CN103903380A - Composite fire detector applied to airplane cargo space special environment - Google Patents
Composite fire detector applied to airplane cargo space special environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite fire detector applied to an airplane cargo space special environment. The composite fire detector comprises a sensor module, a central control module, a power module, a CAN bus transmission module and a sound-light alarm module. The sensor module is formed by connecting in parallel a smoke sensor, a heat sensitive sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a pressure sensor and a humidity sensor. The central control module reads data of smoke, temperature, carbon monoxide concentration, pressure and humidity in the sensors in real time, automatically adjusts alarm threshold values are according to the pressure and humidity, and identifies interference sources and real fires in the environment. The sound-light alarm module is controlled by the central control module to send out an alarm indication or not. Under the condition that the network is connected, the CAN bus transmission module sends output signals of the central control module to a control platform. The composite fire detector can collect and analyze fire feature parameters and environment parameters so as to avoid the phenomenon that the composite fire detector mistakenly gives out an alarm due to changes of regional environment parameters, and can quickly detect the fires in the early stage.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fire detection technology field, be specifically related to a kind of combined fire detector for aircraft hold particular surroundings, this combined fire detector can also be used for the detection of the particular surroundingss such as similar aircraft hold.
Background technology
Aircraft hold is divided into air-tight cabin (directly do not communicate with ambient atmosphere, can regulate the environment such as pressure and temperature) and nonpressurized interior (directly communicating with ambient atmosphere) two classes.Because air-tight cabin can transport fresh and alive article, the cargo hold of present generation aircraft generally all adopts air-tight cabin.In order to make aircaft configuration can bear the pressure reduction inside and outside cabin, the pressure in airproof cargo hold also can change along with the variation of flying height.Cargo hold pressure, from taking off highly, declines with the environmental pressure of mushing, and flying height more high pressure is lower.Modern airline carriers of passengers is in the time of the height cruising flight of ten thousand metres left and right, and the pressure in cargo hold is about 0.8 standard atmospheric pressure.The air pressure formation to smoke particle that declines, coalescence and transport process are brought a series of impact, finally cause detector response under low pressure and atmospheric pressure environment to occur bigger difference, as optical detector of fire smoke response hardly in hypobaric hypoxia environment, cannot provide fire alarm [Tu R., Yu C.Y., Xiao X., Fang J., Zhang Y.M.Response of ordinary fire smoke detectors under different ambient pressure.14th International Conference on Automatic Fire Detection, Germany, 2009].The diversity of goods and environmental change factor are coupled and also can cause that detector reports by mistake in aircraft hold.For example, in the time a large amount of fresh fruit being housed in aircraft hold, along with the variation of cargo hold internal pressure, temperature, the moisture in fruit can enter in cargo hold, causes the variation of ambient humidity, condenses in smoke detector inside if any the globule, just may cause wrong report.Too much false alarm of fire not only brings huge economic loss to airline, and fire alarm is processed and by the process of emergency procedure landing, can be increased the possibility that pernicious aircraft accident occurs.Therefore, need design to be applicable to the fire detector of the particular surroundingss such as aircraft hold, to reduce rate of false alarm, reduce economic loss.
Patent of invention " linear multi-parameter composite fire detector (Granted publication CN101246628B) " has been introduced a kind of combined fire detector that is applied to the Code in Hazardous Special Locations such as industrial and mineral.Detector adopts semiconductor gas sensor, infrared smoke sensor, infra-red heat dependent sensor, infra red flame sensor to gather monitored area gas, smog, heat energy, four kinds of fire parameters of luminous energy.Detector is not considered the impact of the parameter such as environmental pressure, humidity on detection performance.
