CN103894393B - A kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method and device - Google Patents
A kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103894393B CN103894393B CN201410139557.3A CN201410139557A CN103894393B CN 103894393 B CN103894393 B CN 103894393B CN 201410139557 A CN201410139557 A CN 201410139557A CN 103894393 B CN103894393 B CN 103894393B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method and device.Wherein, the method is: reject impurity and be separated with grease, extract the waste oil on the upper strata in changing food waste; One-level hydro-thermal reaction: the changing food waste that grease is separated, adopt electrical heating realization order to heat up, hydrothermal temperature is between 200 DEG C-250 DEG C, and the reaction time, pH value was less than 7 between 5-25 minute; Heat exchange: the reactant after one-level hydro-thermal reaction, is cooled by liquid, makes its temperature drop between 130 DEG C-180 DEG C; Secondary hydro-thermal reaction: again hydro-thermal reaction is carried out to the reactant after heat exchange, reaction temperature between 130 DEG C-180 DEG C, between reaction time 40-80 minute; Solid, liquids and gases, after being down to normal temperature, are separated by three phase separation: lowered the temperature by the reactant after secondary hydro-thermal reaction.Reaction time of the present invention shortens, energy consumption is low; Technology controlling and process is more flexible also more accurate; The biodegradable of charing liquid can be optimized, improve the efficiency that charing liquid enters anaerobic treatment process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rubbish recycling field, in particular to a kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method and device.
Background technology
The conventional treatment technology of changing food waste comprises anaerobic methane production gas, compost, refinement biodiesel and produces feed etc.
At present, utilize the research of hydro-thermal reaction process changing food waste at the early-stage at home.1913, German scholar FriedrichBergius first time described hydro-thermal carbonization reaction, and he also obtains Nobel chemistry Prize in the thirties.But the class product of coal that the engineer applied of hydro-thermal carbonization reaction produces high heating value is the field just starting recent years to obtain paying attention to.Living beings are under having water to be the condition of reaction medium, pressure 20-35 handkerchief, in the temperature range of 180 DEG C and 250 DEG C, between pH value 3-7, through dehydration and decarboxylation procedure, the solid matter (rich carbon oxygen deprivation) that reaction paste obtains after drying and/or processed, be then similar to coal dust, have the calorific value being substantially equal to fossil brown coal.The brown coal that its product type was formed like 50000 and 5,000 ten thousand, difference is that this reaction can occur in 3-12 hour.The high expensive of hydro-thermal carbonization reaction is the Main Bottleneck of its industrialization.Hydro-thermal carbonization reaction process is an exothermic reaction, specific as follows:
C
6H
12O
6→C
6H
2O+5H
2O△H=2300kJ/mol
Hydro-thermal reaction comprises dehydration and decarboxylation two processes.When there is dehydration, also at generation decarboxylic reaction, it causes the generation of carbon dioxide.When selecting higher temperature, in living beings, more carbon converts the form of carbon dioxide to.But by increasing temperature, the reaction time can reduce, but in course of reaction, except dehydration and decarboxylation, also have serial side reaction also in generation, particularly water miscible hydrocarbon is formed, be deposited in hydro-thermal reaction liquid, hydro-thermal reaction liquid processing cost may be caused to increase, and, long high-temperature process, its energy consumption is high, thus causes cost high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method and device, to solve the above problems.
Provide a kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method in an embodiment of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
Reject impurity: reject the bulk foreign matter in changing food waste;
Grease is separated: the changing food waste after rejecting impurity is carried out preheating, and keeps leaving standstill, and extracts the waste oil on the upper strata in changing food waste;
One-level hydro-thermal reaction: the changing food waste that grease is separated, i.e. reactant, adopt electrical heating realization order to heat up, hydrothermal temperature is between 200 DEG C-250 DEG C, and the reaction time, pH value was less than 7 between 5-25 minute;
Heat exchange: the reactant after one-level hydro-thermal reaction, is cooled by liquid, makes its temperature drop between 130 DEG C-180 DEG C;
Secondary hydro-thermal reaction: again hydro-thermal reaction is carried out to the reactant after heat exchange, reaction temperature between 130 DEG C-180 DEG C, between reaction time 40-80 minute;
Solid, liquids and gases, after being down to normal temperature, are separated by three phase separation: lowered the temperature by the reactant after secondary hydro-thermal reaction.
