CN103872447A - Super high-frequency antenna sensor for local discharging of electrical equipment - Google Patents
Super high-frequency antenna sensor for local discharging of electrical equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN103872447A CN103872447A CN201310696027.4A CN201310696027A CN103872447A CN 103872447 A CN103872447 A CN 103872447A CN 201310696027 A CN201310696027 A CN 201310696027A CN 103872447 A CN103872447 A CN 103872447A
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Abstract
The invention provides a super high-frequency antenna sensor for local discharging of electrical equipment. The super high-frequency antenna sensor for local discharging of the electrical equipment comprises an antenna radiation layer, a coplanar waveguide feed layer, a dielectric layer, a coaxial joint and a metal mounting part; the antenna radiation layer is paved at the upper surface of the dielectric layer; the coplanar waveguide feed layer comprises a feed line and grounding layers; the grounding layers are symmetrically distributed at two sides of the feed line; the grounding layers are formed by two fully symmetric rectangles; the lower boundary of the rectangular grounding layers is flush with the lower boundary of the dielectric layer; the coaxial joint is welded with the feed line for receiving a signal sent by the feed line; the metal mounting part and the dielectric layer are fixed together; the coaxial joint is fixed at the metal mounting part. The super high-frequency antenna sensor for the local discharging of the electrical equipment has the characteristics of small size, strong antijamming capacity, wide frequency band, large gain, high sensitivity, good orientation and the like and ensures the safe operation of the electrical equipment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to insulation of electrical installation state on_line monitoring technical field, be specifically related to a kind of local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer.
Background technology
In recent years, along with improving constantly of voltage class of electric power system, electrical network scale constantly expands, and guarantees that insulation of electrical installation safety has become the important prerequisite of safeguards system safe operation.At present, operation power department is arranged in the measurement of partial discharge of large electric equipment in insulation preventive trial and carries out.Facts have proved, regularly preventive trial and maintenance plays a good role to minimizing and Accident prevention, but still has a lot of weak points.Therefore, at present obtained developing rapidly taking on-line monitoring and failure diagnosis as basic State Maintenance.On-line monitoring and fault diagnosis technology extensive use the technology such as electronics, computer, sensing, modern signal processing, photoelectricity and communication, electric equipment is carried out to online status monitoring, obtain in time insulation status information, and these information are processed and comprehensive analysis, the reliability of insulation is judged and insulation life is made a prediction.The excessive maintenance that State Maintenance has avoided preventive maintenance to cause equipment, has saved man power and material, has reduced the blindness of electric equipment test and maintenance.
Under electric field action, in insulation system, only have regional area to discharge, instead of large area or run through the electric discharge of whole conductor, this phenomenon is referred to as partial discharge.Partial discharge is attended by the generation of a pulse current, the nanosecond that its rising edge can reach, and therefore the frequency band of the discharge pulse signal of its generation is very wide, equivalent frequency can reach GHz.Hyperfrequency method is to detect the electromagnetic wave signal of the hyper band (300MHz-3GHz) that excites of partial discharge, in order to judge insulation of electrical installation situation.The object of selecting this frequency range is that the frequency band of the electromagnetic interference (as carrier communication, the corona discharge etc. of radio broadcasting, power network) in electric equipment electromagnetic environment of living in is under normal circumstances all below 300MHz, like this hyperfrequency method just can be avoided these common electromagnetic interference, makes the method have stronger anti-interference.In addition, which also has highly sensitive, the feature that accuracy is good.
The transducer of the electromagnetic wave signal that ultra-high frequency antenna produces as reception partial discharge, it is the chief component of ultrahigh frequency monitoring system, the quality of its performance has also directly determined that the ultra-high frequency signal later stage extracts and the complexity of identification, and the ultra-high frequency antenna transducer of better performances should have bandwidth, standing-wave ratio is little, gain is large, the feature of good directionality.In addition, also should have rational size and dimension, its installation can not affect the insulation integrity of device interior.
The local discharge superhigh frequency antenna sensor of existing detection electric equipment is unsatisfactory aspect size and gain characteristic, as " a kind of ultrahigh frequency monitoring sensor of GIS partial discharge of external " patent of the publication number CN101527221A on September 9th, 2009, disclosed transducer is made up of dielectric body and two battery lead plates, its dielectric body is matrix by upper bottom surface, bottom surface is the tetragonous cone table of intrados, and form with the rectangle that tetragonous cone table upper bottom surface is connected as one, two battery lead plate is attached to respectively on the side that two bases of tetragonous cone table are camber line, and extend in described rectangular corresponding rectangle surfaces.The major defect of this antenna sensor is: 1. this antenna sensor peripheral structure is to design for being arranged on GIS disc insulator outside, and structure is comparatively complicated, and volume is larger, is unsuitable for being arranged on inside electric appliance; 2. this antenna sensor is external sensor, because the gain of shielding electromagnetic waves effect and antenna sensor itself is little, makes this antenna sensor sensitivity lower, can not capture the faint local discharge signal of electric equipment.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer, have size little, antijamming capability is strong, bandwidth, and gain is large, and highly sensitive, the features such as good directionality, guarantee electric equipment safe operation.
