CN103870654A - Electromagnetic scattering simulation method based on parallel moment method and physical optics mixing - Google Patents
Electromagnetic scattering simulation method based on parallel moment method and physical optics mixing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic scattering simulation method based on parallel moment method and physical optics mixing to mainly solve the problem that when electrically large models are processed in the prior art, the simulation efficiency of electromagnetic scattering and the precision are low. The electromagnetic scattering simulation method comprises the steps that a rough surface power spectrum and rough surface parameters are input, and a rough surface is simulated based on the Monte Carlo method; geometric modeling is carried out on a radar target through 3dsMax software, and the subdivided radar target is output; a combined model is formed by combining the rough surface and the radar target, the rough surface is divided into a physical optics area, and the radar target is divided into a parallel moment method area; induced currents on the rough surface and induced currents on the surface of the radar target are obtained; a far scattered field of the combined model is calculated based on the induced currents on the surface of the combined model, a radar cross section of the combined model is obtained, and simulation between the rough surface and the combined electromagnetic scattering of the radar target is achieved. According to the electromagnetic scattering simulation method, the memory consumption is little, the simulation efficiency is high, and the electromagnetic scattering simulation method can be used in the study on the rough surface and the radar target combined electromagnetic scattering character in the field of national defense and the civil using.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radar Electromagnetic Simulation technical field, relate to a kind of electromagnetic scattering emulation mode, for obtaining the composite radar scattering cross-section of target and rough surface.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of Radar Technology, the composite electromagnetic scattering research of target and rough surface has great importance in theoretical analysis and practical application.In the time that bank base, airborne or spaceborne radar carry out electromagnetic surveying to the target in all kinds of environment such as ocean, dark woods, desert, in the echoed signal that radar receives, not only comprise target information, also comprise the electromagnetic scattering signal of rugged face background.By analyzing these echoed signals, and then can draw some characteristic of surveyed environment and target.Thereby the radar scattering characteristic research of target and rough surface all has significant learning value and application prospect widely at national defence and civil area.
In decades, many Electromagnetic Simulation technology are proposed the composite electromagnetic scattering problem in order to process sea, ground and target by scholar, are broadly divided into approximation method and numerical method in the past.The advantage of approximation method is that EMS memory occupation is few, analysis speed is fast, but approximation method is all approximate based on specific physics, and narrow application range and precision are lower.Than approximation method, numerical method can keep higher simulation accuracy, but its EMS memory occupation is many, and analysis speed is slow.For TV university size uneven surface and the compound single station of complex target Electromagnetic Simulation problem, the configuration that numerical method has been no longer ordinary individual's computing machine to the demand of internal memory can meet, and simulation velocity is too slow, therefore these class methods are difficult to be generalized in the composite electromagnetic scattering emulation of actual electrical large scale uneven surface and complex target.Mixed method can be in conjunction with the advantage of the high-level efficiency of approximation method and numerical method accuracy, when conventional hybrid method is carried out emulation to the composite electromagnetic scattering of uneven surface and target, often adopt plane wave as incident source, can form artificial reflection at time-limited uneven surface two ends like this, affect the accuracy of result, and conventional hybrid method still can not meet engineering application requirements completely for the simulation efficiency of TV university size uneven surface and complex target composite electromagnetic scattering.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency for above-mentioned prior art, propose a kind of Electromagnetic Simulation method of mixing with physical optics based on Parallel MoM, guaranteeing, under the prerequisite of computational solution precision, to reduce unknown quantity number and computing time, reduce the memory requirements of emulation, improve simulation efficiency.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention, comprises the steps:
