CN103891593B - A method of preventing transgene cotton genetic drift using nectariferous plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of a kind of effective ways for the biology isolation for preventing transgene cotton from carrying out genetic drift by way of pollen transmission.We can utilize the characteristic of honeybee selectivity gathering honey, perennial nectariferous plant such as peppermint, lavender, bluish dogbane, the big sub- hemp liked using honeybee, the biological isolation strip as transgene cotton pollen dispersal such as naringi crenulata, it plants in transgene cotton surrounding, to replace long-stalked crop corn etc. that can preferentially attract honeybee mainly to acquire nectariferous plant nectar, pollen without acquiring cotton, to effectively reduce the outcrossing rate of cotton pollen, gene contamination of the transgene cotton to non-transgenic cotton is prevented.Its advantage is that flowering time and florescence with cotton basic synchronization, the florescence is long, fragrance of a flower honey is dense, has stronger attraction to Pollinating Insect, there is preferably biological isolation effect for the pollen dispersal of transgene cotton, layout is difficult when can reduce transgene cotton plantation, is more advantageous to the plantation and popularization of the cotton of transgenosis.

Description

A method of preventing transgene cotton genetic drift using nectariferous plant

Technical field：

The present invention relates to a kind of one kind for preventing transgene cotton from carrying out genetic drift by way of pollen biotransmission The effective ways of biology isolation.

Background technology：

With the fast development of biotechnology, genetically modified crops, which obtain, has big achievement.Statistical material shows, transgenosis agriculture Crop since scale plantation, was always maintained at faster growth since 1996.By 2009,25, whole world country turned The cultivated area of gene crops is more than 1.34 hundred million hectares.Currently, the maximum country of global genetically modified crops cultivated area is beautiful State, followed by Brazil and Argentina.The 77% of world soybean yield comes from genetically modified crops, and the 48% of World cotton production is to turn Gene, the ratio of transgenic corns and rape is respectively more than 25% and 20%.Genetically modified plants are because it is with huge market Potentiality and be increasingly subject to people concern.With the fast development of transgenic plant research and application, the biology peace of genetically modified plants Full sex chromosome mosaicism also increasingly attracts people's attention, and has caused countries in the world and has been eaten to ecology influence, the transgenosis of genetically modified plants Product safety etc. problem is debated actively, or even has further caused the agricultural product foreign trade war in European Union and the U.S..

Genetically modified plants may harm caused by ecological environment：First, disturbing ecological stability, the gene recombinated has It may lead to unpredictable consequence, generate harmful new biotype.Second is that gene contamination, the base that genetically modified plants carry Because that, to its wild species or other nearly edge species, certain weeds may be caused to spread unchecked or generate a kind of new poisonous weeds by pollen transmission, I.e. so-called weediness makes the plant have anti-if insect-resistant transgenic plants are by pollen transmission foreign gene to its nearly edge species Worm characteristic, it is possible to generate toxic action to relying on certain insects that it survives.Third, reducing biological heredity diversity, transgenosis Nearly edge species of most of the foreign gene of plant from plant even transformation receptor plant, artificially broken plant pass through it is unrestrained Gene exchange obstacle caused by the plant reproductive isolation that long biological evolution process is formed, and this reproduction isolation is living nature dimension Hold the basis of its bio-diversity.The generation of a large amount of genetically modified plants, makes the gene exchange frequency between species greatly increase, to Reduce biological heredity diversity.

Genetic drift between genetically modified crops and its Wild related germplasm is the genetic drift that current biological educational circles pays close attention to the most Event, here it is so-called " gene contaminations ".The reduction genetically modified plants foreign gene drift rate and phase generally accepted in the world The measure for closing ecological risk is to set up isolation strip between genetically modified plants and potential gene recipient plant or take the florescence wrong The methods of open.According to a large amount of data, many country's genetically modified crops safety management departments are non-turn to transgenosis and accordingly Isolation distance and quarantine measures between gene crops propose corresponding requirements or suggestion.The agriculture put into effect for the first time in 1996 such as China In industry GMO bio-safety management rules, it is proposed that the reference isolation distances of different genetically modified crops, beautiful such as rice 100m Rice (Zea mays) 300m, soybean 100m, cotton (Gossypium hirssittum) 150m, rape 1000m (Chinese agricultures Portion, 1996).

