CN103898015A - Vibrio alginolyticus bacteriophage and application thereof to prevention of sea cucumber disease - Google Patents

Vibrio alginolyticus bacteriophage and application thereof to prevention of sea cucumber disease Download PDF

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CN103898015A
CN103898015A CN201410108994.9A CN201410108994A CN103898015A CN 103898015 A CN103898015 A CN 103898015A CN 201410108994 A CN201410108994 A CN 201410108994A CN 103898015 A CN103898015 A CN 103898015A
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phage
vibrio alginolyticus
bacteriophage
vibrio
sea cucumber
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CN103898015B (en
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徐永平
张建城
曹振辉
王丽丽
李振
徐乐
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Dalian University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a vibrio alginolyticus bacteriophage and application thereof to prevention of sea cucumber disease, belonging to the technical field of biology. The bacteriophage is collected in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on March 11, 2014 and has a collection number of CGMCC No.8792 and a classification name of Vibrio alginolyticus bacteriophage; the vibrio alginolyticus bacteriophage is a short-tailed phage, has a head diameter being 50 nanometers and tail length being 15 nanometers, and has no shrinkage tail sheath and six short tail fibers. The bacteriophage is used for preventing infection and pollution caused by corresponding vibrio alginolyticus in the culturing process of sea cucumbers, and the potency is more than or equal to 10<5>PFU/mL. The bacteriophage has an inhibiting function on vibrio alginolyticus, and no vibrio alginolyticus-resistant strain is produced within 12 hours; the incubation period lasts for 28 minutes, the burse size is 79, and two orders of magnitude are lowered within 14 days in a seawater culturing environment.

Description

A kind of vibrio alginolyticus phage and the application in sea cucumber disease prevention thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological technical field, relate to phage isolate that a strain can specificity cracking vibrio alginolyticus (Vibrio alginolyticus) bacterial strain and the application in sea cucumber disease prevention area thereof.
Background technology
Sea cucumber (Holothurioidea) is one of marine cultured animal of Northern Coastal Region of China area output value maximum.According to statistics, nearly 90,000 hectares of China's holothruian cultures area at present, nearly 100,000 tons of output, more than 100 hundred million yuan of annual value of production (Chinese sea cucumber academic research and industry development forum, 2009).But along with the rapid increase of apostichopus japonicus culture scale and cultivation density, aquaculture water runs down in recent years, disease problem is also on the rise.Vibrio alginolyticus (Vibrio alginolyticus) is a kind of common Marine Pathogenic Bacteria, and this bacterium is to cause one of the Main Pathogenic Bacteria of sea cucumber trouble Beancurd sheet syndromes of growing up, and mortality ratio, up to 90%, has seriously limited the sustainable and healthy development of holothruian cultures industry.Meanwhile, vibrio alginolyticus is also the encountered pathogenic bacteria that causes clinically coastland fishery products food poisoning and acute diarrhea.
Phage is a bacterioid venereal disease poison, can be in somatic cells quick copy propagation, thereby and final cracking bacterium reach antibacterial effect.Phage therapy is to utilize the characteristic of phage splitting bacterium to prevent and treat human or animal's bacterial infection.In recent years, research discovery Phage therapy can effectively be prevented and treated bacteriosis of aquatic livestock.As the haliotis discus hannai Ino pustulosis of utilizing the infection of phage control Yellowtail fish Lactococcus garvieae (Lactococcus garvieae), sweetfish cold water disease, distortion pseudomonas (Pseudomonas plecoglossicida) infection, prawn Vibrio harveyi (Vibrio harveyi) disease and vibrio fluvialis (Vibrio fluvialis) to cause.Although phage has been confirmed in the effect of control terrestrial animal and aquatic animal (Yellowtail fish, sweetfish, prawn etc.) bacteriosis in laboratory, but have not yet to see about the research report for sea cucumber disease control by phage, and some key issues in Phage therapy process not yet solve, concrete mechanism of action is still not clear.