The invention provides a kind of local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer, comprise aerial radiation layer, coplanar wave guide feedback layer, dielectric layer, coaxial fitting and metal installed part, the described aerial radiation layer described dielectric layer upper surface that is laid in, described coplanar wave guide feedback layer comprises feeder line and ground plane two parts, described ground plane is distributed in feeder line both sides symmetrically, described ground plane is made up of two rectangles of full symmetric, and the lower boundary of rectangle ground plane aligns with described dielectric layer lower boundary, described coaxial fitting and the welding of described feeder line, be used for receiving the signal of feeder line transmission, described metal installed part and described dielectric layer are fixed together, and described coaxial fitting is fixed on described metal installed part.
Further, the material of described dielectric layer is that relative dielectric constant is 4.4 epoxy resin, described dielectric layer be shaped as square, its length of side is 250mm, thickness is 1mm, in order to as insulating barrier.
Further, the material of described aerial radiation layer is that thickness is copper or aluminium or the silver of 5 μ m-50 μ m, and the periphery of described aerial radiation layer is less than dielectric layer 2mm-10mm, and is coated with at the upper surface of described aerial radiation layer the tin layer that thickness is 3-12 μ m.
Further, the fractal step of described aerial radiation layer comprises: step S11, circle 1 with its in connect square and dwindle the square 1 of 0.4-0.7 after doubly and subtract each other gained figure, be 0 described rank fractal antenna; Step S12, square 1 inscribed circle dwindle 0.4-0.7 and obtain circle 2 after doubly, circle 2 with its in connect square and dwindle the square 2 of 0.4-0.7 after doubly and subtract each other gained figure, be 1 described rank fractal antenna; Step S13, square 2 inscribed circle dwindle 0.4-0.7 and obtain circle 3 after doubly, circle 3 with its in connect square and dwindle the square 3 of 0.4-0.8 after doubly and subtract each other gained figure, be 2 rank fractal antennas.
Further, the width of described feeder line is 0.8mm-1mm, and length is 70.8mm, and between described ground plane and described feeder line, the width in gap is 0.1mm-0.3mm.
Further, in described ground plane, in the rectangle of two full symmetrics, the length of each rectangle is 124.35mm, and width is 70mm.
Further, near lower boundary place, equally distributed four via holes are set at described dielectric layer, described via hole is used for described metal installed part and described dielectric layer to be fixed together by screw.
Further, the material of described metal installed part is aluminium alloy, be shaped as dihedral, length is 250mm, be highly 17mm, thickness is 5mm, on the angular structure of described metal installed part, is evenly provided with four via holes in the described feeder line of correspondence dead ahead, and four via holes are fixed on described coaxial fitting on described metal installed part by screw.
Further, described coaxial fitting is bayonet nut connector BNC male, and the heart yearn of described coaxial fitting is by scolding tin and the welding of described feeder line.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, antenna sensor of the present invention is slab construction, and Sizes only needs when installation to be attached near detected equipment, and this antenna sensor small volume, can not bring new insulation hidden danger to electric equipment.
2, the frequency band range of antenna sensor of the present invention is 400MHz-1GHz, and because partial discharge electromagnetic wave high fdrequency component (being greater than 1GHz) decays acutely in propagation medium, main discharge energy concentrates on low-frequency range.Therefore, antenna sensor of the present invention can receive the ultra-high frequency signal that local discharge of electrical equipment produces effectively, and the accuracy detecting is high.
3, the average gain of antenna sensor of the present invention in passband 400MHz-1GHz reaches 2.5dB, can receive the faint ultra-high frequency signal of partial discharge, has higher signal to noise ratio and sensitivity, can find in time the partial discharge existing in electric equipment.
4, antenna sensor good directionality of the present invention, can receive the discharge signal from all directions, and antijamming capability is strong, has further improved the accuracy and the precision that detect.
5, antenna sensor of the present invention has stable output impedance in working band, and its resistance value is 50 Ω, can mate with transmission equipment preferably, has reduced the reflection loss in transmitting procedure, improves antenna efficiency.
