CN103904752A - Series super capacitor automatic equalizer circuit and equalization method - Google Patents
Series super capacitor automatic equalizer circuit and equalization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103904752A CN103904752A CN201410162273.6A CN201410162273A CN103904752A CN 103904752 A CN103904752 A CN 103904752A CN 201410162273 A CN201410162273 A CN 201410162273A CN 103904752 A CN103904752 A CN 103904752A
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Abstract
The invention provides a series super capacitor automatic equalizer circuit which comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a voltage detection unit, an N-channel MOS tube Q1, an NPN type triode Q2, an optocoupler Q3, an optocoupler Q4 and a control unit. One end of the resistor R1 and one end of the resistor R2 are connected with the input anode and the cathode of the optocoupler Q3 respectively, the other end of the resistor R1 and the other end of the resistor R2 are connected with the positive pole of a super capacitor C1, one end of the resistor R3 is connected with the positive pole of the super capacitor C1, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with an output collector of the optocoupler Q4, one end of the resistor R4 is connected with the positive pole of the super capacitor C1, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with a collector of the NPN type triode Q2, a pin 1 and a pin 2 at the input end of the voltage detection unit are connected between the positive pole and the negative pole of the super capacitor C1 in parallel, a pin 3 at the output end is connected with a grid electrode of the N-channel MOS tube Q1, a drain electrode of the N-channel MOS tube Q1 is connected with the input cathode of the optocoupler Q3, a source electrode of the N-channel MOS tube Q1 and an emitter of the NPN type triode Q2 are connected with the negative pole of the super capacitor C1, a base electrode of the NPN type triode Q2 is connected with the output emitter of the optocoupler Q4, and automatic voltage equalization of a series super capacitor is achieved.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to integrated circuit fields, be specifically related to a kind of serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit and equalization methods.
[background technology]
The monomer voltage of ultracapacitor is all very low at present, generally lower than 3V, need in actual applications a large amount of series connection to use, owing to needing to carry out high current charge-discharge use in application, therefore whether each ultracapacitor monomer voltage of series connection is unanimously vital.Because of the capacity tolerance of each ultracapacitor monomer in serial connected super capacitor module, the inconsistency of internal resistance and the impact of leakage current, can cause each ultracapacitor monomer in module, to have the unbalanced of voltage, and impact is used.Serious meeting damages whole ultracapacitor module.
Existing a kind of balanced way is for all pressing at each serial connected super capacitor monomer two ends resistance of parallel connection, as Fig. 1, the poor effect of this balanced way, can not be effectively balanced, because producing certain leakage current on resistance, the leakage current of whole ultracapacitor module is increased, impact application greatly.
The mode of another serial connected super capacitor module equalizing circuit is: to the default magnitude of voltage of each monomer; once the voltage of ultracapacitor is while reaching preset value; can carry out certain electric discharge to ultracapacitor monomer; make its lower voltage; thereby reach the object of protection ultracapacitor, see Fig. 2.The shortcoming of this circuit is: the electric current of electric discharge is less, ability of equalization deficiency, DeGrain.The heat simultaneously producing because of discharging current can affect the life-span of ultracapacitor.
[summary of the invention]
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit.
The technical solution used in the present invention is, structure serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit, comprise resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, voltage detection unit, N-channel MOS pipe Q1, NPN type triode Q2, optocoupler Q3, optocoupler Q4, control unit, resistance R 1, one end of R2 connects respectively the input anode of optocoupler Q3, negative electrode, the other end all connects the positive pole of ultracapacitor, one end of resistance R 3 connects the positive pole of ultracapacitor, the other end connects the output collector electrode of optocoupler Q4, one end of resistance R 4 connects the positive pole of ultracapacitor, the other end connects the collector electrode of NPN type triode Q2, input 1 pin of voltage detection unit, 2 pins are just being connected in parallel on ultracapacitor, between negative pole, output 3 pins connect the grid of N-channel MOS pipe Q1, the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 connects the input negative electrode of optocoupler Q3, the source electrode of N-channel MOS pipe Q1, the emitter of NPN type triode Q2 all connects the negative pole of ultracapacitor, the base stage of NPN type triode Q2 is connected with the output emitter of optocoupler Q4, the output of optocoupler Q3, the input of optocoupler Q4 is all connected with control unit,
Can also adopt another kind of scheme, serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit comprises resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, voltage detection unit, P channel MOS tube Q1, positive-negative-positive triode Q2, optocoupler Q3, optocoupler Q4, control unit, resistance R 1, one end of R2 connects respectively the input negative electrode of optocoupler Q3, anode, the other end all connects the negative pole of ultracapacitor, one end of resistance R 3 connects the negative pole of ultracapacitor, the other end connects the output emitter of optocoupler Q4, one end of resistance R 4 connects the negative pole of ultracapacitor, the other end connects the collector electrode of positive-negative-positive triode Q2, input 1 pin of voltage detection unit, 2 pins are just being connected in parallel on ultracapacitor, between negative pole, output 3 pins connect the grid of P channel MOS tube Q1, the drain electrode of P channel MOS tube Q1 connects the input anode of optocoupler Q3, the source electrode of P channel MOS tube Q1, the emitter of positive-negative-positive triode Q2 all connects the positive pole of super capacitor, the base stage of positive-negative-positive triode Q2 is connected with the output collector electrode of optocoupler Q4, the output of optocoupler Q3, the input of optocoupler Q4 is all connected with control unit.