Phage isolate in the present invention is the virulent phage separating from occurring in nature, through mouse safety experiment prove its safely, have no side effect, and vibrio alginolyticus is had to strong splitting action.After this phage is purified, be expected to be developed to the sea cucumber disease being caused by vibrio alginolyticus for biological bactericide prevention and control.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of disease being caused by vibrio alginolyticus in lytic phage prevention holothruian cultures of applying, reduce the mortality ratio being caused by this disease, can improve the technological method of holothruian cultures Business Economic Benefit.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to provide a kind of vibrio alginolyticus phage, this vibrio alginolyticus phage is preserved on March 11st, 2014 that " China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms " center "; preserving number CGMCC No.8792, Classification And Nomenclature is vibrio alginolyticus phage Vibrio alginolyticus bacteriophage.China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms centre address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, postcode: 100101.This vibrio alginolyticus phage is Caudoviradles, Podoviridae, and head diameter 50nm, the long 15nm of afterbody, without shrinking caudal sheath, has 6 short-tail silks.
In the present invention, vibrio alginolyticus phage refined solution has good preventive effect (survival rate improves more than 50%) for the sea cucumber disease being caused by vibrio alginolyticus.Vibrio alginolyticus phage refined solution is applied to the infection and the pollution that prevent and treat corresponding vibrio alginolyticus in holothruian cultures process, wherein, tire>=10 5pFU/mL.This vibrio alginolyticus phage has good restraining effect to vibrio alginolyticus, in 12h, produces without phage resistance bacterial strain; Latent period 28min, burst size is 79, its phage refined solution has reduced by two orders of magnitude in sea water culture environment in 14 days.
Pnagus medius of the present invention is through mouse safety experiment, and abdominal injection gives phage experimental group 10 10the phage refined solution of PFU/kg, control group gives equivalent physiological saline, gives continuously after 15 days, de-mouse neck is put to death, postmortem, pathology symptom is not all found in its lung, liver, kidney, abdominal cavity, this phage of preliminary identification is safe.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. separating acquisition one strain phage PVA1 has good dissipation effect to pathogenic vibrio alginolyticus, and produces without phage resistance bacterial strain in 12h;
2. above-mentioned phage refined solution is in aquaculture water, two orders of magnitude that only declined of tiring in 14 days, and environmental resistance is better, has certain practicality basis;
3. the safety experiment of above-mentioned phage refined solution in Mice Body shows continuous 15 days administration no abnormality seens, security in its body of preliminary identification;
Above-mentioned phage refined solution (tire>=10 5pFU/mL) there is good preventive effect (survival rate improves more than 50%) for the sea cucumber disease being caused by pathogenic vibrio alginolyticus;
5. phage is extensively present in occurring in nature as natural antibacterial microorganism, artificial screening, enrichment are also used phage preparation can replace traditional chemical drug, antibiotic use, have nuisanceless, noresidue, the features such as cheapness, high-efficiency antimicrobial are a kind of natural bactericidal agents that has a extensive future, has a high potential.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is phage PVA1 transmission electron microscope picture.
Fig. 2 is phage PVA1 In Vitro Bacteriostasis result.
Fig. 3 is phage PVA1 one step growth.
Fig. 4 is the degraded situation of phage PVA1 refined solution in analog culture water body.
Fig. 5 is the preventive effect of various dose phage PVA1 refined solution for vibrio alginolyticus.
In figure: doxycycline (5mg/L);
Figure BDA0000480418370000034
sulphuric acid kanamycin (10mg/L);
Figure BDA0000480418370000035
high dosage MOI=10;
Figure BDA0000480418370000033
middle dosage MOI=1;
Figure BDA0000480418370000032
low dosage MOI=0.1; blank.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The screening of phage and purifying
(1) water sampling and processing
(1) preparation of Host Strains
Vibrio alginolyticus is inoculated in 2216E solid medium after bacteriology is identified, is stored in 4 ℃ of refrigerators.Screening is with Host Strains through 28 ℃ of incubated overnight, and the single bacterium colony of picking, is inoculated in 2216E liquid nutrient medium, after 28 ℃ of shaking culture 8h, is used for separating phage and uses.
