CN103883682A - 内置离合齿轮变速箱 - Google Patents

内置离合齿轮变速箱 Download PDF

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CN103883682A
CN103883682A CN201210583865.6A CN201210583865A CN103883682A CN 103883682 A CN103883682 A CN 103883682A CN 201210583865 A CN201210583865 A CN 201210583865A CN 103883682 A CN103883682 A CN 103883682A
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陈驰川
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Zhangjiagang Hengxinda Machinery Co.,Ltd.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/083—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with radially acting and axially controlled clutching members, e.g. sliding keys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F16D11/16—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts with clutching members movable otherwise than only axially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2094—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using positive clutches, e.g. dog clutches

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

一种内置离合齿轮变速箱，具有多对齿轮副安装在同一管轴上，管轴中有内置离合机构，当一凸轮轴向移动将某卡爪推动到输出齿轮内孔凹槽里时，该输出齿轮与卡爪及管轴同速传动。凸轮移开即处空挡，凸轮移动与新的卡爪接触推动进入新的输出齿轮，换挡变速完成。控制凸轮位移，就操控变速换挡，行驶和停车中换挡十分方便的，挡位数不受限制。采用螺旋传动以及弹簧缓冲减小了换挡中的冲击力。由于卡爪与齿轮凹槽的结合中存在摩擦力和刚性力的双重结合，所以换挡缓和，并且依靠凸轮的支承而结合，所以结合可靠，分离完全，杜绝了换挡中的冲突，行驶更安全舒适。

