CN103872159A - 一种光伏组件封装方法 - Google Patents

一种光伏组件封装方法 Download PDF

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CN103872159A
CN103872159A CN201410036206.XA CN201410036206A CN103872159A CN 103872159 A CN103872159 A CN 103872159A CN 201410036206 A CN201410036206 A CN 201410036206A CN 103872159 A CN103872159 A CN 103872159A
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郑旋城
戎俊梅
李学耕
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OPTONY SOLAR (HANGZHOU) CO Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种光伏组件封装方法,在现有产业化光伏组件封装结构的基础上,在太阳电池受光面,玻璃(或前膜)与顶面EVA胶膜之间加入一层顶面玻璃纤维,形成玻璃(或前膜)/(顶面EVA胶膜)/顶面玻璃纤维/顶面EVA胶膜/太阳电池/(背面玻璃纤维)/背面EVA胶膜/背板的结构,以提高太阳电池受光面封装材料透射率,尤其是提高400-900nm可见光波段透射率,减小光学封装损失,增加组件输出功率。

Description

一种光伏组件封装方法
技术领域
本发明属于光伏组件制备领域,具体涉及一种光伏组件封装方法。 
背景技术
为了提高太阳电池的寿命及得到所需的电学性能,需要将太阳电池通过封装及内部联结,借助层压机制做成最小的发电单元——光伏组件。现有技术中,晶硅组件封装结构中所采用的封装材料敷设顺序如图1所示,从受光面起依次是:玻璃10/顶面EVA胶膜11/太阳电池12/背面EVA胶膜13/背面玻璃纤维14/背板15;柔性薄膜组件封装材料的敷设顺序如图2所示,从受光面起依次是:前膜20/顶面EVA胶膜21/太阳电池22/背面EVA胶膜23/背板25。例如,专利201220475621.1公开了一种太阳能光伏组件封装方法,其封装材料的敷设顺序从受光面起依次是:背板/顶面EVA胶膜/太阳电池/背面EVA胶膜/封装层。 
现有技术中,光从组件表面到太阳电池内要依次经过玻璃(或前膜)/顶面EVA胶膜,玻璃(或前膜)和顶面EVA胶膜会对光产生吸收,造成光学封装损失,从而使其实际功率小于理论功率。 
太阳电池受光面的玻璃(或前膜)和顶面EVA胶膜封装组合的透射率越高,则进入到电池中的光也就越多,而电池的输出功率与光强成正比,则电池输出功率越大。在电池和其他辅材不变的情况下,提高玻璃(或前膜)和顶面EVA胶膜封装组合的透射率,尤其是提高400-900nm可见光波段透射率,可以增大组件的输出功率,减小光学封装损失。 
发明内容
针对现有技术中封装造成光学封装损失的问题,本发明提供一种封装方法,提高玻璃(或前膜)和顶面EVA胶膜封装组合的透射率,尤其是提高400-900nm可见光波段透过率,增大组件的输出功率,减小光学封装损失。 
一种光伏组件封装方法,在现有产业化光伏组件封装结构(图1,图2)的基础上,在太阳电池受光面,玻璃(或前膜)与顶面EVA胶膜之间加入一层顶面玻璃纤维,以提高太阳电池受光面封装材料透射率,减小光学封装损失,增加组件输出功率。 
现产业化光伏组件生产封装工序中将玻璃纤维加在太阳电池背面,只是发挥了玻璃纤维可以提高组件机械强度和绝缘性的功能,没有利用玻璃纤维可以提高400-900nm可见光波段透过率的功能。 
作为优选,本发明的封装方法在玻璃(或前膜)与顶面玻璃纤维之间再加入一层顶面EVA胶膜,形成玻璃(或前膜)/顶面EVA胶膜/顶面玻璃纤维/顶面EVA胶膜/太阳电池/(背面玻璃纤维)/背面EVA胶膜/背板的结构。 
本发明中,所述顶面玻璃纤维克重优选为18-23g/m2,厚度优选为0.1-0.13mm,可以基本杜绝层压后肉眼可见玻璃纤维丝的现象。 
本发明中,位于顶面玻璃纤维上下面的顶面EVA胶膜厚度优选为0.3mm,不仅控制了使用多层EVA胶膜增加组件厚度和重量的问题,同时还解决了由于玻璃纤维压不透影响组件外观质量的问题。 
本发明所述的太阳电池为晶硅电池、薄膜电池,如单晶硅电池、微晶硅电池、非晶硅薄膜电池、CIGS薄膜电池、CdTe薄膜电池、III-V族化合物电池等,但不限于此。封装材料为硬质材料或柔性材料。 
与现有技术相比,本发明在玻璃(或前膜)与顶面EVA胶膜间加入一层厚度仅为0.1-0.13mm的顶面玻璃纤维,利用玻璃纤维可以提高400-900nm可见光波段透过率的功能,减少光学封装损失,增加功率输出。 
  
