CN103887494A - Method for preparing copper phosphide/copper composite material and application of copper phosphide/copper composite material in lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Method for preparing copper phosphide/copper composite material and application of copper phosphide/copper composite material in lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/049—Manufacturing of an active layer by chemical means
- H01M4/0497—Chemical precipitation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5805—Phosphides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a copper phosphide/copper composite material. The method comprises the following steps: by taking red phosphorus and foamy copper as basic raw materials, sequentially paving the red phosphorus and the foamy copper in a ceramic boat from bottom to top, and preparing the composite material under nitrogen protection by adopting a gas-solid reaction method. Copper phosphide uniformly grows on the surface of foamy copper, has a porous structure and has the average particle size being 300-500nm. The copper phosphide/copper composite material prepared by the method serving as an anode material is applied to a lithium ion battery, the first charge capacity and the first discharge capacity are respectively 400mAh/g and 341mAh/g, and the charge capacity and the discharge capacity are respectively 409mAh/g and 398mAh/g after cycling for 60 times. According to the method, the process is simple, the operation is easy, the material preparation cost is low, the reaction process belongs to a gas-solid reaction, the reaction raw materials are fully contacted, the reaction is full, and residual phosphorus on a conductive matrix is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a class Novel cathode material for lithium ion battery, particularly a kind of preparation method of porous copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material and storage lithium characteristic thereof, belong to field of electrochemical power source.
Background technology
Based on a kind of special oxidation/reduction reaction mechanism, transition group metallic oxide has the theoretical specific capacity far above graphite as Novel cathode material for lithium ion battery, has potential using value in lithium ion battery.This type of mechanism is not only applicable to transition group metallic oxide, and is applicable to sulfide, nitride, fluoride, phosphide etc.In oxidation/reduction type negative material, phosphide has relatively low charge and discharge platform, and positive electrode coupling has higher voltage while using, is conducive to improve the power density of lithium ion battery.In addition, the charge and discharge platform stable of phosphide, can provide stable Voltage-output as lithium ion battery negative material.But the same with other oxidation/reduction type negative materials, phosphide conductivity is poor, there will be the destruction of initial configuration and pattern in cyclic process, causes cyclical stability poor.Phosphide growth in situ is not only conducive to improve on conducting base its electric conductivity, can also strengthens its structural stability, thereby improve its chemical property.Existing method, by first red phosphorus being distributed on Copper Foil or copper coin, is then passed through high temperature solid state reaction, thereon growth in situ copper phosphide in 250 ~ 400 degree scopes under protective gas condition.Because red phosphorus directly contacts with copper matrix, react more violent, process is difficult to control, and the copper phosphide uniformity generating is poor, and has reacted easily and be bonded with the not red phosphorus of complete reaction at copper matrix surface.In addition, because the specific area of Copper Foil or copper sheet is less, copper phosphide/the copper compound structure obtaining is unfavorable for fully contacting of electrolyte and copper phosphide when the lithium ion battery negative material, and along with the increase of copper phosphide quality, copper phosphide/copper compound structure conductivity worsens rapidly, thereby causes chemical property undesirable.Therefore, the key of research and development high performance lithium ionic cell cathode material copper phosphide/copper is to prepare copper phosphide and evenly grows, is conducive to the composite construction that electrolyte fully contacts with copper phosphide.Foam copper has three-dimensional porous structure, good electric conductivity and structural stability, specific area is far above Copper Foil and copper sheet, in lithium ion battery, not only can be used as conductive filling material, also can be used as conducting base in-situ deposition, grown silicon, tin and metal oxide materials, shown good chemical property using it as lithium ion battery negative material.Using three-dimensional porous foam copper as conducting base, growth in situ copper phosphide material thereon, not only be conducive to contacting of electrolyte and copper phosphide, the three-dimensional porous structure of foam copper also will effectively cushion the change in volume of copper phosphide in cyclic process, the structural stability of reinforcing material, thus its chemical property improved.At present, on foam copper, the research of growth in situ copper phosphide there is not yet report.Based on above research background, this patent is invented a kind of gas-solid reaction method and is prepared the copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material of copper phosphide uniform deposition on foam copper surface, the copper phosphide depositing is loose structure, has shown excellent cyclical stability using it as lithium ion battery negative.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to prepare the copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material of loose structure by gas-solid reaction taking red phosphorus and foam copper as the basic raw material of reaction, by gasification phosphorus uniform deposition on foam copper, form high performance lithium ion battery composite negative pole material, wherein the mass ratio of red phosphorus and foam copper is 1:5 ~ 1:10.Its principle utilizes high-temperature heating that first red phosphorus gasified exactly, and the red phosphorus after gasification and foam copper (are bought in Changsha Liyuan New Material Co., Ltd. bore hole size 200 ~ 500 mm, surface density 380 g/m
2, thickness 1.5 mm) fully contact concurrent biochemical reaction, the uniform porous copper phosphide of finally directly growing on foam copper.
