CN103899694A - Heavy truck brake pad and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Heavy truck brake pad and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103899694A CN103899694A CN201410037601.XA CN201410037601A CN103899694A CN 103899694 A CN103899694 A CN 103899694A CN 201410037601 A CN201410037601 A CN 201410037601A CN 103899694 A CN103899694 A CN 103899694A
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Abstract
The invention provides a heavy truck brake pad and a manufacturing method thereof. The heavy truck brake pad is characterized by comprising nettle fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, polyimide modified epoxy resin, a silane coupling agent, ultra-fine ferric oxide powder, zirconia- magnesia, flake graphite, flexible coke powder, soft ultra-fine calcium carbonate, hollow microsphere powder, vermiculite, calcium sulfate whiskers and baryta powder. The brake pad comprises, by weight, 15-20 parts of reinforcing fibers, 10-15 parts of adhesives, 10-15 parts of a friction performance modifier and 40-50 parts of filler. The method includes the steps that firstly, the natural nettle fibers and the carbon fibers are blended to manufacture slub yarn, and then woven into three-dimensional integral fiber to serve as a reinforcing framework; then resin, the filler and the friction performance modifiers are injected by means of the molding process; finally, the friction pad is formed through the extrusion and casting process. The manufactured high-performance friction pad has the advantages of being high in strength, good in rigidity, small in wear rate in braking, and various performances can meet use requirements of duty trucks.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heavy-duty automobile brake brake block technical field, be specifically related to a kind of heavy truck brake block and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Along with automobile is to heavy loading and speed up development, the performance requirement of the friction braking material of people to automobile is more and more higher.The feature of heavy-duty cargo truck is that high load, large conveying quantity, starting are frequent, frequently braking when low speed descending, Emergency braking while running at high speed, belongs to " high technology content " product in brake system.Truck transport condition harshness, the heavy truck brake block of application easily produces fracture or surface checking under these conditions at present, is badly in need of high strength brake block, to meet the needs of heavy-duty car brake block.
Brake block belongs to composite material, and its performance is affected by the factors such as the performance, content, proportioning, physical dimension of its component directly.Particularly reinforcing fiber, the property relationship of the main components such as Bond and friction material is the closest.From using cotton thread to be born as the first brake strip of reinforcing fiber, to asbestos brake strip, semimetal friction material, then to NAO friction material, high performance carbon fiber strengthens friction material, is all research and development and the application that is accompanied by novel enhanced material.And the emphasis of lorry brake block development is to make reinforcing fiber give full play to enhancing skeleton function, reduce crack, crack performance in brake block processing and using process.
Nettle be main product in the wild natural fibre of north of China, belong to the one of bast-fibre.Thick in the middle of nettle fibre, two is thin, is dumbbell shape, and its content of lignin is high, has the features such as fiber rigidity is large, rupture strength is high, breaking elongation is little, initial modulus is large.Prepare friction material using natural nettle fibre as reinforcing fiber, can effectively improve the toughness of brake block, extend the working life of brake disc, do not produce or produce less harmful friction dust, meet modern environmental requirement, represent the developing direction of current friction material.In addition, China's 12 planning are put into exploitation renewable biomass resource the precedence of national development strategy, and exploitation nettle can make full use of natural green resource, Biomass Industry Development of China, meets current national policy.
Carbon fiber has that specific strength is high, specific modulus advantages of higher, and tensile strength is 7～9 times of steel, is used widely at aerospace field.But mainly there is three aspects: problem as the reinforcement of friction material in carbon fiber: the one, the prices of raw and semifnished materials are high; The 2nd, carbon fiber is more crisp, step-down is answered in inefficacy, shock resistance is poor; The 3rd, carbon fiber surface activity is low, and specific surface area is little, poor with matrix resin compatibility.If carbon fiber and natural nettle fibre are mixed to use, can make the characteristic of two kinds of fibers obtain compound, optimization, complementation, thereby improve the performance of friction material.
3 D weaving technology is a kind of novel high-performance composite material preparation technology growing up from 20 end of the centurys, and the object that develops it is the shortcoming that is difficult to structural member and the high function product of making primary load bearing in order to solve conventional composite materials.And common fiber reinforcement brake block is typical brittle matrix composite, its interface is the weak link of material internal, and the interfacial structure of fiber and matrix, filler and performance greatly affect the mechanical property of material.
Summary of the invention
First object of the present invention is that a kind of intensity providing for the shortcoming of existing heavy truck brake block is high, a kind of heavy truck brake block of good toughness.On the one hand, adopt biomimetic features design, nettle fibre and carbon fiber blending are prepared to slub, utilize the dumbbell shaped structure of nettle fibre simultaneously, end ball can make axial stress be evenly distributed of fiber in brake block, reduces interface shearing power simultaneously; On the other hand, adopt 3 D weaving technology that slub is spun into 3-D solid structure, improved the transmission of power, make the less dependence of composite property interface, significantly promote the impact toughness of brake block and the ability of opposing Crack Extension, the intensity of material and impact toughness are improved greatly.