Preferably, described serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit also comprises the switch element being connected with control unit, ultracapacitor.
Preferably, described NPN type triode Q2 model is that SS8050 or described positive-negative-positive triode Q2 model are SS8550.
Preferably, described N-channel MOS pipe Q1 model is that XP161A1355PR or described P channel MOS tube Q1 model are FDZ661PZ.
Preferably, described voltage detection unit model is XC161AC12702MR.
Preferably, described optocoupler Q3, Q4 model are PC1817 or TLP521-1.
Preferably, described control unit model is STC189C151RC1.
Preferably, the resistance of described resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4 is respectively 300 Ω, 10 Ω, 2.2K Ω, 2.2K Ω.
Preferably, described switch element is relay or switch.
The present invention also provides serial connected super capacitor automatic balancing method, comprises the steps:
S1: voltage detection unit monitoring super capacitor actuator temperature or its both end voltage;
S2: judge the whether super scope of super capacitor actuator temperature or its both end voltage, will carry out step S3 as super scope, as not super scope, carry out step S4;
S3: control unit cuts off the power supply of ultracapacitor, controls optocoupler Q4 conducting;
S4: control unit judges the whether conducting of optocoupler Q4 current state, as step S5 is carried out in conducting, as step S1 is carried out in conducting not;
S5: control unit recovers the power supply of ultracapacitor, controls optocoupler Q4 and disconnects.
Visible by such scheme, in real time the voltage of ultracapacitor is monitored by voltage detection unit, when voltage is exceeded to certain deviation, send instruction and also isolate and be sent to processor, processed by pre-set programs by processor; Each ultracapacitor monomer voltage, module voltage in monitoring serial connected super capacitor module; analyze the residing working point of part according to the instant operating current of system, ambient temperature; in the time that normal value is departed from device working point, carry out bypass, mend the balanced measures such as electricity; when serious, shut down and carry out the equilibrium of all devices collective; reach the initialized object of each monomer in ultracapacitor module, within ensureing that long term device is stably operated in normal range (NR).
[brief description of the drawings]
The serial connected super capacitor equalizing circuit schematic diagram that Fig. 1 capacitance-resistance is all pressed;
The serial connected super capacitor equalizing circuit schematic diagram in Fig. 2 belt discharge loop;
Serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit schematic diagram in Fig. 3 embodiment mono-;
Serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit schematic diagram in Fig. 4 embodiment bis-;
Fig. 5 serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization flow chart;
[embodiment]
In order to make technical scheme of the present invention, technique effect is clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described.
Embodiment mono-:
As Fig. 1, the capacitance of ultracapacitor C1 to Cn is identical, is one another in series, and each ultracapacitor is connected with identical equalizing circuit.Serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit in the present embodiment, comprises resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, voltage detection unit, control unit, N-channel MOS pipe Q1, NPN type triode Q2, optocoupler Q3, Q4.Resistance R 1, one end of R2 connects respectively the input anode of optocoupler Q3, input negative electrode, the other end all connects super capacitor C1 positive pole, one end of resistance R 3 is connected with super capacitor C1 is anodal, the other end connects the output collector electrode of optocoupler Q4, one end of resistance R 4 connects super capacitor C1 positive pole, the other end connects the collector electrode C1 of NPN type triode Q2, input 1 pin of voltage detection unit, 2 pins connect respectively the positive pole of ultracapacitor C1, negative pole, output 3 pins connect the grid G of N-channel MOS pipe Q1, the drain D of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 connects the input anode of optocoupler Q3, the source S of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, the emitter E of triode Q2 all connects the negative pole of super capacitor C1, the base stage B of triode Q2 is connected with the output emitter of optocoupler Q4, the output of optocoupler Q3, the input of optocoupler Q4 is all connected with control unit.Be provided with relay K at feeder ear simultaneously, relay K and the electrical connection of one end control unit, the other end is connected with ultracapacitor C1.NPN type triode model in the present embodiment is SS8050, N-channel MOS pipe model is XP161A1355PR, voltage detection unit model is XC161AC12702MR, optocoupler model Q3, Q4 model is PC1817 or TLP521-1, control unit model is STC189C151RC1, and the resistance of resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4 is respectively 300 Ω, 10 Ω, 2.2K Ω, 2.2K Ω, capacitance 10～3000pF of ultracapacitor C1.
