CN103894711A - Dissimilar material welding method for processing temperature difference at high temperature - Google Patents
Dissimilar material welding method for processing temperature difference at high temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN103894711A CN103894711A CN201410096180.8A CN201410096180A CN103894711A CN 103894711 A CN103894711 A CN 103894711A CN 201410096180 A CN201410096180 A CN 201410096180A CN 103894711 A CN103894711 A CN 103894711A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K9/232—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded of different metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a dissimilar material welding method for processing a temperature difference at a high temperature and belongs to the field of welding technologies. The dissimilar material welding method comprises a high-temperature processing temperature material and a low-temperature processing temperature material which need be welded, and an overlapped heat processing temperature zone does not exist between the two materials to be welded. The dissimilar material welding method sequentially includes the following steps that a nickel base material and a stainless steel material are welded to the ends to be welded of the two materials to be welded respectively in a surfacing mode; surfacing layers are roughly turned, and flaw detection is performed on the surfacing layers; postweld heat treatment is performed on the two materials to be welded according to proper heat processing temperatures of the two materials to be welded respectively; the surfacing layers are machined in a finishing mode, and grooves are machined in the surfacing layers; welding materials matched with the surfacing materials are welded at the grooves of the two materials to be welded, and flaw detection is performed on groove welds and the surfacing layers at the two sides of the welds after welding. The dissimilar material welding method is a method for welding the two dissimilar materials and suitable for processing the temperature difference at the high temperature, and the problem of processing the overlarge heat processing temperature difference after the two materials are welded is solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding procedure field.
Background technology
For the welding of foreign material, especially need high heat treatment temperature material and the low heat treatment temperature material of welding, and two kinds of storeroom zero lap heat treatment temperature to be welded intervals, bi-material post weld heat treatment temperature contrast is excessive, if according to heat-treating after conventional means welding, heat treatment temperature must be according to higher execution, and this will cause the low heat treatment temperature strength of materials to decline to a great extent, and welding point and low heat treatment temperature material property cannot guarantee.
Such as the subsidiary engine of existing 600MW double reheat unit, the high design pressure adding of this equipment is large, design temperature is high, is having higher requirement aspect structural design and materials'use.This equipment 2# steam condenser stack shell adopts SA-336F91 material, and specification is δ 60mm; Tube sheet is 20MnMo material.Stack shell exists circumferential weld to dock with tube sheet, after this circular seam welding, needs heat treatment.Require and bond material self character according to relevant criterion, 20MnMo material post weld heat treatment temperature is 600～650, but this material temperature is generally 630 ℃, so the best post weld heat treatment temperature of 20MnMo material is 600～620 ℃; And ASME regulation SA-336F91 material post weld heat treatment temperature minimum be 730 ℃.Bi-material post weld heat treatment temperature contrast is excessive, zero lap interval.If this circumferential weld is heat-treated after welding according to conventional means, heat treatment temperature must be according to higher execution, and this will cause the 20MnMo strength of materials to decline to a great extent, and welding point and 20MnMo tube sheet performance cannot guarantee.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: propose a kind of welding method that is applicable to two kinds of poor foreign materials of high heat treatment temperature, solve the excessive problem of bi-material post weld heat treatment temperature contrast.
The object of the invention realizes by following technical proposals:
The foreign material welding method that high heat treatment temperature is poor, comprises the high heat treatment temperature material and the low heat treatment temperature material that need welding, and two kinds of storeroom zero lap heat treatment temperature to be welded intervals, comprises the following steps successively:
1) to two kinds of material to be welded ends to be welded built-up welding nickel-base material/stainless steel material respectively;
2) rough turn overlay cladding, detects a flaw to overlay cladding;
3) two kinds of materials to be welded are carried out to post weld heat treatment by its suitable heat treatment temperature respectively;
4) fine finishining overlay cladding, and machine adds groove on overlay cladding;
5) adopt the wlding matching with resurfacing welding material to weld at two kinds of material groove to be welded places;
6) postwelding is detected a flaw together to the overlay cladding of groove weld and weld seam both sides.
In such scheme, at the groove side built-up welding nickel-base material/stainless steel material respectively of bi-material, in the situation that not requiring sensitization, nickel-base material/stainless steel material heat treatment preference temperature is wide in range, no matter high temperature low temperature all can, and mechanical property can meet foreign material high request in actual use after welding, heap postwelding is heat-treated respectively, and then butt weld, thereby finally avoid directly weldering mutually of bi-material, solve the excessive problem of bi-material post weld heat treatment temperature contrast.