The patent No. is that the European patent of EP1732049A1 has been introduced a kind of combined fire detector that is applied to the particular surroundingss such as aircraft.Detector gathers monitored area smokescope, temperature, humidity, according to ambient humidity, temperature change smog alarm threshold value, can identify water vapor interference source.But detector is not considered the impact of environmental pressure on detector performance yet.According to probe algorithm described in this patent, when humidity increases, be identified as water vapor interference source probability and increase, smog alarm threshold value raises, if now pressure is lower, when fire occurs, smog alarm signal can bend down than normal pressure situation, can cause responding slack-off, even wrong report.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of combined fire detector for aircraft hold particular surroundings, this detector accuracy rate is high, response is rapid, both can work alone, and also can build fire detecting system, by CAN bus transfer signal.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of combined fire detector for aircraft hold particular surroundings, comprises sensor assembly, Central Control Module, power module, CAN bus transfer module and sound and light alarm module; Power module is connected with other each modules, for whole circuit provides electric power; Sensor assembly is connected with Central Control Module, by smoke transducer, heat sensitive sensor, carbon monoxide transducer, pressure transducer, humidity sensor and connect and form, can gather the smokescope of monitored area, temperature, carbonomonoxide concentration, pressure and humidity, and image data is sent to Central Control Module; Central Control Module is connected with other each modules, control duty and the data analysis of sensor assembly, smog, temperature, pressure, humidity data in read sensor in real time, automatically adjust alarm threshold value according to pressure, humidity, interference source and natural fire in environment-identification, control data setting and the duty of CAN bus transfer module, control the duty of sound and light alarm module; CAN bus module is connected with Central Control Module, is responsible for sending fire alarm signal and receiving control platform control signal to controlling platform; Sound and light alarm module is connected with Central Control Module, sends the instruction of reporting to the police in the time of fire.
Further, pressure transducer, humidity sensor collect monitored area real-time pressure and humidity, are sent to Central Control Module, and real-time pressure, humidity and original pressure, humidity are compared analysis by Central Control Module; In the time that pressure and humidity all maintain initial value, smog threshold value, temperature increase rate-valve value, CO rate of rise threshold value maintain initial set value; When pressure is constant, when humidity increases, be judged as in environment and exist water vapor interference source, smog threshold value to become large; When pressure diminishes, when humidity is constant, being judged as aircraft is environment under low pressure in cruising condition or monitored area, and smog threshold value, temperature increase rate-valve value, CO rate of rise threshold value all diminish; When pressure diminishes, when humidity increases, judge that testing environment exists 2 kinds of situations, the first, in cruising condition and cargo hold, there is water vapor interference source in aircraft, the second, aircraft is in propradation, and cabin internal pressure increases water vapor, in cabin, may have fire, now smog threshold value becomes large, and temperature increase rate-valve value and CO rate of rise threshold value diminish.
Further, the built-in sound and light alarm module of described combined fire detector and CAN bus transfer module, can be used as independent fire detector, also can be used for building network fire detection system.
Principle of the present invention is:
Main modular of the present invention forms as shown in Figure 1, comprises sensor assembly 1, Central Control Module 2, power module 3, CAN bus transfer module 4 and sound and light alarm module 5; Power module is connected with other each modules, for whole circuit provides electric power; Sensor assembly is connected with Central Control Module, by smoke transducer, heat sensitive sensor, carbon monoxide transducer, pressure transducer, humidity sensor and connect and form, can gather the smokescope of monitored area, temperature, carbonomonoxide concentration, pressure and humidity, and image data is sent to Central Control Module; Central Control Module is connected with other each modules, control duty and the data analysis of sensor assembly, smog, temperature, pressure, humidity data in read sensor in real time, automatically adjust alarm threshold value according to pressure, humidity, interference source and natural fire in environment-identification, control data setting and the duty of CAN bus transfer module, control the duty of sound and light alarm module; CAN bus module is connected with Central Control Module, is responsible for sending fire alarm signal and receiving control platform control signal to controlling platform; Sound and light alarm module is connected with Central Control Module, comprises fire alarm and fault alarm, sends the instruction of reporting to the police in the time of fire, or sends indicating fault in the time of the low electric weight of system and other faults of existence; Built-in sound and light alarm module and CAN bus transfer module, can be used as independent fire detector, also can be used for building network fire detection system;
