CN103884320A - Detection method of structure perpendicularity - Google Patents

Detection method of structure perpendicularity Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103884320A
CN103884320A CN201410084309.3A CN201410084309A CN103884320A CN 103884320 A CN103884320 A CN 103884320A CN 201410084309 A CN201410084309 A CN 201410084309A CN 103884320 A CN103884320 A CN 103884320A
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structures
total powerstation
angle value
described structures
value
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苏卫江
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China Huaye Group Co Ltd
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China Huaye Group Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C1/00Measuring angles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C9/00Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a detection method of structure perpendicularity. The detection method is characterized in that the characteristic that the edges of two sides of a cylinder-shaped structure with different diameters of each cross section are symmetrical relatively to the vertical center line of the structure as well as the function of a total station capable of accurately observing a horizontal included angle of any two points are utilized so as to obtain a horizontal angle value of the center of the structure at any elevation, if the deviation of the structure perpendicularity is 0 mm, the horizontal angle values of the center of the structure at any elevation are equal, and on the contrary, the difference of angle values is a perpendicularity deviation value. By adopting the detection method of the structure perpendicularity provided by the invention, an observation direction can be flexibly selected; the detection method is simple in principle and is easy to operate.

Description

The detection method of structures verticality
Technical field
The present invention relates to the realm of building construction, more specifically, relate to a kind of detection method of structures verticality.
Background technology
Along with the raising of people's living standard, the effect of basic industry building performance in social production is built of thermal power plant's chimney, cooling tower, steel-making blast furnace guarantee people material requisite is more and more important, correspondingly, also more and more higher to the requirement of quality and security in its work progress.
The common feature of the structures such as chimney, water tower, blast furnace be exactly any absolute altitude place xsect be all circular, and these circular diameters are different and the center of circle is linked to be a pedal line.In the work progress of these class structures, the measurement of verticality and control are very important links, the accuracy meeting of its monitoring are directly affected to quality and the safety of this type of building structure construction.
Traditional to the monitoring method of structures verticality mainly: the initial stage of building at these structures, each both direction control post of arranging on the ground of the four direction of mind-set right-angled intersection in structures, after structures are completed, or in stopping production, emit actual central point at the top of structures, and on a control post on ground, transit is installed, another control post by this control post homonymy of transit backsight carries out orientation, then forward sight structures top virtual center point, if two control post structures and to build the central point three of thing not into a line, structures verticality has deviation.
But, adopt said method to monitor the verticality of structures, need to carry out in advance and to arrange the preparation of controlling post, and set direction underaction when observation verticality, operating process complexity.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of detection method of structures verticality, to solve the problems such as the complicated operation, inefficiency and the monitoring that occur in the method for early-stage preparations control post of current employing be dumb.
According to the detection method of structures verticality of the present invention, comprising:
A side at structures is settled total powerstation;
Total powerstation is sighted to the top of structures, made respectively " crosshair " vertical hair of total powerstation and the edge of both sides, structures top tangent, obtain the mean value of both sides, top level angle value of structures as the apex angles value of structures;
Total powerstation is sighted to the bottom of structures, made respectively " crosshair " vertical hair of total powerstation and the edge of structures two bottom sides tangent, obtain the mean value of level angle value of the two bottom sides of structures as the bottom angle value of structures; Obtain the horizontal range between structures center and total powerstation simultaneously;
Determine the perpendicularity deviation angle value of structures according to the bottom angle value of the apex angles value of structures and structures;
According to the horizontal range between perpendicularity deviation angle value and structures center and total powerstation, determine the perpendicularity deviation distance of structures.
In addition, preferred scheme is, in the process at the mean value of level angle value that obtains both sides, structures top as the apex angles value of structures,
Make " crosshair " vertical hair and the Yi Ce edge, structures top of total powerstation tangent, obtain the top one side level angle value of structures;
Rotate total powerstation make the vertical hair of total powerstation and the edge of structures top opposite side tangent, obtain the top opposite side level angle value of structures;
Apex angles value using the mean value of the top of structures one side level angle value and top opposite side level angle value as structures.
In addition, preferred scheme is, in the process at the mean value of level angle value that obtains structures two bottom sides as the bottom angle value of structures,
Make " crosshair " vertical hair of total powerstation and the edge of structures bottom one side tangent, obtain the bottom one side level angle value of structures;
Rotate bottom " crosshair " vertical hair that total powerstation makes total powerstation and structures the edge of opposite side tangent, obtain the bottom opposite side level angle value of structures;
Bottom angle value using the mean value of the bottom of structures one side level angle value and bottom opposite side level angle value as structures.