(2) processing of water sample
Get and come from apostichopus japonicus culture field, Dalian and the each 200mL of fish market, Daliang City sewage draining exit wastewater sample, water sample is done to pre-treatment: add CaCl2, MgCl 2, making its final concentration is 1mmol/L, acts on about 10min.
(2) enrichment of water sample phage
By pretreated above-mentioned process water sample, the centrifugal 5min of 10000g, collects supernatant; Supernatant is crossed to 0.22 μ m filter membrane, except other compositions such as thalline, impurity, obtain phage stoste; Get 10mL filtrate and add that (about 5h after inoculation, phage final concentration reaches 10 in logarithmic phase 6-10 7when CFU/mL, i.e. logarithmic phase) 50mL bacterium liquid in, 28 ℃ of incubated overnight 12-18h, object is to make the amplification of phage quantity, observes and record; Collect bacterium liquid, the centrifugal 5min of 10000g, collects supernatant, and after filter membrane, (0.22 μ m), obtains the phage supernatant liquor after propagation.
(3) screening of phage
Adopt double-layer plate method to carry out the evaluation of phage, lower floor is the 2216E solid medium of 1.5% agar, be placed in 4 ℃ for subsequent use, with being front put in 28 ℃, about 30min; Upper strata is 0.5% agar 2216E substratum, by upper strata substratum heating for dissolving, is positioned in the water-bath of 50 ℃ stand-byly, gets 8 10mL centrifuge tubes, adds respectively 1mL Host Strains liquid, draws phage suspension liquid and carry out gradient dilution to 10 -6the phage diluent of 7 kinds of different concns gradients is taken out respectively to 10 μ L, be added in 10mL centrifuge tube, a control group is set, only adds 1mL Host Strains liquid and 10 μ L2216E substratum, at 28 ℃, act on 10min, after the 2216E substratum that adds 5mL to contain 0.5% agar fully mixes, be added at once upper strata, after solidifying, after 24h is cultivated in inversion, observation has or not Plaques assay.If form plaque on flat board, illustrate that the lytic phage having for this Host Strains exists in filtrate.
(4) purifying of phage
Size, the shape of the first plaque separating are inconsistent, to the further purifying of phage separating, make phage on flat board, form size and the consistent plaque of form.Get with aseptic 200 μ L rifle choicests each one of the plaque that form size has notable difference, it is joined respectively in the centrifuge tube of the aseptic PBS of 1mL, vortex concussion 1min, is placed in 4 ℃, and 4h, is fully released in PBS phage; 4 ℃, the centrifugal 5min of 10000g, collect supernatant, and (0.22 μ m), considers liquid by phage and carries out gradient dilution, and Double layer culture repeats 3 times aforesaid operations, until the plaque form occurring, big or small in full accord obtains purifying phage to cross film.Phage electromicroscopic photograph is shown in accompanying drawing 1.
(5) enrichment of phage and amplification
Adopt liquid method of proliferating to breed.Concrete method is as follows: phagocytosis body fluid is joined by a certain percentage in the Host Strains liquid of cultivating 12h, in 28 ℃ of shaking tables, cultivate 12h again, by mixed solution in 4 ℃, the centrifugal 5min of 10000g, place to go bacterial debris, the membrane filtration of 0.22 μ m for supernatant liquor, can obtain the phage pregnant solution of high-titer.
Embodiment 2
The In Vitro Bacteriostasis effect of phage
(1) In Vitro Bacteriostasis of phage experiment
Experiment is set to 4 groups, gets 4 50mL centrifuge tubes, is labeled as respectively A, B, C, D; The wherein negative control group of A, the positive control group of B, C, D is experimental group.(concentration is 10 in A, to add 30mL2216E liquid nutrient medium, 1mL bacterium liquid 8cFU/ml), 1mL PBS; In B, adding 30mL2216E liquid nutrient medium, 1mL bacterium liquid, 1mL sulphuric acid kanamycin (Sulfate Kanamycin) concentration is 10mg/L; In C, adding 30mL2216E liquid nutrient medium, 1mL bacterium liquid, 1mL doxycycline (Doxycycline) concentration is 5mg/L; In D, add equally 30mL2216E liquid nutrient medium, 1mL bacterium liquid, add 1mL PVA1 phage pregnant solution, tiring is 10 9pFU/mL; After vibration 10min, put into microplate reader and survey the value of OD600nm, record; Put into 28 ℃ of shaking tables and cultivate, the value that an OD600nm is surveyed in per sampling half an hour, records in 12h and changes.