Its advantage is the enhancing effect that slub can significantly improve fiber, makes the less dependence boundary strength of performance of composite material, and its tensile strength reaches 5～8 times of common brake block, and flexural strength is 1.5 times of common brake block; D braided composites prepared by employing slub is as strengthening skeleton, its effect is similar to the Deformed Steel Bars structural framing in building, can improve intensity and the toughness of brake block, effectively reduce the crack performance in brake block using process, meet the necessary performance requirement of heavy truck skidding.
Second object of the present invention is to make full use of existing natural nettle fibre, prepare a kind of tenor low, when braking, wear rate is little, chatter is less, noise free in braking process, do not produce harmful gas and powder, the preparation method of environment amenable truck brake block.
Implementation method of the present invention is as follows:
For realizing first object of the present invention, the present invention adopts D braided composites as strengthening skeleton, first natural nettle fibre and carbon fiber blending are prepared to slub, adopt 3 D weaving machine to be compiled into preshaped body, adopt again moulding technology resin by injection, filler and frictional property regulator etc., finally utilize Extrution casting technique to solidify to form high performance heavy truck brake block.
For realizing second object of the present invention, a kind of key component of heavy truck brake block is as follows: nettle fibre, carbon fiber, aramid fiber fibril, In Epoxy-imide Resin, silane coupler, superfine iron oxide powder, zirconium oxide-magnesium oxide, crystalline flake graphite, flexible coke powder, soft calcium carbonate superfine powder, tiny balloon powder, vermiculite, calcium sulfate crystal whiskers, blanc fixe.
Concrete technology flow process is as follows:
1, nettle fibre pretreatment: nettle will pass through chemical method and ultrasonic combined pretreatment before using: it is in 5% NaOH solution that nettle fibre is soaked in to mass fraction, boil and process 3h, be placed into again in ultrasonic generator, frequency is 28kHz, power 2000W processes 200g at every turn, 50～60 ℃ of temperature controlling range, then the nettle deionized water rinsing that is separated into single fiber is to neutral, dry for standby.
2, fiber blend is prepared slub: the spinning method of slub is on the PLC of spinning frame, to configure fixing spinning program, controls motor and changes process parameter, produces satisfactory slub.Wherein the blending ratio of nettle fibre and carbon fiber is 75/25, the long 10～15mm of joint, and ring is doubly slightly 3 times, finally makes the slub that fineness is 72tex.That thereby the characteristic that makes two kinds of fibers obtains is compound, optimization, complementation, thereby improves friction material intensity and toughness.
3, spinning 3-D solid structure: the slub making take nettle fibre and carbon fiber blending, as raw material, utilizes 3 D weaving machine to be compiled into preshaped body, is used as the enhancing skeleton of brake block.Its size and common brake block approach, and its product thickness is about 35mm, and porosity ratio is 84%.In three-dimensional woven preshaped body, fiber is interweaved on three-dimensional, forms an overall space reticular structure, thereby has strengthened composite material from structure, avoids brake block to produce fracture or crack performance.
4, raw material is mixed: in automatic batching system, prepare burden, according to the ratio of formula, material is put into self-control stirrer and stir 5～8min, rotating speed is 400～600r/min.In test preparation process, according to the size of the intensity of brake block, friction ractor and level of noise, the pro rate of raw material is adjusted.
5, raw material injects: 3 D weaving preshaped body is put in the die cavity of mold closing, utilizes pressing injector that the raw material mixing is injected to die cavity, utilize vacuum pump to vacuumize simultaneously, make raw material fully enter 3 D weaving preshaped body, and primary solidification moulding.Wherein injection pressure is 2Mpa.
6, squeeze cast form: after raw material being injected in the die cavity that 3 D weaving preshaped body is housed, in pressure head effect, raw material is solidified, the extrusion equipment using is YA32-100 type extrusion press, wherein pressing speed is 7mm/s, pressure is 60MPa left and right, hot pressing temperature is 170 ℃, and pressure pressing time is 6～10min.
7, heat treatment stages: brake block material can be stablized more in order to make, heat resistance is higher, therefore needs to heat-treat,, friction material is placed under the environment that temperature remains on 200 ℃ more than heating reaches 5h.
8, the grinding and cutting stage: the brake block after heat treatment, its surface still needs crinosity limit, therefore needs just can make smooth through grinding and cutting.
Described reinforcing fiber comprises nettle fibre, carbon fiber, aramid fiber fibril.