Further, the solid content after described changing food waste rejecting rubbish is between 5-25%.
Further, in described one-level hydro-thermal reaction, in course of reaction, pH is 3-5.
Further, by heat exchange and three phase separation process, after the heat energy that cooling produces passes to and rejects impurity, changing food waste is for preheating reactant.
Further, catalyst is added with in described one-level hydro-thermal reaction and described secondary hydro-thermal reaction course of reaction.
Preferably, described catalyst is organic acid, inorganic acid or hydro-thermal reaction liquid.
A kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal treating apparatus, comprises the first reactor, the second reactor and the 3rd reactor;
Described first reactor and described 3rd reactor are the pipeline reactor of band screw rod, and described second reactor is vertical response tank, and described first reactor, described second reactor and described 3rd reactor are all furnished with attemperating unit and agitating device;
Described first reactor is connected with storage tank, described storage tank is connected with impurity device for eliminating, heat-exchange device is connected with between described first reactor and described second reactor, described second reactor is connected with described 3rd reactor, and described 3rd reactor is connected with solid-state gathering-device, liquid collection device, gaseous state gathering-device and heat sink.
Further, described first reactor, described second reactor and described 3rd reactor are all connected with pressure-detecting device.
Further, described first reactor and described second reactor are connected with catalyst adding set.
Further, described heat-exchange device, be provided with pipeline for transmitting heat between described 3rd reactor and described storage tank.
A kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method that the embodiment of the present invention provides and device, comprise following advantage:
1, the reaction time shortens, energy consumption is low: the time of hydro-thermal reaction is generally between 3 to 12 hours, the method and device have employed two-stage hydro-thermal reaction, and have employed tubular reactor and achieve rapid temperature increases and rapidly cooling, the total residence time of reactant is shortened.Compared with the hydro-thermal reaction of one-step method, the reaction time that the method and device obtain the class product of coal of equal in quality can control within 2 hours, and thermal energy consumption is also less.Therefore, the reaction time shortens, energy consumption is low saves the volume of reactor and takes up an area needs, thus investment reduction and running cost.
2, technology controlling and process is more flexible also more accurate: the method and device are by realizing two-stage hydro-thermal reaction the band pipeline reactor of screw rod and the combination of reactor.Provide according to raw material attribute and product needed, the possibility of Optimizing Technical, i.e. the optimum organization of the temperature/time of high temperature section hydro-thermal reaction and the temperature/time of low-temperature zone hydro-thermal reaction.Screw rod tubular reactor is integrated with the function of mixing of materials, mass transfer, heat transfer or feed separation well, is beneficial to the accurate control of technical process.
3, the method and device can optimize the biodegradable of charing liquid, improve the efficiency that charing liquid enters anaerobic treatment process.Containing a large amount of small molecular organic acid in Kitchen waste hydrothermal reactant liquor, as nitrogenous source, carbon source, the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation after mixing with other organic waste, can be improved.Such as with organic garbage of city, cut grass as public lawn, family's organic waste mixing that food market organic waste or source are collected separately, carry out anaerobic fermentation.After the class product of coal hybrid composting that natural pond slag after anaerobic reaction also can be produced with the method and device, as soil conditioner.
4, bottom deposit and the wall scale problems of reactor is slowed down.The hydro-thermal reaction of high temperature section be have employed the horizontal pipeline type reactor of band screw rod by the method and device, helps avoid the phenomenon that solid matter in Conventional upright reactor is deposited on reactor bottom or incrustation on the reactor wall.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows a kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal treating apparatus structural representation described in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure:
1, the first reactor; 2, the second reactor; 3, storage tank; 4, device for eliminating; 5, heat-exchange device; 6, the 3rd reactor; 7, solid-state gathering-device; 8, liquid collection device; 9, gaseous state gathering-device; 10, catalyst adding set.