The present invention can be widely used in the on-line monitoring of the local discharge superhigh frequency signal of the electric equipment of power plant, transformer station.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present embodiment 1 antenna sensor.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
In figure: 1 aerial radiation layer, 2 dielectric layers, 3 coplanar wave guide feedback layers, 4 metal installed parts, 5 coaxial fittings; 6 voltage regulators, 7 testing transformers, 8 protective resistances, 9 coupling capacitances, 10 detect impedance; 11 electric discharge cups, 12 electric discharge test products, 13 ultra-high frequency antenna transducers, 14 oscilloscopes.
Fig. 3 is the simulation result figure of radius of circle R1 about standing-wave ratio.
In figure:
A R1=169mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.6
B R1=170mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.6
C R1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.6
D R1=172mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.6
E R1=173mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.6
Fig. 4 be feeder line width G 2 and feeder line apart from ground width G the simulation result figure about standing-wave ratio.
In figure:
F R1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.8mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.6
G R1=171mm, G=0.3mm, G2=0.8mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.6
H R1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.6
I R1=171mm, G=0.3mm, G2=0.9mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.6
J R1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=1mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.6
K R1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=1mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.6
Fig. 5 meets the coefficient of reduction q of square or inscribed circle about the simulation result figure of standing-wave ratio in being.
In figure:
L R1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.4
M R1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.5
N R1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.6
P R1=171mm, G=0.2mm, G2=0.9mm, the standing-wave ratio simulation curve of antenna sensor when q=0.7
Fig. 6 is the present embodiment 1 ultra-high frequency antenna transducer actual measurement standing-wave ratio figure.
Fig. 7 is laboratory local discharge superhigh frequency method proving test schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the waveform schematic diagram that pulse current method detects local discharge signal.
Fig. 9 is the waveform schematic diagram that hyperfrequency method detects local discharge signal.
embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer, comprises aerial radiation layer 1, dielectric layer 2, coplanar wave guide feedback layer 3, metal installed part 4, coaxial fitting 5 and screw.
Wherein, the material of dielectric layer 2 is that relative dielectric constant is 4.4 epoxy resin.Dielectric layer 2 be shaped as square, its length of side is 250mm, thickness is 1mm.In order to the insulating barrier as antenna sensor of the present invention.
Wherein, the material of aerial radiation layer 1 is that upper surface is zinc-plated, thickness is the copper of 13 μ m, the be laid in upper surface of dielectric layer 2 of aerial radiation layer 1.Wherein aerial radiation layer 1 be shaped as three concentric circless respectively with the cut set of three concentric squares, in circle, dig up a concentric squares, thereby make aerial radiation layer 1 surface induction electric current bending mobile, with respect to complete circular radiating layer, antenna sensor of the present invention has lower resonance frequency, has effectively reduced the size of antenna.
Wherein, the material of coplanar wave guide feedback layer 3 is that upper surface is zinc-plated, thickness is the copper of 13 μ m, and it comprises ground plane and feeder line, and the width of feeder line is 0.8mm-1mm, and length is 70.8mm.Ground plane is distributed in feeder line both sides symmetrically, and and feeder line between the width in gap be 0.1mm-0.3mm.Ground plane is made up of two rectangles of full symmetric, and the length of each rectangle is 124.35mm, and width is 70mm, and the lower boundary of rectangle ground plane aligns with dielectric layer lower boundary.
Wherein, near lower boundary place, equally distributed four via holes are set at dielectric layer 2, via hole is used for a metal installed part 4 by screw and is fixed together with dielectric layer 2.Wherein, the material of metal installed part 4 is aluminium alloy, is shaped as dihedral, and length is 250mm, is highly 17mm, and thickness is 5mm.Wherein, on the angular structure of metal installed part 4, be evenly provided with four via holes in corresponding feeder line dead ahead, four via holes are fixed on coaxial fitting 5 on metal installed part 4 by screw, and coaxial fitting 5 is BNC male.Wherein the heart yearn of coaxial fitting 5, by scolding tin and feeder line welding, is used for receiving the signal of feeder line transmission.
When Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 is respectively exradius R1, the coplanar waveguide feeder line width G 2 of aerial radiation layer 1 and gets different value with ground spacing G and dimension reduction factor q, the situation of change of antenna sensor standing-wave ratio curve.
As shown in Figure 3, along with the increase of R1, the resonance point frequency of antenna moves to left, and this matches with the inverse relation of antenna applications frequency and antenna size.In order to make antenna not affect the insulation integrity of tested electric equipment as far as possible, wish that the size of antenna is the smaller the better.