In addition, preferred scheme is, obtaining in the process of the horizontal range between structures center and total powerstation,
Obtain the horizontal range L between edge and the total powerstation of structures bottom left left;
Horizontal range L between structures center and total powerstation incomputing formula be: L in=L left× COS(β inleft)
Wherein, β leftfor the bottom left level angle value of structures, β infor the bottom angle value of structures.
In addition, preferably scheme is, the horizontal range L between the edge and the total powerstation that obtain structures bottom left leftprocess in,
Bottom left edge at structures arranges prism;
Measurement is obtained horizontal range between prism loca and total powerstation as the horizontal range L between edge and the total powerstation of structures bottom left left.
In addition, preferably scheme is, the perpendicularity deviation angle value Δ of structures anglecomputing formula be:
Δ angle=│ α inin
Wherein, α infor the apex angles value of structures, β infor the bottom angle value of structures.
In addition, preferred scheme is that the computing formula of the perpendicularity deviation distance of structures is:
Δ distanceangle× L in÷ ρ
Wherein, Δ distancefor the perpendicularity deviation distance of structures, Δ anglefor the perpendicularity deviation angle value of structures, L infor the horizontal range between structures center and total powerstation, ρfor constant 206265 ".
In addition, preferred scheme is, position between top and the bottom of structures, makes respectively " crosshair " vertical hair of total powerstation and the edge of arbitrary plane both sides, structures middle part tangent, obtains the mean value of arbitrary plane both sides, the middle part level angle value of structures.
In addition, preferred scheme is that the angle measurement accuracy of total powerstation is 2 ", distance accuracy is 2+2Dppm.
In addition, preferred scheme is that total powerstation is not less than 1.5 times of structures height value apart from the distance of structures.
Utilize above-mentioned according to the detection method of structures verticality of the present invention, do not need to do the preparation of construction in early stage detecting, set direction when observation is flexible, in addition, utilize the every place of structures cross-sectional diameter all not identical column type structures both sides of the edge all with the characteristic of its vertical center line symmetry, to draw the level angle value at any absolute altitude of structures center, principle is simple, easy to operate, formula is understandable, calculates simple.
In order to realize above-mentioned and relevant object, one or more aspects of the present invention comprise below by the feature that describes in detail and particularly point out in the claims.Explanation below and accompanying drawing describe some illustrative aspects of the present invention in detail.But, the indication of these aspects be only some modes that can use in the variety of way of principle of the present invention.In addition, the present invention is intended to comprise all these aspects and their equivalent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reference to the content below in conjunction with the description of the drawings and claims, and along with understanding more comprehensively of the present invention, other object of the present invention and result will be understood and easy to understand more.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is according to the detection method schematic diagram of the structures verticality of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the detection method observation structures medium position schematic diagram according to the structures verticality of the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numeral wherein comprises: the distance L at total powerstation 1, prism 2, structures 3, structures center line 4, structures pedal line 5, total powerstation and structures center in.
In institute's drawings attached, identical label is indicated similar or corresponding feature or function.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, specific embodiments of the invention are described in detail.
Fig. 1 shows according to the detection method of the structures verticality of the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the detection method of structures verticality of the present invention, comprising:
Settle total powerstation 1 in the position that is not less than 1.5 times of distances of structures 3 height values apart from the distance of structures 3;
Total powerstation 1 is sighted to the top of structures 3, made respectively " crosshair " vertical hair of total powerstation 1 and the edge of structures 3 both sides, top tangent, obtain the mean value of both sides, top level angle value of structures 3 as the apex angles value of structures 3;
Total powerstation 1 is sighted to the bottom of structures 3, made respectively " crosshair " vertical hair of total powerstation 1 and the edge of structures 3 two bottom sides tangent, obtain the mean value of level angle value of the two bottom sides of structures 3 as the bottom angle value of structures; Obtain the horizontal range between structures 3 centers and total powerstation 1 simultaneously;
Determine the perpendicularity deviation angle value Δ of structures 3 according to the bottom angle value of the apex angles value of structures 3 and structures 3 angle, i.e. Δ angle=│ α inin│; Wherein, α infor the apex angles value of structures, β infor the bottom angle value of structures.
According to the horizontal range between perpendicularity deviation angle value and structures 3 centers and total powerstation, determine the perpendicularity deviation distance, delta of structures 3 distance, i.e. Δ distanceangle× L in÷ ρ; Wherein, Δ distancefor the perpendicularity deviation distance of structures, Δ anglefor the perpendicularity deviation angle value of structures, L infor the horizontal range between structures center and described total powerstation, ρ is constant 206265 ".