(1) power spectral density function and the uneven surface parameter of input uneven surface, obtains the position coordinates of N × M sampled point on uneven surface by Monte Carlo method:
r
-n+1,
-m+1=(x
-n+1,y
-m+1,z
-n+1,
-m+1)，...,
r
0,
0=(x
0,y
0z
0,
0)，...，r
n,
m=(x
n,y
m?z
n,
m)，
Wherein n=N2, m=M2, N represents x direction hits, and M represents y direction hits, and subscript represents the sequence number of uneven surface up-sampling point;
(2) adopt triangular facet tuple subdivision uneven surface, obtain the tri patch of series of discrete;
(3) utilize 3dsMax software to carry out Geometric Modeling to radar target, and export the radar target model after subdivision;
(4) with uneven surface and radar target composition composite model, and the uneven surface in this composite model is divided into physical optics region, the radar target in this composite model is divided into Parallel MoM region;
(5) according to the coupling between two regions, calculate the surface induction electric current of composite model, basic step is as follows:
5.1) irradiate composite model with conical wave, and the initial induction current of establishing radar target surface is zero, uneven surface is encouraged by conical wave only, approximate according to physical optics, obtains the surface induction electric current of uneven surface
5.2) use uneven surface induction current
the scattered field exciting encourages radar target together with conical wave, according to boundary condition, sets up the improved Electric Field Integral Equation on radar target surface, obtains the surface induction electric current of radar target
5.3) with radar target surface induction electric current
the scattered field exciting encourages uneven surface together with conical wave, approximate according to physical optics, obtains the surface induction electric current of uneven surface
5.4) repeating step 5.2) and step 5.3) iterative process, until
when <err, the surface induction electric current of whole composite model reaches stable, and iterative process stops, and obtains the final induction current in surface of composite model, and wherein i+1 is iterative steps, and err is the iteration error of setting;
(6) according to the induction current of radar target and uneven surface and Huygens' principle, calculate the far field scattered field of composite model, finally obtain the RCS of composite model.
Compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages in the present invention:
1) the present invention adopts conical wave E
ias the irradiation wave source of radar, avoid the artificial reflection of uneven surface sample area edge, improve the accuracy of this emulation mode;
2) the present invention, due to TV university size uneven surface is adopted to physical optics approximate treatment, has greatly improved counting yield, has reduced memory requirements, and the target with labyrinth is calculated with Parallel MoM, has guaranteed the accuracy of result of calculation;
3) the present invention has adopted parallel computing calculating conductor target surface induction current, has reduced the time of calculating, the electric size of having expanded calculating object, is applicable to solving of TV university size uneven surface and complex target composite electromagnetic scattering problem.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is realization flow figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is uneven surface and the spheroid target combination scattering model instance figure that the present invention sets up;
Fig. 3 is the uneven surface set up of the present invention and section and the parameter schematic diagram of spheroid target combination scattering model;
Fig. 4 is the composite radar by the present invention and existing multilevel fast multipole algorithm emulation uneven surface and spheroid target
Scattering cross-section comparison diagram;
Fig. 5 is with the different wind speed Rough Sea Surfaces of emulation of the present invention and the composite radar scattering cross-section figure of spheroid target;
Fig. 6 is with the different wind territory Rough Sea Surfaces of emulation of the present invention and the composite radar scattering cross-section figure of spheroid target;
Fig. 7 is different size target and the Rough Sea Surfaces composite radar scattering cross-section figure with emulation of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is diverse location target and the Rough Sea Surfaces composite radar scattering cross-section figure with emulation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention and effect are described in further detail.
With reference to Fig. 1, performing step of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1: generate the required combination scattering model of emulation.
