlight irradiation direction |
| CN112448668B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2023-02-28 | 河南农业大学 | Solar cell panel capable of automatically changing angle along with sunlight irradiation direction |
| CN114374359A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-04-19 | 任占清 | Combined solar photovoltaic panel frame |
| CN114374359B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2024-04-05 | 浙江康帕斯流体技术股份有限公司 | Combined solar photovoltaic panel frame |
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Application publication date: 20140702 |