As selection, the steam condenser stack shell that described high heat treatment temperature material is SA-336F91 material, the tube sheet that described low heat treatment temperature material is 20MnMo material; Described stack shell groove end dress annulus backing plate, built-up welding nickel-base material/stainless steel material on stack shell, built-up welding width is higher than stack shell thickness, when built-up welding, stack shell rotates on positioner, and heap postwelding machine adds to fall backing plate, and rough turn overlay cladding, overlay cladding is carried out to PT flaw detection and UT flaw detection, after flaw detection, stack shell is carried out to the post weld heat treatment at 745 ℃, fine finishining overlay cladding after heat treatment, and machine adds circumferential weld groove on overlay cladding; Described tube sheet groove end outer wall dress annulus backing plate, built-up welding nickel-base material/stainless steel material inside backing plate, when built-up welding, tube sheet lies in the enterprising windrow weldering of revolving dial, heap postwelding machine adds to fall backing plate, rough turn overlay cladding, carries out PT flaw detection and UT flaw detection to overlay cladding, and flaw detection back tube sheet carries out the post weld heat treatment at 620 ℃, fine finishining overlay cladding after heat treatment, and machine adds circumferential weld groove on overlay cladding; Adopt the wlding matching with resurfacing welding material, stack shell and tube sheet circumferential weld groove are welded, postwelding carries out 100% PT flaw detection, 100%UT flaw detection and 100% radiographic inspection together to the overlay cladding of circumferential weld and circumferential weld both sides.
In such scheme, install backing plate additional at the inside and outside wall in stack shell groove end and tube sheet groove end outer wall, conveniently carry out built-up welding; Built-up welding thickness, higher than finally requiring size, is convenient to rough turn and fine finishining afterwards; Rough turn overlay cladding, is convenient to overlay cladding to carry out PT flaw detection and UT flaw detection, and surfacing quality is guaranteed in flaw detection; Fine finishining overlay cladding, satisfies the demands final stack shell Tube-sheet Welding finished size, processes circumferential weld groove simultaneously and is convenient to last girth welding; The PT surface inspection of employing 100%, the inner flaw detection of 100%UT and 100% ray are detected a flaw comprehensively, and double flaw detection, guarantees the quality of detecting a flaw.
As selection, described stack shell built-up welding adopts TIG built-up welding, and built-up welding thickness is greater than 30mm.
In such scheme, stack shell built-up welding adopts TIG built-up welding, and welding efficiency high-quality is good, and built-up welding thickness is greater than 30mm, can eliminate the impact of submerged-arc welding circumferential weld on stack shell.TIG welds (Tungsten Inert Gas arc Welding), is called again inert gas tungsten electrode protection weldering.
As selection, described tube sheet built-up welding adopts strip surfacing equally, and built-up welding thickness is greater than 30mm.
In such scheme, tube sheet built-up welding adopts strip surfacing, and welding efficiency high-quality is good, and built-up welding thickness is greater than 30mm, can eliminate the impact of submerged-arc welding circumferential weld on stack shell.
As selection, described stack shell and tube sheet circumferential weld groove adopt Lincoln weld welding.
The main scheme of aforementioned the present invention and each further selection scheme thereof can independent assortment to form multiple schemes; be the present invention and can adopt also claimed scheme: as the present invention; each selection can be selected any combination with other; those skilled in the art can understand there is multiple combination according to prior art and common practise after understanding the present invention program, do not do exhaustive at this.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: adopt technique of the present invention, solved the excessive problem of post weld heat treatment temperature contrast of two kinds of poor foreign materials of high heat treatment temperature; For SA-336F91 material and 20MnMo material, after welding, all carry out post weld heat treatment by requirement separately, circumferential weld becomes the docking of nickel-base material or stainless steel material.Ni-based/stainless steel weld joint mechanical property meets the demands, and can demonstrate,prove well again weldquality by nondestructive inspection.Therefore both eliminate stress by standard-required, and can guarantee again Weld Performance, avoided the problem that cannot heat-treat after SA-336F91 material and the welding of 20MnMo material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Welding Structure schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention stack shell;
Fig. 2 is the Welding Structure schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention tube sheet;
Fig. 3 is the Welding Structure schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention stack shell and tube sheet;
Wherein 1 is that stack shell, 2 is that overlay cladding, 3 is that backing plate, 4 is that tube sheet, 5 is circumferential weld.
The specific embodiment
Following non-limiting examples is used for illustrating the present invention.
The foreign material welding method that high heat treatment temperature is poor, comprises the high heat treatment temperature material and the low heat treatment temperature material that need welding, and two kinds of storeroom zero lap heat treatment temperature to be welded intervals, comprises the following steps successively:
1) to two kinds of material to be welded ends to be welded built-up welding nickel-base material/stainless steel material respectively;
2) rough turn overlay cladding, detects a flaw to overlay cladding;
3) two kinds of materials to be welded are carried out to post weld heat treatment by its suitable heat treatment temperature respectively;
4) fine finishining overlay cladding, and machine adds groove on overlay cladding;
5) adopt the wlding matching with resurfacing welding material to weld at two kinds of material groove to be welded places;
6) postwelding is detected a flaw together to the overlay cladding of groove weld and weld seam both sides.