Wherein nettle fibre will pass through chemical method and ultrasonic combined pretreatment before using.Nettle fibre average single fiber length 36mm after treatment, average single fiber fineness 0.7tex, ultimate fibre rupture strength 5.5cN/dtex.Exploitation nettle can make full use of natural green resource, Biomass Industry Development of China, meets current national policy.
Carbon fiber is wherein domestic T-700 high-strength carbon fiber, and tension can reach 4.9Gpa, density 1.8g/cm
3.Have that specific strength is high, specific modulus advantages of higher, tensile strength is the features such as 7～9 times of steel, is heavily applicable to producing for truck, train etc. braking vehicle brake block used frequently.By nettle fibre and the blending of carbon fiber certain proportion, adopt slub spinning technology to prepare reinforcing material.That the characteristic of two kinds of fibers obtains is compound, optimization, complementation.
Aramid fiber fibril is wherein the velvet-like fiber that grinds to form fibril, and surface is fluffy filoplume shape, presents stable friction factor in friction material, and wear rate is low, the advantage that intensity is good.The performance index of the aramid fiber fibril that the present invention uses are as follows: length of staple 0.5～2.2mm, tensile strength 16～20 × 103K/cm
2.
Tackiness agent used in the present invention is In Epoxy-imide Resin.Polyimide epoxy resin is produced by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, adopts polyimide to carry out modified epoxy preparation, thereby improves heat resistance and the toughness of epoxy resin.This tackiness agent all has excellent adhesive property, its heat decomposition temperature to reach 600 ℃ to metal, Cab-O-sil, graphite etc., and its tensile breaking strength can reach 400Mpa, and prepared brake block at high temperature stable friction performance is good, and anti-character of heat-fading is strong.
The frictional property regulator using in the present invention is superfine iron oxide powder, zirconium oxide-magnesium oxide, and crystalline flake graphite, flexible coke powder.
Superfine iron oxide powder is black powder, is to select the low wrought iron base material of hardness to form through special processes, has that hardness is low, high porosity, high temperature resistant, resistance to oxidation, a feature that cost is low, can reduce noise and shake while braking.
Zirconium oxide and magnesian blending material have high hardness, high strength, high tenacity, the physical and chemical performance that high wear resistance and chemical resistance etc. is good.Be applied to friction material, be conducive to the stable of brake block high temperature friction performance, improve and increase the effect of rubbing, reduce the wear rate of brake block, increase the service life.
Flexible coke powder is to select the petroleum coke that hardness is low, the porosity is high after high-temperature roasting, carry out soften handled again and obtain, and can improve the frictional behaviour of friction material, the character of heat-fading of friction material while alleviating high temperature.
In patent of the present invention, use filler for tiny balloon powder, vermiculite, calcium sulfate crystal whiskers.
Tiny balloon powder chief component is wherein borosilicate, Mean particle diameter: 35 μ m, relative density is 0.70g/cm
3, fusing point: 700 ℃.As filler, particle spherical-like morphology contributes to improve the dimensional stability of brake block, reduces product weight.
Calcium sulfate crystal whiskers is fibrous monocrystal, has high strength, high-modulus, high tenacity, high-insulativity, abrasion performance, many good physicochemical properties such as high temperature resistant, inexpensive.In patent of the present invention, use the index of calcium sulfate crystal whiskers: length is about 150um, diameter 7～8um, fusing point: more than 1000 ℃.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of 3 D weaving preshaped body in patent of the present invention
Embodiment:
D braided composites prepared by a kind of heavy truck brake block employing nettle fibre and carbon fiber blended slub yarn is as strengthening skeleton, first natural nettle fibre and carbon fiber blending are prepared to slub, be woven into the three-dimension integrally fabric with brake block consistent size, adopt again moulding technology resin by injection, filler and frictional property regulator etc., finally utilize Extrution casting technique to solidify to form high performance heavy truck brake block.The advantages such as product not only can meet the requirement of truck to properties such as friction factor, wear rate, hardness, impact toughness, and has braking noise free, free from environmental pollution.
The present invention through test of many times obtain optimum formula ratio be:
The technological process using of this formula:
1, nettle fibre pretreatment: nettle will pass through chemical method and ultrasonic combined pretreatment before using: it is in 5% NaOH solution that nettle fibre is soaked in to mass fraction, boil and process 3h, be placed into again in ultrasonic generator, frequency is 28kHz, power 2000W processes 200g at every turn, 50～60 ℃ of temperature controlling range, then the nettle deionized water rinsing that is separated into single fiber is to neutral, dry for standby.
2, fiber blend is prepared slub: the spinning method of slub is on spinning frame, on PLC, to configure fixing spinning program, controls motor and changes process parameter, produces satisfactory slub.Wherein the blending ratio of nettle fibre and carbon fiber is 75/25, the long 10～15mm of joint, and ring is doubly slightly 3 times, finally makes the slub that fineness is 72tex.