Description

内置离合齿轮变速箱
技术领域
一种内置离合齿轮变速箱，具有多对齿轮副，安装在同一管轴上，管轴内置离合机构，与一凸轮的接触推压或者离开回位达到齿轮副换挡变速，实现了多挡数自动操控车用齿轮变速传动。
背景技术
齿轮变速效率高结构紧凑，但换挡不顺畅，挡间距离大，难以多挡数，操控不方便。
自动挡采用液力机械传动，耗费额外动能，增加油耗；钢带式CVT无级变速车调速须油压强力使带轮分合，降低了效率和寿命。
齿轮箱手动换挡，操控不便，冲击性不可避免，驾驶不够舒畅。
发明内容
一种内置离合齿轮变速箱，具有多对齿轮副，按传动比逐渐增减排列在管轴上，管轴内置离合机构，由一凸轮的管内轴向位移，达到各输出齿轮受到离合机构的结合或脱离，完成变速换挡。
各输出齿轮内孔制成凹槽以轴承支承在管轴上，管轴壁孔装有离合机构即卡爪组件(以下简称为卡爪)，外端头进入输出齿轮的凹槽，内端伸进管轴内部，当管轴里的凸轮接触卡爪内端头并推动卡爪作径向外移且进到输出齿轴凹槽最大内径处，这时输出齿轮即带动卡爪以及管轴和凸轮同速转动，输出转矩，再径差速器相关齿轮及半轴，直至驱动车轮。凸轮移开，卡爪在弹簧力下复位，外端头与输出齿轮内孔相脱离，管轴处于空转挡，凸轮继续位移，又在另一挡位将卡爪推动，成为新的换挡。
各输出齿轮同套于一管轴，所以挡数不限，离合过程相同，操控方便。只需控制凸轮的移距，就产生空挡或者所需挡位，凸轮的移动由螺旋副或液压件定距离操控。
从动力或电机连接输入轴，其上装有一排主动齿轮，使每对齿轮产生不同的转速，只要将凸轮移位于那挡即是那挡转速输出，而且便于自动控制。这里详细说明内置离合机构的结构形状特征。
1.双弹簧式离合机构
双弹簧式即有上下二套弹簧，卡爪分上下二部。当凸轮推动内端头作径向外移，下弹簧压缩，爪身带动爪套同时上升或者爪套压到齿轮内圆周里而未进入凹槽中，这时齿轮没有带动爪身及管轴转动，卡爪外端头与齿轮内孔作摩擦副传动产生了摩擦力，然而卡爪外端头对准齿轮凹槽后即进入凹槽，齿轮与卡爪及管轴同速转动，结合成功。当凸轮离开卡爪内端头，下弹簧力将卡爪复位，卡爪上端头与齿轮凹槽即脱离，终止传递，卡爪处于空挡，管轴作惯性转动或停止转动。
双弹簧卡爪随时能进入或脱离任何挡位的输出齿轮，所以运动或完全停车中能换挡变速。
单弹簧离合机构，爪身固连一体，内外端头间的距离固定不变，其值是齿轮凹槽最大半径减凸轮最大半径，所以凸轮移近卡爪内端头后是逐渐将卡爪推动径向外移，卡爪外端头沿着齿轮圆弧凹槽逐渐上升至最大半径处，然后由齿轮带动卡爪及其管轴和凸轮同速运转。一旦凸轮移开，卡爪内端头失去支承，弹簧力以及齿轮内凹槽的曲面推压力就将卡爪复位，换挡中杜绝了冲突。
管轴是中空传动轴，由某挡齿轮与卡爪相结合时同速转动，传递转矩到差速器的齿轮副上。各卡爪由套圈固定管轴壁孔中，受凸轮的推动而工作。
凸轮由螺旋副或者液压传动作轴向位移处于空挡或者任何一挡，顶住卡爪内端头，也就是支承着卡爪，将卡爪外端头结合在齿轮凹槽里传递转矩。凸轮支承在轴承上，轴承在滑移杆上滑移，滑移杆内有螺旋副，螺母移动时带动轴承及凸轮作轴向位移，并有弹簧使凸轮轴向移动及受到离合作用力时得到缓冲，减小了换挡的冲击。
附图说明
图1是内置离合齿轮变速箱总结构布置图
图2是内置离合齿轮变速箱单弹簧内置离合机构图
图3是内置离合齿轮变速箱输出齿轮结构形状图
图4是内置离合齿轮变速箱单弹簧卡爪组件结构
图5是内置离合齿轮变速箱双弹簧卡爪组件结构
图6是内置离合齿轮变速箱凸轮螺旋副结构
具体实施方式
从图1中，13.电动机，8.主动齿轮排，7.输出齿轮排，3.卡爪组件，5.管轴，6.凸轮，11.螺杆，5.管轴，12.齿轮箱，9.差速器齿轮，10.差速器大齿轮。
动力或电动机(13)联接齿轮箱(12)，输入轴联接一排主动齿轮(8)，并传动了输出，输出齿轮(7)内孔制成凹槽并与卡爪(3)在凸轮(6)的推动而结合，输出齿轮(7)与卡爪(3)、管轴(5)及凸轮(6)同转。管轴(5)一头输出与齿轮(9)联接，然后传动大齿轮(10)及其驱动轮。如果移动凸轮(6)与原先的卡爪(3)脱离，而新的卡爪
Figure BSA00000832278600031
进入新一挡输出齿轮(7)的凹槽即完成变速换挡。
图2中，单弹簧卡爪与输出齿轮凹槽相结合结构，卡爪组件下端头(3)与凸轮(6)于圆柱大径处接触，卡爪上端头(4)与输出齿轮(7)的凹槽接触传力，卡爪的套圈(2)支承在管轴(5)壁孔中，这时的输出齿轮(7)、卡爪组件(3)及管轴(5)和凸轮(6)同速转动。
图3中，输出齿轮制成圆弧凹槽
图4中，单弹簧卡爪由弹簧(1)、套圈(2)、爪身下端头(3)和上端头(4)组成。
图5中，双弹簧卡爪由下端头(1′)、下弹簧(2′)、套圈(3′)，销轴(4′)、上弹簧(5′)和上触头(6′)所组成。由于上触头(6′)与下端头(1′)滑动联接，下端头(1′)的径向上升时上触头(6′)可以顶在输出齿轮内孔相摩擦相对转动，所以凸轮随时作轴向位移，行驶或停车时能换挡。
图6中，凸轮与螺旋传动副的结构是凸轮(6)支承在轴承(19)上，轴承(19)滑套于套管(16)上，螺母(15)有卡头在套管(16)的槽里滑移，弹簧(17)压紧着轴承(19)以及凸轮(6)，螺头(14)调整弹簧(17)的弹力，螺杆(11)与螺母(15)构成螺旋传动副。
当凸轮(6)与卡爪传力时，凸转(6)能作轴向移距缓冲作用减小了冲击力。
还有离合机构的单弹簧式和双弹簧式均有弹簧力将所述卡爪(3)的外端头与所述输出齿轮(7)内孔凹槽产生摩擦力作圆周转动及径向滑移，离合过程较缓和。
卡爪外端头在离合中作圆周转动时有弹簧力形成相对转动的摩擦力和刚性卡爪的推动力，双重作用，离合平稳可靠，行驶安全舒畅。