Central Control Module 2 of the present invention adopts according to the probe algorithm of pressure, humidity adjustment alarm threshold value as shown in Figure 2, pressure transducer, humidity sensor collect monitored area real-time pressure and humidity, be sent to Central Control Module, real-time pressure, humidity and original pressure, humidity are compared analysis by Central Control Module; In the time that pressure and humidity all maintain initial value, smog threshold value, temperature increase rate-valve value, CO rate of rise threshold value maintain initial set value; When pressure is constant, when humidity increases, be judged as in environment and exist water vapor interference source, smog threshold value to become large, to eliminate the detector wrong report phenomenon being caused by water vapor; When pressure diminishes, when humidity is constant, being judged as aircraft is environment under low pressure in cruising condition or monitored area, and smog threshold value, temperature increase rate-valve value, CO rate of rise threshold value all diminish, and fails to report phenomenon to eliminate the detector that pressure decreased causes; When pressure diminishes, when humidity increases, judge that testing environment exists 2 kinds of situations, the first, in cruising condition and cargo hold, there is water vapor interference source in aircraft, the second, aircraft is in propradation, and cabin internal pressure increases water vapor, in cabin, may there is fire, in order to reduce pressure, the impact of detector performance is eliminated to wrong report simultaneously, it is large that smog threshold value becomes, and temperature increase rate-valve value and CO rate of rise threshold value diminish.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
(1), the present invention can Real-time Collection monitored area in smokescope, temperature, carbonomonoxide concentration, pressure, the multiple fire characteristic parameter of humidity and environmental parameter, by whether breaking out of fire of the comprehensive analysis and judgement monitored area to each sensing data, eliminate the impact on detector performance of pressure and humidity, eliminated by environmental parameter and changed the detector wrong report phenomenon causing.
(2), the present invention is by the comprehensive analysis to pressure and humidity, adjusts alarm threshold value, can realize early fire detection, improves fire detector responding ability.
(3), the built-in sound and light alarm module of the present invention and CAN bus transfer module, can be used as independent fire detector, also can be used for aircraft hold similar site and build network fire detection system.
(4), smoke transducer of the present invention, heat sensitive sensor, carbon monoxide transducer work alone separately, can carry out parameter configuration according to monitoring of environmental feature, the shortcoming that has overcome single-sensor accuracy, poor reliability, has improved the accuracy of detection.
(5), the present invention adopts and changes alarm threshold value algorithm and judge whether breaking out of fire, this probe algorithm is clear and intuitive, engineering technical personnel easily understand, and are easy to engineering operation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the each module composition frame chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that in probe algorithm of the present invention, threshold value is adjusted process flow diagram;
Fig. 3 is detection alarm process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with brief description of the drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment:
The present invention chooses components and parts on the basis that takes into full account detector accuracy and stability.
1) sensor assembly 1 comprises sense smoke sensor, heat sensitive sensor, carbon monoxide transducer, pressure transducer, humidity sensor.Sense smoke sensor adopts laser sense cigarette technology, comprises laser drive circuit, laser diode, optics smoke-box, silicon photocell.Laser drive circuit adopts constant-current source drive chip IC-WKN, and laser diode adopts N-type semiconductor laser diode, and power is 5mw, and wavelength is 850nm.Photo detector is selected bulk silicon photoelectric cell, can improve the sensitivity that faint scattered light is surveyed.Heat sensitive sensor adopts and responds Pt100 faster, working stability, and temperature-measuring range is-200～850 DEG C.Carbon monoxide transducer is selected TGS5042 electrochemical sensor, and this sensor has that good, the anti-gas interference performance of gas-selectively is strong, cost is low, the life-span is long and use ball bearing made using can have to CO gas the features such as good sensitivity.Pressure transducer adopts 1451 sensors, and measurement range is 0～2.0atm.Humidity sensor adopts HTU21D sensor, and measurement range is 0～100%HR.By AD translation function in Central Control Module, each sensor collection signal is processed.
2) Central Control Module 2 adopts LPC1766 chip, and this chip comprises 12 ADC up to the data-carrier store of the Flash storer of 512KB, 64KB, 2 CAN passages, 8 passages.Central Control Module is responsible for the data of sense smoke sensor, heat sensitive sensor, carbon monoxide transducer, pressure transducer, humidity sensor collection to store and analyze, and has judged whether that fire occurs; Central Control Module 1 is responsible for arranging transformat and the transfer rate of CAN bus module 4; Central Control Module 1 is responsible for driving sound and light alarm module 5 to provide the instruction of reporting to the police.