Voltage detection unit can the temperature of real-time sampling ultracapacitor C1 and the voltage at its two ends, as temperature or voltage exceed the working temperature of ultracapacitor C1, when an absolute value scope of charging voltage nominal parameter, export a logic high " 1 " to metal-oxide-semiconductor, metal-oxide-semiconductor conducting, ultracapacitor C1, resistance R 2, metal-oxide-semiconductor forms the first discharge loop, realize the object of balanced ultracapacitor voltage, in the process of charge discharging resisting, the pressure drop at R2 two ends makes the light-emitting diode conducting in optocoupler Q3 luminous, output logic low level " 0 " is given control unit, control unit control simultaneously disconnects relay K, cut off the charging voltage of ultracapacitor C1.According to the low level output of optocoupler Q3, control unit output logic high level is to optocoupler Q4, Q4 conducting is luminous and make triode Q2 saturation conduction, super capacitor C1, R4, triode Q2 forms the second discharge loop, the also balanced voltage of ultracapacitor, along with the voltage at super capacitor two ends reduces rapidly, also fast reducing thereupon of self temperature; When making the temperature of super capacitor C1 or the voltage at its two ends, the double action of the first discharge loop and the second discharge loop is down to after target zone, voltage detection unit output logic low level signal is to metal-oxide-semiconductor, metal-oxide-semiconductor cut-off, thereby optocoupler Q3 also ends, control unit is according to the high level output of Q3, disconnect optocoupler Q4, control relay K closure, the power supply that recovers ultracapacitor C1.Relay K in the present embodiment can be other switching components, such as switch.
When arbitrary ultracapacitor overvoltage, the monomer voltage that control unit can be controlled each ultracapacitor automatically reaches identical value.
Embodiment bis-:
As Fig. 4, N-channel MOS pipe in this embodiment can also replace to P and link up metal-oxide-semiconductor, NPN type triode can also replace to positive-negative-positive triode, only need be by the positive and negative electrode location swap of ultracapacitor, input anode, the negative electrode link position of optocoupler Q3 exchange, the output collector electrode of optocoupler Q4, emitter link position exchanges, voltage detection unit output logic low level signal is to metal-oxide-semiconductor, control unit output logic high level is to optocoupler Q4, can realize equally multiple ultracapacitor voltage equalization function, specific works process repeats no more.Positive-negative-positive triode model in this embodiment is SS8550, and P channel MOS tube model is FDZ661PZ, identical with embodiment mono-of other components and parts model parameters.
The preferred embodiment that the foregoing is only this patent, is not limited to this patent, and for a person skilled in the art, this patent can have various modifications and variations.All within the spirit and principle of this patent, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in the protection range of this patent.