Claims (5)

1.一种内置离合齿轮变速箱，有多对齿轮副安装在同一条管轴(5)上，所述管轴(5)内置卡爪(3)离合机构，当凸轮(6)接触并推动卡爪(3)径向外移时，所述卡爪(3)的外端头进入到某一输出齿轮(7)的内孔凹槽里相结合使该所述输出齿轮(7)与所述卡爪(3)、所述管轴(5)及所述凸轮(6)同速传动，直至传递到驱动轮，换挡变速完成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内置离合齿轮变速箱，其特征是离合机构有双弹簧与单弹簧结构形成，所述输出齿轮(7)内孔制成凹槽与所述凸轮(6)受螺杆(11)及螺母(15)的螺旋传动推移所述卡爪(3)进入相结合时联接成传动，所述凸轮(6)移开时传动分离，处于空挡，再移动到另一所述卡爪(3)时，就将该所述卡爪(3)与对应的所述输出齿轮(7)相结合，完成换挡。
3.根据权利要求1所述的内置离合齿轮变速箱，其特征是所述凸轮(6)由轴承(19)支承在所述套管(16)上，所述螺母(15)在所述套管(16)中滑移，并先经弹簧(17)压紧轴承(19)，所述轴承(19)再传力到所述凸轮(6)，使所述凸轮(6)传力中起缓冲作用，减小换挡的冲击力。
4.根据权利要求1所述的内置离合齿轮变速箱，其特征是单弹簧式所述卡爪(3)上下端头(3、4)的距离是所述输出齿轮(7)凹槽处半径相减所述凸轮(6)圆柱半径，所述卡爪(3)与所述输出齿轮(7)的相结合是由所述凸轮的支承着的，一旦所述凸轮(6)移开，所述卡爪(3)即复位，脱离所述齿轮(7)的凹槽，杜绝了换挡的相冲突。
5.根据权利要求1所述的内置离合齿轮变速箱，其特征是离合机构的单弹簧式和双弹簧式各有弹簧力推动所述卡爪(3)外端头与所述输出齿轮(7)内孔凹槽产生摩擦力作圆周转动及径向滑移，离合过程较缓和。
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110802866A (zh) * 2019-11-06 2020-02-18 常州大学 一种快速制作烟煤粘性指数样品的流水式装置

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EP0319233B1 (en) * 1987-11-27 1992-07-22 Kanzaki Kokyukoki Mfg. Co., Ltd. Synchronizing clutch assembly
US5297450A (en) * 1989-05-26 1994-03-29 Roger Macpherson Positive variable drive transmsission
CN2294354Y (zh) * 1997-01-24 1998-10-14 席玉琦 常啮齿轮内离合变速器
CN1730976A (zh) * 2005-08-04 2006-02-08 于守臣 内离合变速器
CN201078419Y (zh) * 2007-08-19 2008-06-25 阳尧端 多功能机自动离合器
CN201124364Y (zh) * 2007-10-01 2008-10-01 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 动力工具
CN203297529U (zh) * 2012-12-23 2013-11-20 陈驰川 内置离合齿轮变速箱

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0319233B1 (en) * 1987-11-27 1992-07-22 Kanzaki Kokyukoki Mfg. Co., Ltd. Synchronizing clutch assembly
US5297450A (en) * 1989-05-26 1994-03-29 Roger Macpherson Positive variable drive transmsission
CN2294354Y (zh) * 1997-01-24 1998-10-14 席玉琦 常啮齿轮内离合变速器
CN1730976A (zh) * 2005-08-04 2006-02-08 于守臣 内离合变速器
CN201078419Y (zh) * 2007-08-19 2008-06-25 阳尧端 多功能机自动离合器
CN201124364Y (zh) * 2007-10-01 2008-10-01 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 动力工具
CN203297529U (zh) * 2012-12-23 2013-11-20 陈驰川 内置离合齿轮变速箱

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110802866A (zh) * 2019-11-06 2020-02-18 常州大学 一种快速制作烟煤粘性指数样品的流水式装置

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