As shown in Figure 4, along with the increase of co-planar waveguide clearance G, resonance frequency moves to right; Feeder line width G 2 major effect notch depths (being quality factor q), do not change resonance frequency substantially.The value size of G and G2 mainly affects resonance point position and the notch depth of antenna by changing antenna output impedance.
As shown in Figure 5, spacing between q value major effect fluting size and ectonexine, is equivalent to the inductance, electric capacity, the electricity that have changed in fluting aft antenna equivalent electric circuit and leads, and has caused the change of resonance frequency f and quality factor q.
Experimental result:
The antenna sensor of the present embodiment is carried out to Partial Discharge Detection test, and as shown in Figure 7, testing transformer is LTYDW-60kVA/60kV to experimental principle, and rated output voltage is 60kV, and output-current rating is 1A, and electric discharge test product is needle plate electrode.Digital oscilloscope model is Tektronix TDS7104, and bandwidth is 1GHz, and the high sampling rate of each passage is 5GS/s.When test, to being placed on the test product pressurization of electric discharge cup, make it that partial discharge occur by testing transformer, detect local discharge signal by pulse current method and hyperfrequency method simultaneously, experimental result oscillogram as shown in Figure 8, Figure 9.
From above-mentioned experimental result, the antenna sensor of the present embodiment can receive the electromagnetic wave signal of partial discharge effectively, and signal to noise ratio, sensitivity are higher.
Finally explanation is, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer, it is characterized in that: comprise aerial radiation layer, coplanar wave guide feedback layer, dielectric layer, coaxial fitting and metal installed part, the described aerial radiation layer described dielectric layer upper surface that is laid in, described coplanar wave guide feedback layer comprises feeder line and ground plane two parts, described ground plane is distributed in feeder line both sides symmetrically, described ground plane is made up of two rectangles of full symmetric, and the lower boundary of rectangle ground plane aligns with described dielectric layer lower boundary, described coaxial fitting and the welding of described feeder line, be used for receiving the signal of feeder line transmission, described metal installed part and described dielectric layer are fixed together, and described coaxial fitting is fixed on described metal installed part.
2. local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material of described dielectric layer is that relative dielectric constant is 4.4 epoxy resin, described dielectric layer be shaped as square, its length of side is 250mm, thickness is 1mm, in order to as insulating barrier.
3. local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material of described aerial radiation layer is that thickness is copper or aluminium or the silver of 5 μ m-50 μ m, and the periphery of described aerial radiation layer is less than dielectric layer 2mm-10mm, and be coated with at the upper surface of described aerial radiation layer the tin layer that thickness is 3-12 μ m.
4. local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fractal step of described aerial radiation layer comprises: step S11, circle 1 with its in connect square and dwindle the square 1 of 0.4-0.7 after doubly and subtract each other gained figure, be 0 described rank fractal antenna; Step S12, square 1 inscribed circle dwindle 0.4-0.7 and obtain circle 2 after doubly, circle 2 with its in connect square and dwindle the square 2 of 0.4-0.7 after doubly and subtract each other gained figure, be 1 described rank fractal antenna; Step S13, square 2 inscribed circle dwindle 0.4-0.7 and obtain circle 3 after doubly, circle 3 with its in connect square and dwindle the square 3 of 0.4-0.8 after doubly and subtract each other gained figure, be 2 rank fractal antennas.
5. local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the width of described feeder line is 0.8mm-1mm, length is 70.8mm, and between described ground plane and described feeder line, the width in gap is 0.1mm-0.3mm.
6. local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described ground plane, in the rectangle of two full symmetrics, the length of each rectangle is 124.35mm, and width is 70mm.
7. local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: near lower boundary place, equally distributed four via holes are set at described dielectric layer, described via hole is used for described metal installed part and described dielectric layer to be fixed together by screw.
8. local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material of described metal installed part is aluminium alloy, be shaped as dihedral, length is 250mm, be highly 17mm, thickness is 5mm, on the angular structure of described metal installed part, is evenly provided with four via holes in the described feeder line of correspondence dead ahead, and four via holes are fixed on described coaxial fitting on described metal installed part by screw.
9. local discharge of electrical equipment ultra-high frequency antenna transducer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described coaxial fitting is bayonet nut connector BNC male, and the heart yearn of described coaxial fitting is by scolding tin and the welding of described feeder line.
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| CN111478031A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-31 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Fractal antenna for ultrahigh frequency detection |
| CN113224513A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-06 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二三研究所 | Integrated waveguide antenna with aperture expanding medium |
| CN114300841A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-04-08 | 天津大学 | Novel ultrahigh frequency antenna for partial discharge detection based on coplanar waveguide feed |
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