Detailed description of the invention
Also by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method, comprises the following steps:
Reject impurity: reject the bulk foreign matter in changing food waste;
Grease is separated: the changing food waste after rejecting impurity is carried out preheating, and keeps leaving standstill, and extracts the waste oil on the upper strata in changing food waste;
One-level hydro-thermal reaction: the changing food waste that grease is separated, i.e. reactant, adopt electrical heating realization order to heat up, hydrothermal temperature is between 200 DEG C-250 DEG C, and the reaction time, pH value was less than 7 between 5-25 minute;
Heat exchange: the reactant after one-level hydro-thermal reaction, is cooled by liquid, makes its temperature drop between 130 DEG C-180 DEG C;
Secondary hydro-thermal reaction: again hydro-thermal reaction is carried out to the reactant after heat exchange, reaction temperature between 130 DEG C-180 DEG C, between reaction time 40-80 minute;
Solid, liquids and gases, after being down to normal temperature, are separated by three phase separation: lowered the temperature by the reactant after secondary hydro-thermal reaction.
Preferably, the solid content after changing food waste rejecting rubbish is between 5-25%.
In one-level hydro-thermal reaction, in course of reaction, pH is preferably less than 7, and more excellent pH is 3-5.
By in heat exchange and three phase separation process, after the heat energy that cooling produces passes to and rejects impurity, changing food waste is for preheating reactant.Wherein, in whole system, need in grease separation process to absorb heat, when heat exchange and three phase separation, then find heat, so, the heat of output is used for be separated to grease carrying out preheating, achieves reusing of energy source.
Catalyst is added with in the reaction of one-level hydro-thermal reaction and secondary hydrothermal reaction process.The dehydration of hydro-thermal reaction and decarboxylation procedure can be promoted by adding suitable catalyst.Therefore, required transforming degree can reach in lower temperature and less reaction time.
Preferably, catalyst is organic acid, inorganic acid or hydro-thermal reaction liquid.
A kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal treating apparatus, comprises the first reactor 1, second reactor 2 and the 3rd reactor 6;
First reactor 1 and the 3rd reactor 6 are the pipeline reactor of band screw rod, and the second reactor 2 is vertical response tank, and the first reactor 1, second reactor 2 and the 3rd reactor 6 are all furnished with attemperating unit and agitating device;
First reactor 1 is connected with storage tank 3, storage tank 3 is connected with impurity device for eliminating 4, heat-exchange device 5 is connected with between first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2, second reactor 2 is connected with the 3rd reactor, and the 3rd reactor 6 is connected with solid-state gathering-device 7, liquid collection device 8, gaseous state gathering-device 9 and heat sink.
Wherein, liquid collection device 8: receive the hydro-thermal reaction liquid that solid, liquid, gas three phase separator produces, wherein, partial reaction liquid refluxes in the first reactor 1, recycles.Remainder enters next stage technique.The preferred anaerobic reaction of next stage technique produces biogas, is particularly suitable for carrying out mixed culture fermentation with other organic waste.When meeting sewage treatment plant's needs, can select to be back to the biological processing unit that enters sewage treatment plant or instead digest unit, supplementary carbon source.According to the different attribute of changing food waste, in some cases, hydro-thermal reaction liquid may contain aldehydes matter, wherein unit price phenols, and as phenol, cresols and guaiacol require specially treated, because they can suppress anaerobic reaction, directly discharge can health risk and environment.Control appropriate reaction temperature, likely reduce the content of unit price phenols in hydro-thermal reaction liquid.By the impact of different process and different changing food waste attribute, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of hydro-thermal reaction liquid may between 600mg/L to 1500mg/L, and COD concentration is between 8000mg/L to 15000mg/L.