The synthesis material of copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material involved in the present invention is foam copper and red phosphorus, and the reaction occurring in course of reaction is:
P (s) →P (g) (1)
P (g) + 3Cu → Cu
3P (2)
In material preparation process, first appropriate red phosphorus is ground and is laid in ceramic boat, tiling thickness is 1 ~ 3mm, and foam copper is positioned over.Between foam copper and red phosphorus, separate with foam copper fines, avoid foam copper directly to contact with red phosphorus and vigorous reaction at high temperature occurs.Described red phosphorus tiling thickness is 1.0 ~ 3.0mm, and foam copper fines is of a size of 1 ~ 3mm, and foam copper fines thickness is 0.5 ~ 1.0mm, and foam copper tiling thickness is 0.5 ~ 1.5mm, foam copper aperture size 200 ~ 500mm.
Then ceramic boat is placed in heating container, under condition of nitrogen gas, is heated to 300 ~ 400 degree reaction 1 ~ 10 hour, make the red phosphorus after gasification fully contact concurrent biochemical reaction with foam copper, the naturally cooling copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material that obtains.
Copper phosphide/the carbon/carbon-copper composite material that adopts the method to prepare is loose structure, and copper phosphide is evenly grown in foam copper surface, and particle mean size is 300 ~ 500 nm.
Copper phosphide/the carbon/carbon-copper composite material that adopts the method to prepare is applied in lithium ion battery as negative material, and charge and discharge capacity is respectively 400,341 mAh/g first, and after 60 circulations, charge and discharge capacity is respectively 409,398 mAh/g.
Copper phosphide/copper negative material and preparation method involved in the present invention have the following advantages:
(1) synthesis technique is simple, easy operating, and material preparation cost is low;
(2) course of reaction belongs to a kind of gas-solid reaction, and reaction raw materials contact fully, reacts completely, and avoids residual phosphorus on conducting base;
(3) copper phosphide layer is evenly distributed on foam copper surface, is loose structure;
(4) prepared material charge and discharge platform stable, voltage polarizing is little, and capacity is higher, cycle performance excellence.
brief description of the drawings:
The XRD collection of illustrative plates of Fig. 1 embodiment 1 prepared sample.
The SEM figure of Fig. 2 embodiment 1.
First three of Fig. 3 embodiment 1 time charge and discharge curve (a) and cycle performance figure (b).
The XRD collection of illustrative plates of Fig. 4 embodiment 2 prepared samples.
First three of Fig. 5 embodiment 2 time charge and discharge curve (a) and cycle performance figure (b).
The XRD collection of illustrative plates of Fig. 6 embodiment 3 prepared samples.