For transgenic cotton against pests studies have shown that the trans Bt gene that either introduced from foreign countries and China oneself cultivates Insect Resistant Cotton and turn tfdA gene phytocide cottons, has studied Exogenous Bt gene and tfdA genes drift about to ambient enviroment heredity Frequency and distance.The result shows that：The transgene cotton that either China voluntarily cultivates, or the transgenic cotton from foreign countries' introduction Flower；Either transgenic Bt cotton still turns tfdA gene cottons, and the foreign gene importeding into cotton plant body can be to ring around Border is drifted about, and highest drift frequency is 10.48%, and farthest driftage is up to 50m.Prevent foreign gene from being spread to ambient enviroment Most effectual way be the certain isolation strip of setting, the distance of isolation strip is preferably 50m~100m.(Zhang Baohong, Guo Teng dragon turn Research [J] of gene cotton gene Pollen flux frequency and distance is applied and environmental organism journal, 2000,6 (1)：39-42.). Our research also indicates that, is 30m~50m in the distance of Northern Xinjiang ecology isolation.

Currently, it is biology isolation and physical isolation to prevent the main method of genetic drift.Biology isolation may be selected using such as Remove the flower of genetically modified crops, remove the type for having compatibility with crop, adjustment sowing time render transgenic crop and its affine The flowering time of property species mutually staggers and is planted around non-transgenic crop of the same race using as physical methods such as buffering areas. A kind of physically-isolated major way is isolation by distance, it is prevented for what guarantee seed purity was commonly used in agricultural production One of the means of crop string powder.Transgenic pollen can be blocked using isolation by distance to a certain extent when genetically modified crops discharge Drift.About the pollination distance of genetically modified crops, some achievements in research are had accumulated, in transgene cotton and transgenosis Ma Ling There is relevant report in potato.But the above method is suitable only for the small-scale field adaptability experiment of genetically modified crops, and for big face Product merchandized handling using long-stalked crop sets up the physical isolations such as isolation strip to prevent the diffusion that transgenosis passes through pollen be not cut It is actual, it is necessary to consider other countermeasures.

Cotton is often cross-pollinated crop, and the main reason for causing cotton outcrossing is insect pollination, the probability very little of hearsay, wherein Mainly based on honeybee, the radius of honeybee flight is usually in 2km~3km.So using long-stalked crop as isolation strip inherently It is the problem of being worth discussion.The scientist of Nairobi Institute of Development Studies reports, honeybee is likely to become genetically modified crops to thousands of The medium of wild relatives escape except rice.(R é my S.Pasquet, Alexis Peltier, Matthew B.Hufford, Emeline Oudin | |, Jonathan Saulnier | |, L é naic Paul | |, Jette T.Knudsen, Hans R.Herren§ and Paul Gepts.Long-distance pollen flowassessment through evaluation of pollinator foraging range suggests transgene Escapedistances.PNAS, 20081.105 (36)：13456-13461.)

Honeybee is selective nectariferous plant.The scientist of London University passes through the study found that honeybee has oneself The pattern being most deeply in love.Honeybee has special preference to certain plants, such as to Scrophulariaceae (＆nbspScrophulariaceae), lip Shape section (＆nbspLabiatae) and pulse family (＆nbspLeguminosae) etc. blue and yellow spend special hobby, to composite family (＆ NbspCompositae) flower of yellow also has a hobby, and this instinct played during they find nectar it is most important Effect.Research before also turns out this point.Honeybee is in the case where there is normal nectar source, it is intended to which acquisition has pleasant smell Normal nectar source, and in the case where normal nectar source lacks, in order to collect food, have no alternative but to acquire toxic nectar source (ADLER, L.S.The ecological significance of toxic nectar [J] .Oikos, 2000,91：409-420.；Guo Bright red, identification behavioral study [J] bee magazines of Tan Ken Eastern bees honey toxic to tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs, 2008, (2)：7-8).