Wherein, in the process at the mean value of level angle value that obtains both sides, structures top as the apex angles value of structures, make " crosshair " vertical hair of total powerstation and Yi Ce edge, structures top tangent, obtain the top one side level angle value of structures; Rotate total powerstation make the vertical hair of total powerstation and the edge of structures top opposite side tangent, obtain the top opposite side level angle value of structures; Apex angles value using the mean value of the top of structures one side level angle value and top opposite side level angle value as structures.
Wherein, in the process at the mean value of level angle value that obtains structures two bottom sides as the bottom angle value of structures, make " crosshair " vertical hair of total powerstation and the edge of structures bottom one side tangent, obtain the bottom one side level angle value of structures; Rotate bottom " crosshair " vertical hair that total powerstation makes total powerstation and structures the edge of opposite side tangent, obtain the bottom opposite side level angle value of structures; Bottom angle value using the mean value of the bottom of structures one side level angle value and bottom opposite side level angle value as structures.
Wherein, obtain in the process of the horizontal range between structures center and total powerstation, obtain the horizontal range L between edge and the total powerstation of structures bottom left left; Horizontal range L between structures center and total powerstation incomputing formula be: L in=L left× COS(β inleft) wherein, β leftfor the bottom left level angle value of structures, β infor the bottom angle value of structures.
Wherein, the horizontal range L between the edge and the total powerstation that obtain structures bottom left leftprocess in, at the bottom left edge of structures, prism is set; Measurement is obtained horizontal range between prism loca and total powerstation as the horizontal range L between edge and the total powerstation of structures bottom left left.
It should be noted that, for the use of total powerstation, can carry out as the case may be to determine the sequencing taking measurement of an angle, can be by first measuring any absolute altitude of structures place right side edge angle, then be rotated counterclockwise total station survey left side edge angle, then carry out the calculating of angle value, in the present invention, between total powerstation observation any two points, the function of horizontal sextant angle has just been used the angle measurement function of transit.
A specific embodiment that carries out verticality detection according to the detection method of structures verticality of the present invention, is described in detail as follows:
1, selecting angle measurement accuracy is 2 ", the total powerstation 1 that distance accuracy is 2+Dppm, and be placed in the position that is not less than 1.5 times of structures 3 height values apart from the distance of tested structures 3.
It should be noted that, the precision of total powerstation 1 and the selection of placement location, the directly measuring accuracy of impact to structures 3 perpendicularity deviation distances, particularly, can require select and settle according to working-yard and monitoring accuracy.
2, total powerstation 1 is sighted to the top of structures 3, made its vertical hair and the structures 3 top left side edges of " crosshair " tangent, record level angle value α now left; Clockwise rotate total powerstation by tangent to its vertical hair and structures 3 top right side edges, and record level angle value α now right, calculate the mean value α of two top level angle values in.
After above-mentioned steps finishes, we can obtain according to the data of measurements and calculations the level angle value of structures 3 top circular face centers, that is to say the level angle value at this absolute altitude center, place, by the level angle value of this At The Height level angle value and other height is compared, can obtain the perpendicularity deviation value of these structures 3.
3, total powerstation 1 is sighted to the bottom of structures 3, made the vertical hair of its " crosshair " and structures 3 bottom left edges tangent, record level angle value β now left, prism 2 is arranged on to structures bottom left edge simultaneously, measure the horizontal range L between this point and total powerstation left.Clockwise rotate total powerstation 1 by tangent to vertical hair and structures 3 bottom right side edge, and record level angle value β now left, the mean value β of two bottom level angle values of calculating in.
In this step, also prism can be arranged on to the bottom right side edge to structures 3, now, according to the horizontal range between prism loca and total powerstation 1, can calculate equally the distance at total powerstation 1 and structures center, and then calculate the perpendicularity deviation distance of structures.
It should be noted that, if this tested structures perpendicularity deviation distance is 0mm, the level angle value at center, structures any absolute altitude place all equates, if the perpendicularity deviation of tested structures distance is not 0mm, the absolute value of the difference of the level angle value at two absolute altitude places up and down of measuring is exactly the perpendicularity deviation value of these structures.
4,, according to above-mentioned measurement data, calculate the perpendicularity deviation angle value Δ of structures angleand distance L between structures center and total powerstation in:
Δ angle=│ α inin│ (unit: ")
Wherein, Δ in the accompanying drawings anglebe expressed as the angle between the central point of the vertical point of structures 3 bottoms and straight line that total powerstation 1 forms and structures 3 bottoms and straight line that total powerstation 1 forms, wherein, vertical point is structures pedal line 5 and the intersection point of structures bottom, central point is the intersection point of structures center line 4 and structures 3 bottoms, i.e. the center of structures 3.