Claims (10)
1. serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit, comprise resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, voltage detection unit, N-channel MOS pipe Q1, NPN type triode Q2, optocoupler Q3, optocoupler Q4, control unit, resistance R 1, one end of R2 connects respectively the input anode of optocoupler Q3, negative electrode, the other end all connects the positive pole of ultracapacitor, one end of resistance R 3 connects the positive pole of ultracapacitor, the other end connects the output collector electrode of optocoupler Q4, one end of resistance R 4 connects the positive pole of ultracapacitor, the other end connects the collector electrode of NPN type triode Q2, input 1 pin of voltage detection unit, 2 pins are just being connected in parallel on ultracapacitor, between negative pole, output 3 pins connect the grid of N-channel MOS pipe Q1, the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 connects the input negative electrode of optocoupler Q3, the source electrode of N-channel MOS pipe Q1, the emitter of NPN type triode Q2 all connects the negative pole of ultracapacitor, the base stage of NPN type triode Q2 is connected with the output emitter of optocoupler Q4, the output of optocoupler Q3, the input of optocoupler Q4 is all connected with control unit,
Or comprise resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, voltage detection unit, P channel MOS tube Q1, positive-negative-positive triode Q2, optocoupler Q3, optocoupler Q4, control unit, resistance R 1, one end of R2 connects respectively the input anode of optocoupler Q3, negative electrode, the other end all connects the negative pole of ultracapacitor, one end of resistance R 3 connects the negative pole of ultracapacitor, the other end connects the output emitter of optocoupler Q4, one end of resistance R 4 connects the negative pole of ultracapacitor, the other end connects the collector electrode of positive-negative-positive triode Q2, input 1 pin of voltage detection unit, 2 pins are just being connected in parallel on ultracapacitor, between negative pole, output 3 pins connect the grid of P channel MOS tube Q1, the drain electrode of P channel MOS tube Q1 connects the input anode of optocoupler Q3, the source electrode of P channel MOS tube Q1, the emitter of positive-negative-positive triode Q2 all connects the positive pole of super capacitor, the base stage of positive-negative-positive triode Q2 is connected with the output collector electrode of optocoupler Q4, the output of optocoupler Q3, the input of optocoupler Q4 is all connected with control unit.
2. according to the serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit in claim 1, its feature is being that described serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit also comprises the switch element being connected with control unit, ultracapacitor.
3. according to the serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit in claim 1, its feature is being that described NPN type triode Q2 model is that SS8050 or described positive-negative-positive triode Q2 model are SS8550.
4. according to the serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit in claim 1, its feature is being that described N-channel MOS pipe Q1 model is that XP161A1355PR or described P channel MOS tube Q1 model are FDZ661PZ.
5. according to the serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit in claim 1, its feature is being that described voltage detection unit model is XC161AC12702MR.
6. according to the serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit in claim 1, its feature is being that described optocoupler Q3, Q4 model are PC1817 or TLP521-1.
7. according to the serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit in claim 1, its feature is being that described control unit model is STC189C151RC1.
8. according to the serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit in claim 1, its feature is respectively 300 Ω, 10 Ω, 2.2K Ω, 2.2K Ω in the resistance that is described resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4.
9. serial connected super capacitor automatic equalization circuit according to claim 2, is characterized in that described switch element is relay or switch.
10. the serial connected super capacitor automatic balancing method in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
S1: voltage detection unit monitoring super capacitor actuator temperature or its both end voltage;
S2: judge the whether super scope of super capacitor actuator temperature or its both end voltage, will carry out step S3 as super scope, as not super scope, carry out step S4;
S3: control unit cuts off the power supply of ultracapacitor, controls optocoupler Q4 conducting;
S4: control unit judges the whether conducting of optocoupler Q4 current state, as step S5 is carried out in conducting, as step S1 is carried out in conducting not;
S5: control unit recovers the power supply of ultracapacitor, controls optocoupler Q4 and disconnects.
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| CN201410162273.6A CN103904752A (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2014-04-22 | Series super capacitor automatic equalizer circuit and equalization method |
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| CN201410162273.6A CN103904752A (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2014-04-22 | Series super capacitor automatic equalizer circuit and equalization method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109888888A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-14 | 中航华东光电有限公司 | A kind of quick voltage equalizing circuit for supercapacitor group |
| CN111030262A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-04-17 | 江苏理工学院 | Equalization module circuit and equalization method of super capacitor |
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| CN202121334U (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2012-01-18 | 宋锡和 | Monocase charge-discharge end supplement equalization module and battery set equalization protection management system thereof |
| CN103187776A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-03 | 南车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Voltage balance circuit of super-capacitor module |
| CN203813486U (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-09-03 | 珠海市三川电子科技有限公司 | Series connected super-capacitor applied automatic balancing circuit |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101123360A (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-13 | 东华能源科技股份有限公司 | A method for resetting and locking charging status of serial battery |
| CN202121334U (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2012-01-18 | 宋锡和 | Monocase charge-discharge end supplement equalization module and battery set equalization protection management system thereof |
| CN103187776A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-03 | 南车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Voltage balance circuit of super-capacitor module |
| CN203813486U (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-09-03 | 珠海市三川电子科技有限公司 | Series connected super-capacitor applied automatic balancing circuit |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109888888A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-14 | 中航华东光电有限公司 | A kind of quick voltage equalizing circuit for supercapacitor group |
| CN111030262A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-04-17 | 江苏理工学院 | Equalization module circuit and equalization method of super capacitor |
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Application publication date: 20140702 |