Result demonstration, phage experimental group can suppress the growth of Host Strains in 12h, and produces without corresponding resistant bacterial strain, the results are shown in accompanying drawing 2.
(2) one step growth
Utilize one step growth experiment to detect latent period and the final granule number that discharges phage of lytic phage infection host bacterium.
(1) in the 2216E of 100mL liquid nutrient medium, add 200 μ L Host Strains incubated overnight, make cell concentration approximately 1 × 10 9cFU/mL;
(2) get and in 20mL2216E fresh culture, add spend the night bacterium liquid and phage of 2mL to preserve liquid, adjusting infection multiplicity is to get 1mL aforesaid liquid after 0.1,28 ℃ of standing 15min makes phage fully be adsorbed on Host Strains;
(3) 4 ℃, the centrifugal 10min of 10000g;
(4) remove supernatant, with 1mL2216E liquid nutrient medium suspension bacterial sediment;
(5) repeating step 3 and 4 liang to three times, is eluted to the phage of not absorption in supernatant;
(6) above-mentioned adsorption liquid is added in the fresh 2216E substratum of 19mL, fully mix, 28 ℃, 120rpm cultivation;
(8) draw 100 μ L nutrient solutions every 5min and detect phage titer.
Result shows, phage PVA1 latent period is 28min, and burst size is 79, the results are shown in accompanying drawing 3.
Embodiment 3
The environmental resistance of phage
(tire is 4.2 × 10 to obtain the high-titer pregnant solution of phage PVA1 10pFU/ml).100mL breeding seawater, the healthy sea cucumber of 1 9g and phagocytosis body fluid are put into 500mL beaker, and initial tiring is 1.5 × 10 7pFU/ml, cultivation room temperature is placed, and every 24h uses double-layer plate method to survey and tires once, records phage degraded situation in 14 days.
Result shows: under the condition of breeding seawater, cultivation room temperature, and phagocytosis body fluid two orders of magnitude that declined in 14 days, phage environmental resistance is better, for the environment water application of phage provides possibility, the results are shown in accompanying drawing 4.
Embodiment 4
Mouse safety experiment
Laboratory animal is clean level kunming mice, body weight 18 ± 4g, 2 monthly ages (conformity certification number: 00001317), provided by Dalian Medical Univ's Experimental Animal Center.Experimental animal feeding is in clean level Animal House, 18 ℃ of room temperatures, relative humidity 40%-80%, 12h sunshine and dim circulation.Totally 10 of experiment mices, male, adaptability was raised after 3 days, became at random two groups (control group, phage groups), and 5 every group, phage experimental group abdominal injection gives 10 10pFU/kg phage refined solution, control group gavage gives equivalent physiological saline, and successive administration, after 15 days, is put to death de-mouse neck, dissects internal organ and observes pathology situation.
Result shows, 10 10under PFU/kg dosage, phage refined solution does not make significant difference to experiment mice daily behavior, and pathology symptom is not all found in anatomic observation lung, liver, kidney, abdominal cavity.