3) power module 3 comprises 3.3V lithium battery, BQ27510 electric weight detection chip, BQ27510 detects when battery electric quantity is too low, send alerting signal to Central Control Module 1, Central Control Module 1 driving malfunction LED light flicker, prompting staff changes battery in time.
4) CAN bus module 4 adopts the built-in CAN controller of LPC1766 and TJA1050 high-speed CAN transceiver.
5) sound and light alarm module comprises hummer, red alarm LED light, green fault LED light.In the time that Central Control Module defines fire generation, drive sound and light alarm module, hummer starts to pipe, red LED flicker.
In the present invention, smog alarm threshold value setting is that 97%/ft(light leak rate and smokescope are inversely proportional to), temperature alarming threshold value is that real time temperature is greater than original ambient temperature and temperature rise rate is greater than 0.2 DEG C/s, carbonic oxide alarming threshold value is that real-time carbonomonoxide concentration is greater than initial environment carbonomonoxide concentration and carbon monoxide rate of rise is greater than 0.5ppm/s, and this threshold value all can be adjusted as required.When smog, temperature, carbon monoxide, wherein any provides alerting signal, and Central Control Module sends alerting signal.
Adjust the probe algorithm of alarm threshold value as shown in Figure 2.
1) in the time that pressure and humidity all maintain initial value, smog threshold value, temperature increase rate-valve value, CO rate of rise threshold value maintain initial set value.
2) when pressure is constant, when humidity increases, be judged as in environment and have water vapor interference source, the change of smog threshold value is adjusted into greatly 92%, to eliminate the detector wrong report phenomenon being caused by water vapor.
3), when pressure diminishes, when humidity is constant, being judged as aircraft is environment under low pressure in cruising condition or monitored area.Contrast Wieser[Wieser, D., R Jauch, and U.Willi, The influence of high altitude on fire detectortest fires[J] .Fire Safety Journal, 1997.29 (2-3): experimental result p.195-204], the relation of combustion rate m and atmospheric pressure P is: m ∝ P
αin formula, α is constant.For normal heptane, α=1.3, press 1atm according to cruise 0.8atm and surface air of aircraft, and in two kinds of situations, combustion rate ratio is 0.748.Combustion rate affects during Initial Stage of Fire production concentration, smog threshold value, temperature increase rate-valve value, carbon monoxide rate of rise threshold value all become 97.8%/ft, 0.15 DEG C/s, 0.374ppm/s according to this ratio adjustment, fail to report phenomenon to eliminate the detector that pressure decreased causes.Specific formula for calculation is as follows:
Burning rate ratio
Smog threshold value S=1-(1-S
0) × β
Temperature increase rate-valve value dT=dT
0× β
Carbon monoxide rate of rise threshold value dCO=dCO
0× β
Wherein:
P is the real-time pressure that pressure transducer gathers;
P
0for initial environment pressure;
α is constant, selects according to monitored area combustible material, is defaulted as 1.3;
S
0for smog initial setting up threshold value;
DT
0for temperature increase speed initial setting up threshold value;
DCO
0for carbon monoxide rate of rise initial setting up threshold value.
4) when pressure diminishes, when humidity increases, judge that testing environment exists 2 kinds of situations, the first, in cruising condition and cargo hold, there is water vapor interference source in aircraft, the second, aircraft is in propradation, and cabin internal pressure increases water vapor, in cabin, may there is fire, in order to reduce pressure, the impact of detector performance is eliminated to wrong report simultaneously, the change of smog threshold value is adjusted into greatly 92%, and temperature increase rate-valve value and CO rate of rise threshold value diminish and be adjusted into 0.15 DEG C/s, 0.374ppm/s.Circular and 3) identical.