We field find, if there is field bindweed, flowerofanhour root or herb, honeybee mainly acquire field bindweed, flowerofanhour root or herb flower Powder.It is also observed in the production practices of beekeeper：When rice is bloomed simultaneously with corn, most honeybees can remove acquisition popcorn Powder；When corn is bloomed simultaneously with watermelon, most honeybees can remove acquisition Pulp Citrulli Pollen.Honeybee is to the selectivity of pollen, from total Being seen on body is：Entomophila pollen is more than anemophilous pollen to their allure, and the honeybee entomophila pollen big to pollen grain is also less liked Vigorously, such as：Cotton, pumpkin.Especially cotton, pollen amount is big in pistil, but honeybee can seldom adopt back nest.Secondly cotton itself contains More gossypol, this has a certain impact for the taste of honeybee, and if there is better nectariferous plant, it can be more likely to the latter. In order to verify this as a result, 2012, we select, and peppermint etc. is as nectariferous plant with similar in the cotton florescence, together with cotton Plantation, as a result with it is anticipated that it is consistent.Honeybee mainly acquires the pollen of the plants such as peppermint, does not acquire cotton pollen substantially.

Invention content：

The present invention relates to a kind of a kind of biologies for preventing transgene cotton from carrying out genetic drift by way of pollen transmission The effective ways of isolation.We can utilize the characteristic of honeybee selectivity gathering honey, be planted using perennial nectar source that honeybee is liked Object such as peppermint, lavender, bluish dogbane, big sub- hemp, the biological isolation strip as transgene cotton pollen dispersal such as naringi crenulata, kind It plants in transgene cotton surrounding, to replace long-stalked crop corn etc. that can preferentially attract honeybee mainly to acquire nectariferous plant nectar, Pollen without acquiring cotton prevents transgene cotton to non-transgenic cotton to effectively reduce the outcrossing rate of cotton pollen Colored gene contamination.Its advantage is that flowering time and florescence with cotton basic synchronization, the florescence is long, fragrance of a flower honey is dense, to Pollinating Insect There is stronger attraction, has preferably biological isolation effect for the pollen dispersal of transgene cotton, transgenic cotton can be reduced Layout is difficult when the seeds of flowering plants is planted, and is more advantageous to the plantation and popularization of the cotton of transgenosis.

Description of the drawings：

Fig. 1 is experimental cultivation schematic diagram

Specific implementation mode：

(American mint, stays lavender the rhizome seedling such as peppermint of the commercially available commercialization of the involved nectariferous plant material of experiment Lan Xiang, mountain mint), lavender (H-701, smoking NKS-L1) or acquisition wild venetum, largeleaf poacynum leaf, the seeds such as naringi crenulata, educate Implanting and cultivating after seedling.Operating method is carried out by the upper conventional processing mode of production.Different regions may be selected different nectar sources and plant Object.

Embodiment：

When spring sowing cotton seed, in transgene cotton growing area surrounding, the position of tractor-ploughing operation is reserved, by 667m²Shi You Machine fertilizer 500kg~800kg ploughs deeply entirely bedding by 60cm furrow width.In big field, can be split by 150m~200m.

By cotton cultivation with film mulched drip irrigation pattern laying plastic and hollow billet, spacing in the rows 15cm~20cm, line-spacing are pressed in smooth furrow face 30cm, depth 7cm~10cm kinds plant nectariferous plant rhizome or the seedling of selection.By 667m²Drip 20-30m².Then, by cotton Normal management mode carries out water and fertilizer management.The time of infertility drips 10 times~12 times, each 30m², with water to fertilizer.Different ecological Area can be planted and be managed by the conventional planting patterns of production.

Nectariferous plant grow animated period, by topping, tack pruning method promote when side shoot sprout, adjustment flowering time with Phase blooms synchronous with cotton.Before entering the winter, after waiting branches nutrient to flow back, 10cm~15cm stumps are stayed, promote root system development, ensure honey The normal growth of sprouting of source plant next spring.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of method preventing transgene cotton genetic drift using nectariferous plant, which is characterized in that selection and cotton florescence More consistent perennial nectariferous plant, the biological isolation strip as transgene cotton pollen dispersal are planted in the transgenic cotton seeds of flowering plants Around growing area；

The nectariferous plant is perennial peppermint, lavender, bluish dogbane, largeleaf poacynum leaf, and naringi crenulata is mainly characterized by spending Phase is close with the florescence of cotton, and nectariferous plant honey powder is abundant to have stronger attraction to Pollinating Insect than cotton.