Embodiment 5
The preventive effect of various dose phage PVA1 refined solution to vibrio alginolyticus
Experiment sea cucumber is provided by Dalian Bay culturing marine products field, individual heavy 5~8g, sea cucumber adaptability cultivation 7 days before experiment, fasting 1 day, 18 ℃ of water temperatures, logical oxygen lucifuge.Experiment grouping: (1) positive controls one (5mg/L doxycycline); (2) positive controls two (10mg/L sulphuric acid kanamycin); (3) high dosage phage group (final concentration 10 7pFU/mL); (4) dosage phage group (final concentration 10 in 6pFU/mL); (5) low dosage phage group (final concentration 10 5pFU/mL); (6) blank group (equivalent sterilizing seawater).Totally six groups, every group of 10 healthy sea cucumbers are established three parallel laboratory tests simultaneously.Experimental technique: set up each experimental group by above-mentioned condition, use 5.7 × 10 after 1h 6the every 24h dipping bath of CFU/mL vibrio alginolyticus is attacked poison once, records each group of sea cucumber death condition.
Experimental result shows, all death of blank group sea cucumber after 5 days, and the survival rate of doxycycline group is 80% simultaneously, and the survival rate of sulphuric acid kanamycin group is 47%, and the phage group survival rate of high, normal, basic dosage is respectively 73%, 50%, 50%, sees accompanying drawing 5.As can be seen here, phage PVA1 has certain preventive effect to vibrio alginolyticus, can be used as a kind of biological antibiosis agent and be applied to the prevention of vibrio alginolyticus in holothruian cultures.

Claims (2)

1. a vibrio alginolyticus phage, it is characterized in that: this vibrio alginolyticus phage is preserved on March 11st, 2014 that " China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms " center "; preserving number CGMCC No.8792, Classification And Nomenclature is Vibrio alginolyticus bacteriophage.
2. the application of vibrio alginolyticus phage claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: vibrio alginolyticus phage is applied to the infection and the pollution that prevent and treat vibrio alginolyticus in holothruian cultures, wherein, tire>=10 5pFU/mL; Vibrio alginolyticus phage is inhibited to vibrio alginolyticus, in 12h, produces without phage resistance bacterial strain.
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CN108103032A (en) * 2018-01-17 2018-06-01 厦门昶科生物工程有限公司 A kind of vibrio alginolyticus bacteriophage probiotics and its preparation method and application
CN108642018A (en) * 2018-04-26 2018-10-12 南京农业大学 One plant of lytic phage and application thereof with prevention and control bacterial wilt of tomato
CN109207440A (en) * 2018-10-10 2019-01-15 江苏省农业科学院 Vibriophage and its bactericidal composition preparation method and application
CN110468110A (en) * 2019-09-11 2019-11-19 大连理工大学 A kind of vibrio parahaemolyticus phage and its application in stichopus japonicus disease prevention
CN110684741A (en) * 2019-08-13 2020-01-14 广东海大畜牧兽医研究院有限公司 Vibrio bacteriophage and application thereof
CN111855984A (en) * 2020-08-03 2020-10-30 浙江大学 Method for evaluating biological safety by using intestinal flora of mice
CN112391354A (en) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-23 宁波大学 Vibrio alginolyticus efficient lytic phage vB _ ValM-Yong3 and application thereof
CN112391355A (en) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-23 宁波大学 Vibrio harveyi high-efficiency lytic phage vB _ Vhas-yong3 and application thereof
CN112391358A (en) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-23 宁波大学 Vibrio mediterrae virulent phage vB _ Vmem-Yong and application thereof
CN112553171A (en) * 2020-12-27 2021-03-26 威海长青海洋科技股份有限公司 Vibrio phage preparation and application thereof
CN112852750A (en) * 2020-10-26 2021-05-28 河海大学 Marine-derived vibrio phage, microecological preparation, and preparation method and application thereof
CN113512539A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-10-19 中国海洋大学 Bacteriophage and application thereof
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CN110468110A (en) * 2019-09-11 2019-11-19 大连理工大学 A kind of vibrio parahaemolyticus phage and its application in stichopus japonicus disease prevention
CN111855984A (en) * 2020-08-03 2020-10-30 浙江大学 Method for evaluating biological safety by using intestinal flora of mice
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CN112553171A (en) * 2020-12-27 2021-03-26 威海长青海洋科技股份有限公司 Vibrio phage preparation and application thereof
CN113512539A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-10-19 中国海洋大学 Bacteriophage and application thereof
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