Detection alarm idiographic flow is as shown in Figure 3:
1) can the each functions of modules of initialization, test each components and parts and normally work;
2) determine whether to adopt CAN bus to build fire detecting system, if adopt CAN bus, start CAN bus module; If do not adopt CAN bus, detector enters independent working mode;
3) sensor assembly 1 sends data to Central Control Module 2, and Central Control Module 2 is adjusted threshold value according to pressure and humidity.Judge successively whether smog, temperature, carbonomonoxide concentration reach alarm threshold value, and wherein any sends alerting signal, Central Control Module is opened sound and light alarm module 5.If detector adds CAN bus system, by CAN bus module 4, alerting signal is sent to control platform.
Claims (3)
1. for a combined fire detector for aircraft hold particular surroundings, comprise sensor assembly, Central Control Module, power module, CAN bus transfer module and sound and light alarm module; It is characterized in that: power module is connected with other each modules, for whole circuit provides electric power; Sensor assembly is connected with Central Control Module, by smoke transducer, heat sensitive sensor, carbon monoxide transducer, pressure transducer, humidity sensor and connect and form, can gather the smokescope of monitored area, temperature, carbonomonoxide concentration, pressure and humidity, and image data is sent to Central Control Module; Central Control Module is connected with other each modules, control duty and the data analysis of sensor assembly, smog, temperature, pressure, humidity data in read sensor in real time, automatically adjust alarm threshold value according to pressure, humidity, interference source and natural fire in environment-identification, control data setting and the duty of CAN bus transfer module, control the duty of sound and light alarm module; CAN bus module is connected with Central Control Module, is responsible for sending fire alarm signal and receiving control platform control signal to controlling platform; Sound and light alarm module is connected with Central Control Module, sends the instruction of reporting to the police in the time of fire.
2. a kind of combined fire detector for aircraft hold particular surroundings according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: pressure transducer, humidity sensor collect monitored area real-time pressure and humidity, be sent to Central Control Module, real-time pressure, humidity and original pressure, humidity are compared analysis by Central Control Module; In the time that pressure and humidity all maintain initial value, smog threshold value, temperature increase rate-valve value, CO rate of rise threshold value maintain initial set value; When pressure is constant, when humidity increases, be judged as in environment and exist water vapor interference source, smog threshold value to become large; When pressure diminishes, when humidity is constant, being judged as aircraft is environment under low pressure in cruising condition or monitored area, and smog threshold value, temperature increase rate-valve value, CO rate of rise threshold value all diminish; When pressure diminishes, when humidity increases, judge that testing environment exists 2 kinds of situations, the first, in cruising condition and cargo hold, there is water vapor interference source in aircraft, the second, aircraft is in propradation, and cabin internal pressure increases water vapor, in cabin, may have fire, now smog threshold value becomes large, and temperature increase rate-valve value and CO rate of rise threshold value diminish.
3. a kind of combined fire detector for aircraft hold particular surroundings according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the built-in sound and light alarm module of described combined fire detector and CAN bus transfer module, can be used as independent fire detector, also can be used for building network fire detection system.
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| CN105225397A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-01-06 | 上海斐讯数据通信技术有限公司 | Fast-escape method and system when a kind of fire occurs |
| CN105371895A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-03-02 | 中山市厚源电子科技有限公司 | Sound alarm system used for space shuttle based on internet of things |
| CN105788154A (en) * | 2014-12-20 | 2016-07-20 | 西安博康中瑞船舶设备有限公司 | Gas fire alarm having environment monitoring function |
| CN108701394A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2018-10-23 | 鞍点有限责任两合公司 | Modular multisensor formula fire and/or spark alarm |
| CN109889604A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-06-14 | 深圳市中电数通智慧安全科技股份有限公司 | A kind of internet-of-things terminal parameter management method, device and server |
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| CN110585625A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-20 | 中车大连机车研究所有限公司 | Self-adjustable locomotive fire prevention and control system |
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| CN110322656A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-11 | 三一重机有限公司 | Digger engine cabin fire automatic alarm device and excavator |
| CN110585625A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-20 | 中车大连机车研究所有限公司 | Self-adjustable locomotive fire prevention and control system |
| CN110706445A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-01-17 | 中车大连机车研究所有限公司 | Locomotive fire prevention and control method for plateau environment self-adaptation |
| CN110706445B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-08-20 | 中车大连机车研究所有限公司 | Locomotive fire prevention and control method for plateau environment self-adaptation |
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