In such scheme, at the groove side built-up welding nickel-base material/stainless steel material respectively of bi-material, nickel-base material/stainless steel material heat treatment preference temperature is wide in range, no matter high temperature low temperature all can, and intensity is high, can meet foreign material high request in actual use after welding, heap postwelding is heat-treated respectively, and then butt weld, thereby finally avoid directly weldering mutually of bi-material, solve the excessive problem of bi-material post weld heat treatment temperature contrast.
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the tube sheet 4 of the steam condenser stack shell 1 to SA-336F91 material and 20MnMo material welds; Stack shell 1 groove end dress annulus backing plate 3, built-up welding nickel-base material/stainless steel material on stack shell, built-up welding width is higher than stack shell thickness, and built-up welding thickness W is greater than 30mm, built-up welding adopts TIG built-up welding, when built-up welding, stack shell 1 rotates on positioner, and heap postwelding machine adds to fall backing plate 3, and rough turn overlay cladding 2, overlay cladding 2 is carried out to PT flaw detection and UT flaw detection, the post weld heat treatment of after flaw detection, stack shell 1 being carried out at 745 ℃, fine finishining overlay cladding 2 after heat treatment, and machine adds circumferential weld groove on overlay cladding 2; Tube sheet 4 groove end outer wall dress annulus backing plates 3, this breach built-up welding nickel-base material/stainless steel material in backing plate 3 inner sides, built-up welding width mates with stack shell built-up welding width, built-up welding thickness H is greater than 30mm, built-up welding adopts strip surfacing, when built-up welding, tube sheet 4 lies in the enterprising windrow weldering of revolving dial, heap postwelding machine adds to fall backing plate 3, rough turn overlay cladding 2, overlay cladding 2 is carried out to PT flaw detection and UT flaw detection, flaw detection back tube sheet carries out the post weld heat treatment at 620 ℃, fine finishining overlay cladding 2 after heat treatment, and machine adds circumferential weld groove on overlay cladding 2; Adopt the wlding matching with resurfacing welding material, stack shell 1 and tube sheet 4 circumferential weld 5 grooves are adopted to Lincoln weld welding, postwelding carries out 100% PT flaw detection, 100%UT flaw detection and 100% radiographic inspection together to the overlay cladding 2 of circumferential weld 5 and circumferential weld 5 both sides.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the poor foreign material welding method of high heat treatment temperature, comprises the high heat treatment temperature material and the low heat treatment temperature material that need welding, and two kinds of storeroom zero lap heat treatment temperature to be welded intervals, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps successively:
1) to two kinds of material to be welded ends to be welded built-up welding nickel-base material/stainless steel material respectively;
2) rough turn overlay cladding, detects a flaw to overlay cladding;
3) two kinds of materials to be welded are carried out to post weld heat treatment by its suitable heat treatment temperature respectively;
4) fine finishining overlay cladding, and machine adds groove on overlay cladding;
5) adopt the wlding matching with resurfacing welding material to weld at two kinds of material groove to be welded places;
6) postwelding is detected a flaw together to the overlay cladding of groove weld and weld seam both sides.
2. the poor foreign material welding method of high heat treatment temperature as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the steam condenser stack shell that described high heat treatment temperature material is SA-336F91 material, the tube sheet that described low heat treatment temperature material is 20MnMo material; Described stack shell groove end dress annulus backing plate, built-up welding nickel-base material/stainless steel material on stack shell, built-up welding width is higher than stack shell thickness, when built-up welding, stack shell rotates on positioner, and heap postwelding machine adds to fall backing plate, and rough turn overlay cladding, overlay cladding is carried out to PT flaw detection and UT flaw detection, after flaw detection, stack shell is carried out to the post weld heat treatment at 745 ℃, fine finishining overlay cladding after heat treatment, and machine adds circumferential weld groove on overlay cladding; Described tube sheet groove end outer wall dress annulus backing plate, at backing plate upside built-up welding nickel-base material/stainless steel material, when built-up welding, tube sheet lies in the enterprising windrow weldering of revolving dial, heap postwelding machine adds to fall backing plate, rough turn overlay cladding, carries out PT flaw detection and UT flaw detection to overlay cladding, and flaw detection back tube sheet carries out the post weld heat treatment at 620 ℃, fine finishining overlay cladding after heat treatment, and machine adds circumferential weld groove on overlay cladding; Adopt the wlding matching with resurfacing welding material, stack shell and tube sheet circumferential weld groove are welded, postwelding carries out 100% PT flaw detection, 100%UT flaw detection and 100% radiographic inspection together to the overlay cladding of circumferential weld and circumferential weld both sides.