First three of Fig. 7 embodiment 3 time charge and discharge curve (a) and cycle performance figure (b).
embodiment:
embodiment 1
Take 1g red phosphorus, in mortar, grind 10 minutes, be transferred in ceramic boat and tile, then foam copper (long 4.8 centimetres, wide 2.4 centimetres, 5) is stacked on red phosphorus, between foam copper and red phosphorus, separate with foam copper fines, avoid direct contact.Ceramic boat is moved in high temperature process furnances, under 350 DEG C of conditions, calcine in nitrogen 5 hours, naturally coolingly can obtain required sample.Result shows, prepared sample is copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material (as shown in Figure 1) through XRD atlas analysis, is positioned at 44.4 °, 51.7 ° and 76.4 in figure
odiffraction maximum corresponding to (111) of fcc Cu, (200) and (220) crystal face.Be positioned at 36.0 °, 39.0 °, 41.6 °, (112) of 45.1 ° and 46.1 ° of diffraction maximums of locating and hexagonal crystal system copper phosphide, (202), (121), (300) and (113) crystal face correspondence, lattice constant is
a=0.6954 nm,
c=0.7149 nm, corresponding to XRD card JCPDS, No. 65-3628.Prepared copper phosphide/copper scans through SEM, and as seen from Figure 2, copper phosphide is evenly grown in foam copper surface, is loose structure, and the particle that is 500 nm by a large amount of average grain diameters forms.Stable charge and discharge platform and less voltage polarizing have been shown using prepared copper phosphide/copper as lithium ion battery negative material, charge and discharge capacity is 325,450 mAh/g first, after 60 circulations, charge and discharge capacity is respectively 383,395 mAh/g, has shown fabulous stable circulation performance (as shown in Figure 3).
embodiment 2
Take 1g red phosphorus, in mortar, grind 10 minutes, be transferred in ceramic boat and tile, then foam copper (long 4.8 centimetres, wide 2.4 centimetres, 5) is stacked on red phosphorus, between foam copper and red phosphorus, separate with foam copper fines, avoid direct contact.Ceramic boat is moved in high temperature process furnances, under 300 DEG C of conditions, calcine in nitrogen 5 hours, naturally coolingly can obtain required sample.Result shows, prepared sample is copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material through XRD atlas analysis, is positioned at 44.4 °, 51.7 ° and 76.4 in figure
odiffraction maximum corresponding to (111) of fcc Cu, (200) and (220) crystal face.Be positioned at 45.1 ° and 46.1 ° of diffraction maximums of locating corresponding with (300) and (113) crystal face of hexagonal crystal system copper phosphide, lattice constant is
a=0.6954 nm,
c=0.7149 nm, corresponding to XRD card JCPDS, No. 65-3628 (as shown in Figure 4).Stable charge and discharge platform and less voltage polarizing have been shown using prepared copper phosphide/copper as lithium ion battery negative material, charge and discharge capacity is 313,384 mAh/g first, after 60 circulations, charge and discharge capacity is respectively 377,386 mAh/g, has shown fabulous stable circulation performance (as shown in Figure 5).
embodiment 3
Take 1g red phosphorus, in mortar, grind 10 minutes, be transferred in ceramic boat and tile, then foam copper (long 4.8 centimetres, wide 2.4 centimetres, 5) is stacked on red phosphorus, between foam copper and red phosphorus, separate with foam copper fines, avoid direct contact.Ceramic boat is moved in high temperature process furnances, under 400 DEG C of conditions, calcine in nitrogen 5 hours, naturally coolingly can obtain required sample.Result shows, prepared sample is copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material through XRD atlas analysis, is positioned at 44.4 °, 51.7 ° and 76.4 in figure
odiffraction maximum corresponding to (111) of fcc Cu, (200) and (220) crystal face.Be positioned at 36.0 °, 39.0 °, 41.6 °, (112) of 45.1 ° and 46.1 ° of diffraction maximums of locating and hexagonal crystal system copper phosphide, (202), (121), (300) and (113) crystal face correspondence, lattice constant is
a=0.6954 nm,
c=0.7149 nm, corresponding to XRD card JCPDS, No. 65-3628(is as shown in Figure 6).Stable charge and discharge platform and less voltage polarizing have been shown using prepared copper phosphide/copper as lithium ion battery negative material, charge and discharge capacity is 373,691 mAh/g first, after 60 circulations, charge and discharge capacity is respectively 291,302 mAh/g, has shown fabulous stable circulation performance (as shown in Figure 7).