Meanwhile, can obtain the distance L between structures center and total powerstation in;
Wherein, L in=L left× COS(β inleft) (unit: mm)
5,, according to record data, calculate the perpendicularity deviation distance, delta of structures distance:
Δ distanceangle× L in÷ ρ (unit: mm)
Wherein, ρ is constant 206265 ".
It should be noted that, except to the observation of structures top and bottom, can select any absolute altitude place of structures middle part to carry out same measurement, make respectively " crosshair " vertical hair of total powerstation and the edge of arbitrary plane both sides, structures middle part tangent, obtain the mean value of arbitrary plane both sides, the middle part level angle value of structures, be structures middle parts angle value, bring above formula into and can obtain the perpendicularity deviation angle value Δ of this horizontal level and other positions angle.When need to observe the perpendicularity deviation of structures 3 optional positions, middle part apart from time, can utilize Trigonometric Leveling by Total Station method to measure measured point absolute altitude, thereby determine the position of measured point.Otherwise, if wonder the perpendicularity deviation of certain absolute altitude position, can be according to the absolute altitude of the total powerstation 1 recording and structures 3 horizontal ranges and this position, inverse goes out total powerstation 1 answers the angle of inclination value of setting-out, the perpendicular dish reading of total powerstation 1 is set as to this angle of inclination value, now, the position that " crosshair " center of total powerstation 1 is aimed at is the position that needs observation.
Fig. 2 shows the detection method observation structures medium position of the structures verticality of the specific embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 2, the angle of inclination that total powerstation 1 setting-out is certain, according to the horizontal range L between this position, place absolute altitude and total powerstation and structures incan determine this angle of inclination value, in the case, successively by tangent to " crosshair " vertical hair of total powerstation 1 and this absolute altitude left and right edges, obtain the level angle value of this absolute altitude, then repeat above-mentioned monitoring step and calculate, can obtain the perpendicularity deviation distance at this absolute altitude place.Now, total powerstation 1 is L with the distance at structures center in, i.e. the horizontal range of total powerstation 1 and tested structures 3 bottom centre's points.
It should be noted that, in the time obtaining the level angle value at structures 3 centers, any absolute altitude place, at least obtain the level angle value of two differing heights place-centrics, repeatedly calculate, to improve the overall measurement accuracy of structures perpendicularity deviation.
The detection method of structures verticality of the present invention, utilize every place cross-sectional diameter all not identical column type structures both sides of the edge all with the characteristic of its vertical center line symmetry, and total powerstation can accurate surveying any two points between the function of horizontal sextant angle, draw the level angle value at center, structures any absolute altitude place, and then draw the offset distance of the verticality of structures, principle is simple, easy to operate.
Describe according to the detection method of structures verticality of the present invention in the mode of example above with reference to accompanying drawing.But, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the detection method of the structures verticality proposing for the invention described above, can also on the basis that does not depart from content of the present invention, make various improvement.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the content of appending claims.

Claims (10)

1. a detection method for structures verticality, comprising:
A side at structures is settled total powerstation;
Described total powerstation is sighted to the top of described structures, make respectively " crosshair " vertical hair of described total powerstation and the edge of both sides, described structures top tangent, obtain the mean value of both sides, top level angle value of described structures as the apex angles value of described structures;
Described total powerstation is sighted to the bottom of described structures, make respectively " crosshair " vertical hair of described total powerstation and the edge of described structures two bottom sides tangent, obtain the mean value of level angle value of the two bottom sides of described structures as the bottom angle value of described structures; Obtain the horizontal range between described structures center and described total powerstation simultaneously;
Determine the perpendicularity deviation angle value of described structures according to the bottom angle value of the apex angles value of described structures and described structures;
According to the horizontal range between described perpendicularity deviation angle value and described structures center and described total powerstation, determine the perpendicularity deviation distance of described structures.
2. the detection method of structures verticality as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the process at the mean value of level angle value that obtains both sides, described structures top as the apex angles value of described structures,
Make " crosshair " vertical hair and the Yi Ce edge, described structures top of total powerstation tangent, obtain the top one side level angle value of described structures;
Rotate described total powerstation make the vertical hair of described total powerstation and the edge of structures top opposite side tangent, obtain the top opposite side level angle value of described structures;
Apex angles value using the mean value of the top of described structures one side level angle value and top opposite side level angle value as described structures.