3. the poor foreign material welding method of high heat treatment temperature as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described stack shell built-up welding adopts TIG built-up welding, and built-up welding thickness is greater than 30mm.
4. the poor foreign material welding method of high heat treatment temperature as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described tube sheet built-up welding adopts strip surfacing, and built-up welding thickness is greater than 30mm.
5. the poor foreign material welding method of high heat treatment temperature as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described stack shell and tube sheet circumferential weld groove adopt Lincoln weld welding.
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105414782A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-23 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Isolated layer surfacing method of dissimilar steel welding joint |
| CN106239055A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2016-12-21 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | The design of a kind of heavy wall dissimilar steel joint groove and processing method |
| CN106514029A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-22 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Method for surfacing end of long pipe |
| CN106624411A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-10 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Method of welding bar-tensioning plate between two workpieces large in heat treatment temperature difference |
| CN106735725A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 上海电气核电设备有限公司 | Adapter pump case dissimilar metal all-position welding method |
| CN107891230A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-04-10 | 上海宝钢节能环保技术有限公司 | A kind of welding method for residues processing technique backing ring device |
| CN111702301A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-25 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Welding process of UNS N07208 high-temperature alloy tube for boiler with temperature exceeding 700 DEG C |
| CN111716030A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-29 | 共享铸钢有限公司 | Combined welding method for austenitic stainless steel structural member and low-alloy steel casting |
| CN112756835A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-07 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Method for processing surfacing layer of butt weld of tube plate |
| CN112792477A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Connection structure and connection method of chromium-molybdenum steel and low-carbon steel for pressure vessel |
| CN112846562A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 东方电气(广州)重型机器有限公司 | Welding seam structure, shell assembly and shell assembly manufacturing method |
| CN113084309A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-09 | 东方电气(广州)重型机器有限公司 | Welding method for chromium molybdenum steel and heat-resistant stainless steel under high-temperature liquid sodium medium |
| CN113770492A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-10 | 山东核电设备制造有限公司 | Surfacing welding method for transition layer at end part of tubular structure |
| CN115026380A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-09 | 山西阳煤化工机械（集团）有限公司 | Method for welding closure seam of tube plate and shell pass cylinder |
| CN115319244A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-11-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Dissimilar steel welding process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105414782A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-23 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Isolated layer surfacing method of dissimilar steel welding joint |
| CN106239055A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2016-12-21 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | The design of a kind of heavy wall dissimilar steel joint groove and processing method |
| CN106624411A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-10 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Method of welding bar-tensioning plate between two workpieces large in heat treatment temperature difference |
| CN106514029A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-22 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Method for surfacing end of long pipe |
| CN106514029B (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-05-14 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | The method of long tube end built-up welding |
| CN106735725A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 上海电气核电设备有限公司 | Adapter pump case dissimilar metal all-position welding method |
| CN106735725B (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-02-05 | 上海电气核电设备有限公司 | Adapter tube-pump case dissimilar metal all-position welding method |
| CN107891230A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-04-10 | 上海宝钢节能环保技术有限公司 | A kind of welding method for residues processing technique backing ring device |
| CN112792477A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Connection structure and connection method of chromium-molybdenum steel and low-carbon steel for pressure vessel |
| CN111716030A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-29 | 共享铸钢有限公司 | Combined welding method for austenitic stainless steel structural member and low-alloy steel casting |
| CN111716030B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-02-22 | 共享铸钢有限公司 | Combined welding method for austenitic stainless steel structural member and low-alloy steel casting |
| CN111702301A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-25 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Welding process of UNS N07208 high-temperature alloy tube for boiler with temperature exceeding 700 DEG C |
| CN112846562A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 东方电气(广州)重型机器有限公司 | Welding seam structure, shell assembly and shell assembly manufacturing method |
| CN112756835A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-07 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Method for processing surfacing layer of butt weld of tube plate |
| CN113084309A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-09 | 东方电气(广州)重型机器有限公司 | Welding method for chromium molybdenum steel and heat-resistant stainless steel under high-temperature liquid sodium medium |
| CN113770492A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-10 | 山东核电设备制造有限公司 | Surfacing welding method for transition layer at end part of tubular structure |
| CN115026380A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-09 | 山西阳煤化工机械（集团）有限公司 | Method for welding closure seam of tube plate and shell pass cylinder |
| CN115026380B (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-15 | 山西阳煤化工机械（集团）有限公司 | Method for welding closure seam of tube plate and shell pass cylinder |
| CN115319244A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-11-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Dissimilar steel welding process |
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