(1.1) obtain by experiment uneven surface parameter and the power spectral density function S (k) thereof on emulation ground or the sea of wanting, for example: be S (k)=2 π δ exp (k for ground power spectral density function
2/ δ
2)/l
2, be S (k)=δ for sea power spectral density function
2l/[π (1+k
2l
2)], k is space wave number, and l is persistence length, and δ is root-mean-square height;
(1.2) produce N random number that meets Gaussian distribution, N is greater than 0 even number;
(1.3) frequency f of input incident wave, establishes sampling interval △ x=3.0 × 10
8/ (10f), get N discrete sampling point x
-N/
2+1..., x
-1, x
0, x
1..., x
n/
2, make x
0=0, x
-N/
2+1=(N/2+1). △ x, x
-1=-△ x, x
1=△ x ..., x
n/
2=N/2. △ x;
(1.4) according to the uneven surface parameter and the power spectral density function S (k) that obtain, the random number respectively step (1.2) being produced in various discrete sample point is revised, and obtains respectively N revised random number at various discrete point place;
(1.5) horizontal ordinate using N the discrete sampling point producing in step (1.3) as uneven surface, superposes various discrete sample point N revised random number respectively, obtains the ordinate z that each sampled point is corresponding
-N/
2+1..., z
-1, z
0, z
1..., z
n/
2, the uneven surface of the generation emulation of wanting;
(1.6) utilize 3ds Max software to carry out Geometric Modeling to radar target, by triangle bin subdivision for radar target model, derive the radar target after subdivision;
(1.7) by the radar target composition combination scattering model of deriving in the uneven surface in step (1.5) and step (1.6), as shown in Figure 2, and the uneven surface in combination scattering model is divided into physical optics region, the radar target in combination scattering model is divided into method of moment region.
Step 2: obtain uneven surface surface and radar target surface current.
(2.1) irradiate composite model with conical wave, the electric field of conical wave
and magnetic field
be expressed as follows respectively:
Wherein,
the sampled point on composite model surface,
j is complex unit,
for space wave number,
it is the unit vector of space wave number;
η is composite model space outerpace wave impedance,
μ
afor the relative magnetic specific inductive capacity of composite model space outerpace, ε
afor the relatively electric specific inductive capacity of composite model space outerpace, g is the conical wave factor, θ
ifor conical wave incident angle,
for conical wave incident orientation angle;
(2.2) establish the initial induction current in radar target surface
be zero, uneven surface is encouraged by conical wave only, approximate according to physical optics, obtains uneven surface surface induction electric current
Wherein,
for the unit normal vector on uneven surface surface,
for the sampled point on uneven surface surface,
the magnetic field of the scattered field that expression radar target surface induction electric current excites:
In formula
represent radar target surface sample point coordinate to ask curl, S
pMOMfor radar target induction current integral area,
green function in three dimensions:
for the position of putting on composite model,
for the position of far zone field point;
(2.3) with uneven surface surface induction electric current
the scattered field exciting and conical wave E
iencourage together radar target, again calculate the surface induction electric current of radar target according to boundary condition
(2.4) repeating step (2.2)-(2.3), until
<err, whole region induction current tends towards stability, and iterative process stops, and obtains the final induction current in surface of composite model, and wherein i is iterative steps, and err is the iteration error of setting.
Step 3: the far field scattered field and the RCS that obtain composite model.
(3.1) calculate radar target surface induction electric current
far field scattered field:
Wherein, k is space wave number, and η is space wave impedance,
for unit dyad,
for dyad,
for far zone field
The unit vector of point, r is the distance of far zone field point from true origin,
for the position of putting on radar target,
S
pMOMfor radar target surface induction current integration area;
(3.2) calculate uneven surface surface induction electric current
far field scattered field:
Wherein,
for the position of uneven surface surface point, S
pOfor radar target surface induction current integration area;
(3.3), according to the result of step (3.1) and step (3.2), calculate the far field scattered field of composite model
(3.4) by the far field scattered field of composite model
transform to cylindrical coordinate by rectangular coordinate system, obtain cylindrical coordinate θ direction coordinate components
with
direction coordinate components
and then the RCS that obtains composite model is:
Wherein,
for the electric field of conical wave, r is the distance of far zone field point from true origin.
Effect of the present invention can further illustrate by following test examples:
1. test simulation condition
The radar incident frequency f=300MHz using in emulation experiment, incident wave wavelength X=1.0m, conical wave factor g=25.6, uneven surface is selected the Random ocean-like rough surfaces based on JONSWAP spectrum, its power spectral density function
Wherein zero dimension constant
nondimensional fetch
its span is 10
-1～10
5, x Wei Feng district, U
10for the wind speed of 10m At The Height, gc=9.81m/s
2, angular frequency=2pf, peak frequency
γ is the peak rising factor, and observed reading is 1.5 6, and mean value is 3.3; σ is peak shape parameter, ω≤ω
0time σ=0.07, ω > ω
0time
wind direction
direction of observation θ=30.Due to the randomness of uneven surface profile, thereby the mean value of getting 30 samples obtains stable monostatic radar scattering parameter.