3. the detection method of structures verticality as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the process at the mean value of level angle value that obtains described structures two bottom sides as the bottom angle value of described structures,
Make " crosshair " vertical hair of described total powerstation and the edge of described structures bottom one side tangent, obtain the bottom one side level angle value of described structures;
Rotate described total powerstation and make the edge of " crosshair " vertical hair of described total powerstation and described structures bottom opposite side tangent, obtain the bottom opposite side level angle value of described structures;
Bottom angle value using the mean value of the bottom of described structures one side level angle value and bottom opposite side level angle value as described structures.
4. the detection method of structures verticality as claimed in claim 1, wherein, obtaining in the process of the horizontal range between described structures center and described total powerstation,
Obtain the horizontal range L between edge and the described total powerstation of described structures bottom left left;
Horizontal range L between described structures center and described total powerstation incomputing formula be: L in=L left× COS(β inleft)
Wherein, β leftfor the bottom left level angle value of described structures, β infor the bottom angle value of described structures.
5. the detection method of structures verticality as claimed in claim 4, wherein, the horizontal range L between the edge and the described total powerstation that obtain described structures bottom left leftprocess in,
Bottom left edge at described structures arranges prism;
Measurement is obtained horizontal range between described prism loca and described total powerstation as the horizontal range L between edge and the described total powerstation of described structures bottom left left.
6. the detection method of structures verticality as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the perpendicularity deviation angle value Δ of described structures anglecomputing formula be:
Δ angle=│ α inin
Wherein, α infor the apex angles value of described structures, β infor the bottom angle value of described structures.
7. the detection method of structures verticality as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the computing formula of the perpendicularity deviation distance of described structures is:
Δ distanceangle× L in÷ ρ
Wherein, Δ distancefor the perpendicularity deviation distance of described structures, Δ anglefor the perpendicularity deviation angle value of described structures, L infor the horizontal range between described structures center and described total powerstation, ρfor constant 206265 ".
8. the detection method of structures verticality as claimed in claim 1, wherein, position between top and the bottom of described structures, make respectively " crosshair " vertical hair of described total powerstation and the edge of arbitrary plane both sides, described structures middle part tangent, obtain the mean value of arbitrary plane both sides, the middle part level angle value of described structures.
9. the detection method of structures verticality as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the angle measurement accuracy of described total powerstation is 2 ", distance accuracy is 2+2Dppm.
10. the detection method of structures verticality as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the distance of the described structures of described total powerstation distance is not less than 1.5 times of described structures height value.
CN201410084309.3A 2014-03-10 2014-03-10 Detection method of structure perpendicularity Pending CN103884320A (en)

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CN105737799A (en) * 2016-02-02 2016-07-06 湖南联智桥隧技术有限公司 Detection method for perpendicularity of pier stand column
CN106595568A (en) * 2016-12-30 2017-04-26 太原理工大学 Method for detecting vertical degree of upright post
CN108225293A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-06-29 东南大学 A kind of automatic laser verticality measurer and verticality measuring method
CN109882081A (en) * 2019-03-12 2019-06-14 中铁十二局集团有限公司 A kind of succinct measurement method of verticality based on no prism total station
CN111174771A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-05-19 中国十七冶集团有限公司 Method for measuring verticality of stand column
CN114353764A (en) * 2021-12-13 2022-04-15 中铁大桥局集团第二工程有限公司 Method and device for measuring parameters of pile casing

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105737799A (en) * 2016-02-02 2016-07-06 湖南联智桥隧技术有限公司 Detection method for perpendicularity of pier stand column
CN105737799B (en) * 2016-02-02 2018-03-23 湖南联智桥隧技术有限公司 A kind of detection method of pier column perpendicularity
CN106595568A (en) * 2016-12-30 2017-04-26 太原理工大学 Method for detecting vertical degree of upright post
CN108225293A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-06-29 东南大学 A kind of automatic laser verticality measurer and verticality measuring method
CN108225293B (en) * 2017-12-11 2021-01-05 东南大学 Automatic laser verticality measuring instrument and verticality measuring method
CN109882081A (en) * 2019-03-12 2019-06-14 中铁十二局集团有限公司 A kind of succinct measurement method of verticality based on no prism total station
CN111174771A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-05-19 中国十七冶集团有限公司 Method for measuring verticality of stand column
CN114353764A (en) * 2021-12-13 2022-04-15 中铁大桥局集团第二工程有限公司 Method and device for measuring parameters of pile casing
CN114353764B (en) * 2021-12-13 2024-04-19 中铁大桥局集团第二工程有限公司 Method and device for measuring pile casing parameters

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Application publication date: 20140625