附图说明
图1为现有产业化晶硅组件封装结构示意图; 
图2为现有产业化柔性薄膜组件封装结构示意图;
图3为本发明提供晶硅组件封装结构示意图;
图4为本发明提供柔性薄膜组件封装结构示意图;
图5为本发明用于晶硅组件封装的光学增益对比数据图;
图6a-f为本发明用于柔性薄膜组件封装的光学增益对比数据图; 
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图来详细说明本发明,但本发明并不仅限于此。 
实施例1 
现有产业化晶硅组件封装结构如图1所示,材料敷设顺序从光照面起依次为玻璃10/顶面EVA胶膜11/太阳电池12/背面玻璃纤维13/背面EVA胶膜14/背板15。本发明的光伏组件封装方法,对于晶硅组件的材料敷设顺序从光照面起如图3所示,依次为玻璃10/顶面EVA胶膜11′/顶面玻璃纤维100/顶面EVA胶膜11′/太阳电池12/背面玻璃纤维13/背面EVA胶膜14/背板15。在玻璃10和顶面EVA胶膜11间加入一层顶面玻璃纤维100,厚度为0.1-0.13mm,克重为18-23g/m2。且选用两层0.3mm的顶面EVA胶膜11′代替现产业化用0.5mm顶面EVA胶膜11,其他物料敷设顺序不变。采用层压机分别将玻璃10/顶面EVA胶膜11、玻璃10/顶面EVA胶膜11′/顶面玻璃纤维100/顶面EVA胶膜11′热压固化,待自然冷却后,借助Lamda750分光光度计测试玻璃10/顶面EVA胶膜11样品与玻璃10/顶面EVA胶膜11′/顶面玻璃纤维100/顶面EVA胶膜11′样品层压后透射率数据,数据结果见图5,对比可以看出:加一层顶面玻璃纤维100后,在400-900nm波段,透射率平均提高2%左右。
实施例2 
现有产业化柔性薄膜组件封装结构如图2所示,材料敷设顺序从光照面起依次为前膜20/顶面EVA胶膜21/太阳电池22/背面EVA胶膜23/背板25。本发明的光伏组件封装方法,对于柔性薄膜组件,材料敷设顺序从光照面起如图4所示,依次为前膜20/顶面EVA胶膜21′/顶面玻璃纤维200/顶面EVA胶膜21′/太阳电池22/背面EVA胶膜23/背板25。在前膜20和顶面EVA胶膜21间加入一层玻璃纤维200,厚度为0.1-0.13mm,克重为18-23g/m2。且选用两层0.3mm顶面EVA胶膜21′代替现产业化用0.5mm顶面EVA胶膜21,其他物料敷设顺序不变。采用层压机分别将前膜20/顶面EVA胶膜21、前膜20/顶面EVA胶膜21′/顶面玻璃纤维200/顶面EVA胶膜21′热压固化,待自然冷却后,借助Lamda750分光光度计测试前膜20/顶面EVA胶膜21样品与前膜20/顶面EVA胶膜21′/顶面玻璃纤维200/顶面EVA胶膜21′样品层压后透射率值,如图6a,图6b,图6c所示。本实施例采用业内常用三种前膜即ETFE前膜(图6a)、FEP前膜(图6b)、3M前膜(图6c)制样,采用现代化晶硅用平高温布层压,加一层玻璃纤维后,均可在400-900nm波段,得到2%的透射率增益。
实施例3 
由于柔性薄膜组件封装结构中前膜都是柔性材料,故层压时多采用麻点高温布层压。将本发明的光伏组件封装方法,对于柔性薄膜组件,采用麻点高温布层压,其它材料与步骤均与实施例2相同,得到加顶面玻璃纤维200后与不加的透射率对比图如图6d(ETFE前膜),图6e(FEP前膜),图6f(3M前膜)所示。可以看出采用麻点高温布层压所得样品,加玻璃纤维后透射率增益更明显,最大可达5%左右。
以上所述均为本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明技术方案的限制,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。 

Claims (6)

1.一种光伏组件封装方法,封装材料的敷设顺序从受光面起依次为:玻璃(或前膜)/顶面EVA胶膜/太阳电池/(背面玻璃纤维)/背面EVA胶膜/背板,其特征在于,在玻璃(或前膜)与顶面EVA胶膜之间加入一层顶面玻璃纤维。
2.如权利要求1所述的光伏组件封装方法,其特征在于,在玻璃(或前膜)与顶面玻璃纤维之间再加入一层顶面EVA胶膜,形成玻璃(或前膜)/顶面EVA胶膜/顶面玻璃纤维/顶面EVA胶膜/太阳电池/(背面玻璃纤维)/背面EVA胶膜/背板的结构。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的光伏组件封装方法,其特征在于,所述顶面玻璃纤维的克重为18-23g/m2
4.如权利要求1或2所述的光伏组件封装方法,其特征在于,所述顶面玻璃纤维的厚度为0.1-0.13mm。
5.如权利要求2所述的光伏组件封装方法,其特征在于,所述顶面EVA胶膜厚度为0.3mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的光伏组件封装方法,其特征在于,所述太阳电池为晶硅电池、薄膜电池。 
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Cited By (4)

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CN104786614A (zh) * 2015-04-14 2015-07-22 四川和鼎环保工程有限责任公司 利于光伏板性能的组件复合方法
CN108376717A (zh) * 2016-10-31 2018-08-07 上迈(香港)有限公司 光伏组件层压结构的制备方法以及层压结构、光伏组件
CN111403513A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2020-07-10 北京汉能光伏投资有限公司 太阳能供电服、太阳能电池组件的封装方法及装置
CN114899276A (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-12 杭州玻美文化艺术有限公司 用网格化液体胶膜封装光伏组件的生产方法及光伏组件

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104786614A (zh) * 2015-04-14 2015-07-22 四川和鼎环保工程有限责任公司 利于光伏板性能的组件复合方法
CN108376717A (zh) * 2016-10-31 2018-08-07 上迈(香港)有限公司 光伏组件层压结构的制备方法以及层压结构、光伏组件
CN108376717B (zh) * 2016-10-31 2020-05-12 上迈(镇江)新能源科技有限公司 光伏组件层压结构的制备方法以及层压结构、光伏组件
CN111403513A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2020-07-10 北京汉能光伏投资有限公司 太阳能供电服、太阳能电池组件的封装方法及装置
CN114899276A (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-12 杭州玻美文化艺术有限公司 用网格化液体胶膜封装光伏组件的生产方法及光伏组件

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