Solid-state gathering-device 7: receive the solid, liquid, gas three-phase separating device solid matter out through second level reactor, be called " class product of coal ", at this moment moisture content is between 40%-60%, calorific value (butt HHV) between 29000 (kJ/kg)-32000 (kJ/kg), but is not limited thereto.Changing food waste (butt HHV) is between 18000 (kJ/kg)-23000 (kJ/kg), but is not limited thereto.Class product of coal can be transported outward to thermal power plant as fuel, cement plant etc.The class product of coal that hydro-thermal reaction produces also has cellular structure, feature that carbon content is high, therefore also as raw material, can transport outward to biomass carbonated factory or the carrier as soil-repairing agent.Class coal obtains in acid condition, its loose structure and micro-sour characteristic, makes it may become the raw material of improvement basic soil.
Gaseous state gathering-device 9 a: accessory substance of hydro-thermal reaction is the gas be separated from solid liquid gas three-phase separation device.Gas needs to collect, and makes it by gas purification filter tank, then just can be discharged into environment.Filler in gas filter tank can select the more additional additives of biofilter material.The main component of hydro-thermal gas is CO
2also comprise other a small amount of gas.Also can as required, existing carbon technology of supplying be utilized to reclaim CO
2.
First reactor 1, second reactor 2 and the 3rd reactor 6 are all connected with attemperating unit and pressure-detecting device.Said apparatus, for controlling the parameter in reactor running, ensures that reactor normally uses.
For the ease of the carrying out of hydro-thermal reaction, can add catalyst wherein, the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2 are connected with catalyst adding set 10.
Heat-exchange device 5, between the 3rd reactor 6 and storage tank 3, be provided with pipeline for transmitting heat.The heat produced in heat-exchange device 5 and the 3rd reactor 6 use procedure passes to storage tank by pipeline, carries out preheating.
Preferably, the first reactor 1 and the 3rd reactor 6 are duct type voltage-resistant reactor, and the second reactor 2 is the reactor of band heat insulation function.
A kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method that above-described embodiment provides and device, comprise following advantage:
1, the reaction time shortens, energy consumption is low: the time of hydro-thermal reaction is generally between 3 to 12 hours, the method and device have employed two-stage hydro-thermal reaction, and have employed tubular reactor and achieve rapid temperature increases and rapidly cooling, the total residence time of reactant is shortened.Compared with the hydro-thermal reaction of one-step method, the reaction time that the method and device obtain the class product of coal of equal in quality can control within 2 hours, and thermal energy consumption is also less.Therefore, the reaction time shortens, energy consumption is low saves the volume of reactor and takes up an area needs, thus investment reduction and running cost.
2, technology controlling and process is more flexible also more accurate: the method and device are by realizing two-stage hydro-thermal reaction the band pipeline reactor of screw rod and the combination of reactor.Provide according to raw material attribute and product needed, the possibility of Optimizing Technical, i.e. the optimum organization of the temperature/time of high temperature section hydro-thermal reaction and the temperature/time of low-temperature zone hydro-thermal reaction.Screw rod tubular reactor is integrated with the function of mixing of materials, mass transfer, heat transfer or feed separation well, is beneficial to the accurate control of technical process.
3, the method and device can optimize the biodegradable of charing liquid, improve the efficiency that charing liquid enters anaerobic treatment process.Containing a large amount of small molecular organic acid in Kitchen waste hydrothermal reactant liquor, as nitrogenous source, carbon source, the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation after mixing with other organic waste, can be improved.Such as with organic garbage of city, cut grass as public lawn, family's organic waste mixing that food market organic waste or source are collected separately, carry out anaerobic fermentation.After the class product of coal hybrid composting that natural pond slag after anaerobic reaction also can be produced with the method and device, as soil conditioner.