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method for copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material, is characterized in that: taking red phosphorus and foam copper as basic material, red phosphorus, foam copper are laid in ceramic boat from bottom to up successively, under nitrogen protection, adopt gas-solid reaction method to make.
2. the preparation method of copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: between red phosphorus and foam copper, separate with foam copper fines, wherein said red phosphorus tiling thickness is 1.0 ~ 3.0mm, foam copper fines is of a size of 1 ~ 3mm, foam copper fines thickness is 0.5 ~ 1.0mm, foam copper tiling thickness is 0.5 ~ 1.5mm, foam copper aperture size 200 ~ 500mm.
3. the preparation method of copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mass ratio of red phosphorus and foam copper is 1:5 ~ 10.
4. the preparation method of copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: under nitrogen protection, and gas-solid reaction 1 ~ 10 hour at 300 ~ 400 DEG C.
5. copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material, is characterized in that: copper phosphide is evenly grown in foam copper surface, is loose structure, and particle mean size is 300 ~ 500 nm.
6. the application of copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material in lithium ion battery, is characterized in that: using copper phosphide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material as lithium ion battery negative material.
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104868098A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-26 | 三峡大学 | Negative electrode of carbon-composite Cu3P-Cu lithium-ion battery and preparation method of negative electrode |
CN104979556A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-10-14 | 三峡大学 | Nitrogen-doped Cu3P/C-Cu lithium-ion battery negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
CN105024071A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-11-04 | 三峡大学 | Cu2S/Cu anode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method |
CN104409699B (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-06-08 | 陕西科技大学 | The preparation method of a kind of graphene coated cuprous phosphide matrix material |
CN109638228A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-04-16 | 扬州大学 | A kind of preparation method of Hawkins cell negative electrode material |
CN111313006A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-19 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Phosphorus-copper negative electrode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
CN111564610A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-08-21 | 华南师范大学 | Carbon-coated cuprous phosphide-copper composite particle modified by carbon nanotube and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114162803A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-11 | 温州大学 | Method for injecting phosphorus in liquid phase in hollow carbon nanospheres and red phosphorus anode material |
US11764153B1 (en) | 2022-07-28 | 2023-09-19 | Chun-Ming Lin | Interconnect structure and manufacturing method for the same |
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CN104409699B (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-06-08 | 陕西科技大学 | The preparation method of a kind of graphene coated cuprous phosphide matrix material |
CN104868098A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-26 | 三峡大学 | Negative electrode of carbon-composite Cu3P-Cu lithium-ion battery and preparation method of negative electrode |
CN104979556A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-10-14 | 三峡大学 | Nitrogen-doped Cu3P/C-Cu lithium-ion battery negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
CN104868098B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2018-03-27 | 三峡大学 | A kind of carbon composite Cu3P Cu negative electrode of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
CN105024071A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-11-04 | 三峡大学 | Cu2S/Cu anode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method |
CN105024071B (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2018-03-02 | 三峡大学 | A kind of Cu2S/Cu lithium ion battery negative materials and preparation method |
CN109638228A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-04-16 | 扬州大学 | A kind of preparation method of Hawkins cell negative electrode material |
CN111313006A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-19 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Phosphorus-copper negative electrode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
CN111313006B (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2022-05-10 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Phosphorus-copper negative electrode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
CN111564610A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-08-21 | 华南师范大学 | Carbon-coated cuprous phosphide-copper composite particle modified by carbon nanotube and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111564610B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-06-08 | 华南师范大学 | Carbon-coated cuprous phosphide-copper composite particle modified by carbon nanotube and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114162803A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-11 | 温州大学 | Method for injecting phosphorus in liquid phase in hollow carbon nanospheres and red phosphorus anode material |
US11764153B1 (en) | 2022-07-28 | 2023-09-19 | Chun-Ming Lin | Interconnect structure and manufacturing method for the same |
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