3, spinning 3-D solid structure: the slub making take nettle fibre and carbon fiber blending, as raw material, utilizes 3 D weaving machine to be compiled into preshaped body, is used as the enhancing skeleton of brake block.Its size and common brake block approach, and its product thickness is about 35mm, and porosity ratio is 84%.
4, raw material is mixed: in automatic batching system, prepare burden, according to the ratio of formula, material is put into self-control stirrer and stir 5～8min, rotating speed is 400～600r/min.
5, raw material injects: 3 D weaving preshaped body is put in the die cavity of mold closing, utilizes pressing injector that the raw material mixing is injected to die cavity, utilize vacuum pump to vacuumize simultaneously, make raw material fully enter 3 D weaving preshaped body, then primary solidification moulding.Wherein injection pressure is 2Mpa.
6, squeeze cast form: after raw material being injected in the die cavity that 3 D weaving preshaped body is housed, in pressure head effect, raw material is solidified, the extrusion equipment using is YA32-100 type extrusion press, wherein pressing speed is 7mm/s, pressure is 60MPa left and right, hot pressing temperature is 170 ℃, and pressure pressing time is 6～10min.
7, heat treatment stages: brake block material can be stablized more in order to make, heat resistance is higher, therefore needs to heat-treat, and friction material is placed under the environment that temperature remains on 200 ℃ more than heating reaches 5h.
8, the grinding and cutting stage: the brake block after heat treatment, its surface still needs crinosity limit, therefore needs just can make smooth through grinding and cutting.
The present invention as strengthening in the formula of brake block of skeleton, makes full use of the multiple crudefiber crop of China as the raw material of industry in the D braided composites of preparing using nettle and carbon fiber blending, and of the present invention is nettle fibre.And repeatedly the pro rate of various raw materials in formula is repeatedly adjusted, utilize novel high-performance fiber improve existing heavy truck be easy to fracture, surface checking shortcoming, in conjunction with vacuumizing method and Extrution casting technique, finally form a kind of production technology formula of high-performance truck brake block.This brake block is through the road test of tens of trucks, and the properties such as its friction factor, wear rate, hardness, impact toughness all reach usage requirement.
Claims (3)
1. heavy truck brake block and preparation method thereof, is characterized in that: its component comprises nettle fibre, carbon fiber, aramid fiber fibril, In Epoxy-imide Resin, silane coupler, superfine iron oxide powder, zirconium oxide-magnesium oxide, crystalline flake graphite, flexible coke powder, soft calcium carbonate superfine powder, tiny balloon powder, vermiculite, calcium sulfate crystal whiskers, blanc fixe.The weight fraction of described each component: 15～20 parts of reinforcing fibers, 10～15 parts, tackiness agent, 10～15 parts of frictional property regulators, 40～50 parts of fillers.
2. a kind of heavy truck brake block according to claim 1 and preparation method thereof, is characterized in that first nettle fibre and carbon fiber blending being prepared to slub, utilizes the enhancing effect of its dumbbell shape Structure Improvement fiber.Wherein the blending ratio of nettle fibre and carbon fiber is 75/25, the long 10～15mm of joint, and ring is doubly slightly 2 times, the fineness of slub is 72tex.
3. a kind of heavy truck brake block according to claim 1 and preparation method thereof, its feature is being that slub prepared by nettle fibre and carbon fiber blending is woven into three-dimension integrally fabric, and as the enhancing skeleton of brake block, adopt again moulding technology resin by injection, filler and frictional property regulator etc., finally utilize Extrution casting technique to solidify to form high performance heavy truck brake block.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN105216343A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2016-01-06 | 江南大学 | The woven precast body of a kind of 2.5 dimension carbon fiber strengthens resin-matrix friction material |
| CN106050990A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-10-26 | 姜宜宽 | Brake pad taking coir fibers as framework and preparation method thereof |
| CN107387616A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-24 | 长沙五犇新材料科技有限公司 | One kind friction layer material |
| CN109630577A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-04-16 | 上海华信摩擦材料有限公司 | A kind of Friction material for auto brake pad and preparation method thereof |
| CN110715006A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-01-21 | 杭州临安华龙摩擦材料有限公司 | Friction plate for light mechanical brake disc and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105216343A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2016-01-06 | 江南大学 | The woven precast body of a kind of 2.5 dimension carbon fiber strengthens resin-matrix friction material |
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| CN109630577A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-04-16 | 上海华信摩擦材料有限公司 | A kind of Friction material for auto brake pad and preparation method thereof |
| CN110715006A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-01-21 | 杭州临安华龙摩擦材料有限公司 | Friction plate for light mechanical brake disc and preparation method thereof |
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