4, bottom deposit and the wall scale problems of reactor is slowed down.The hydro-thermal reaction of high temperature section be have employed the horizontal pipeline type reactor of band screw rod by the method and device, helps avoid the phenomenon that solid matter in Conventional upright reactor is deposited on reactor bottom or incrustation on the reactor wall.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Reject impurity: reject the bulk foreign matter in changing food waste;
Grease is separated: the changing food waste after rejecting impurity is carried out preheating, and keeps leaving standstill, and extracts the waste oil on the upper strata in changing food waste;
One-level hydro-thermal reaction: the changing food waste that grease is separated, i.e. reactant, adopt electrical heating realization order to heat up, hydrothermal temperature is between 200 DEG C-250 DEG C, and the reaction time, pH value was less than 7 between 5-25 minute;
Heat exchange: the reactant after one-level hydro-thermal reaction, is cooled by liquid, makes its temperature drop between 130 DEG C-180 DEG C;
Secondary hydro-thermal reaction: again hydro-thermal reaction is carried out to the reactant after heat exchange, reaction temperature between 130 DEG C-180 DEG C, between reaction time 40-80 minute;
Solid, liquids and gases, after being down to normal temperature, are separated by three phase separation: lowered the temperature by the reactant after secondary hydro-thermal reaction.
2. Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described changing food waste rejects the solid content after rubbish between 5-25%.
3. Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described one-level hydro-thermal reaction, pH is 3-5.
4. Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, by heat exchange and three phase separation process, after the heat energy that cooling produces passes to and rejects impurity, changing food waste is for preheating reactant.
5. Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is added with catalyst in described one-level hydro-thermal reaction and described secondary hydro-thermal reaction course of reaction.
6. Kitchen waste hydrothermal processing method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described catalyst is organic acid, inorganic acid or hydro-thermal reaction liquid.
7. a Kitchen waste hydrothermal treating apparatus, is characterized in that, comprises the first reactor, the second reactor and the 3rd reactor;
Described first reactor and described 3rd reactor are the pipeline reactor of band screw rod, and described second reactor is vertical response tank, and described first reactor, described second reactor and described 3rd reactor are all furnished with attemperating unit and agitating device;
Described first reactor is connected with storage tank, described storage tank is connected with impurity device for eliminating, heat-exchange device is connected with between described first reactor and described second reactor, described second reactor is connected with described 3rd reactor, and described 3rd reactor is connected with solid-state gathering-device, liquid collection device, gaseous state gathering-device and heat sink.
8. Kitchen waste hydrothermal treating apparatus according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described first reactor, described second reactor and described 3rd reactor are all connected with pressure-detecting device.
9. Kitchen waste hydrothermal treating apparatus according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described first reactor and described second reactor are connected with catalyst adding set.
10. Kitchen waste hydrothermal treating apparatus according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described heat-exchange device, is provided with pipeline for transmitting heat between described 3rd reactor and described storage tank.
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| CN104650935B (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2017-02-01 | 中原工学院 | Effective treatment method of biomass |
| CN108342419A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-07-31 | 东华大学 | A method of continuously fermented using debirs and prepares high-purity L-lactic acid |
| CN108753337B (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2020-07-28 | 西安交通大学 | Reaction system and method for preparing bio-oil by hydrothermal liquefaction of wet biomass |
| CN109270036B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-12-25 | 浙江工商大学 | Characterization method of kitchen waste hydrothermal product melanoidin substance |
| CN114478086A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-13 | 深圳市海立方生物科技有限公司 | Full-scale treatment method for kitchen garbage |
| CN112676319A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-20 | 华东理工大学 | Kitchen waste treatment method and system, control system, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN113899235B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-01 | 菲德克（天津）环保科技有限公司 | Kitchen waste pretreatment waste heat recycling method and recycling system |
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| KR101210869B1 (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-12-12 | 주식회사 포스코건설 | Apparatus for anaerobic digestion of food waste |
| CN103695525B (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2015-07-29 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of hydrothermal treatment consists improves the method for changing food waste lactic fermentation productive rate |
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