2. test simulation example and interpretation of result
Emulation experiment 1:
Incident wave frequency f=300MHz, incidence angle θ
i=0, incident orientation angle
region, sea S=25.6m*25.6m, sea wind speed U=2m/s, wind district x=5km.Under the condition that is 128*128 at sea sampling number, generate 100 sea samples, after these 100 sea samples are averaged, obtained the needed sea of this emulation experiment.Fig. 3 has provided this sea and sphere centre coordinate is (0,0,6), the composite model of the conducting sphere of r=2m.
The RCS of composite model in Fig. 3 is calculated by the inventive method, and the RCS of the composite model calculating with the quick multistage submethod MLFMM of existing multilayer contrasts, its result is as Fig. 4.
As can be seen from Figure 4, the RCS figure of the composite model that the quick multistage submethod of the RCS figure of the composite model that the inventive method is calculated and multilayer calculates is basically identical in whole scattering region, thereby has proved the accuracy of the RCS of the inventive method calculating composite model.
The time and the memory source that during by the RCS of composite model in the inventive method calculating chart 3, consume, and the time and the memory source that consume while calculating the RCS of composite model with the quick multistage submethod of existing multilayer contrast, its result table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the memory source simultaneously consuming also reduces to some extent far less than the quick multistage submethod of existing multilayer the time that the inventive method consumes while calculating the RCS of composite model.
Emulation experiment 2, according to Fig. 3 model, carries out emulation to the RCS of different size target and Rough Sea Surfaces composite model with the present invention, and result is as Fig. 5.
As can be seen from Figure 5, the inventive method can be calculated the RCS of different size target and Rough Sea Surfaces composite model.
Emulation experiment 3, according to Fig. 3 model, carries out emulation to the RCS of different Rough Sea Surfaces and target composite model with the present invention, and result is as Fig. 6.
As can be seen from Figure 6, the present invention can calculate the RCS of different Rough Sea Surfaces and target composite model.
Emulation experiment 4, according to Fig. 3 model, carries out emulation to the RCS figure cross section of different size target and Rough Sea Surfaces composite model with the present invention, and result is as Fig. 7.
As can be seen from Figure 7, the inventive method can be calculated the RCS of different size target and Rough Sea Surfaces composite model.
Emulation experiment 5, according to Fig. 3 model, carries out emulation to the RCS of diverse location target and Rough Sea Surfaces composite model with the present invention, and result is as Fig. 8.
As can be seen from Figure 8, the present invention can calculate the RCS of diverse location target and Rough Sea Surfaces composite model.
Claims (6)
1. an electromagnetic scattering emulation mode of mixing with physical optics based on Parallel MoM, comprises the steps:
(1) power spectral density function and the uneven surface parameter of input uneven surface, obtains the position coordinates of N × M sampled point on uneven surface by Monte Carlo method:
r
-n+1,
-m+1=(x
-n+1,y
-m+1,z
-n+1,
-m+1)，...，
r
0,
0=(x
0,y
0z
0,
0)，...，r
n,
m=(x
n,y
m?z
n,
m)，
Wherein n=N2, m=M2, N represents x direction hits, and M represents y direction hits, and subscript represents the sequence number of uneven surface up-sampling point;
(2) adopt triangular facet tuple subdivision uneven surface, obtain the tri patch of series of discrete;
(3) utilize 3dsMax software to carry out Geometric Modeling to radar target, and export the radar target after subdivision;
(4) with uneven surface and radar target composition composite model, and the uneven surface in composite model is divided into physical optics region, radar target is divided into Parallel MoM region;
(5) according to the coupling between two regions, calculate the surface induction electric current of composite model, basic step is as follows:
5.1) irradiate composite model with conical wave, the initial induction current of establishing radar target surface is zero, and uneven surface is encouraged by conical wave only, the approximate and boundary condition according to physical optics, the surface induction electric current of acquisition uneven surface
5.2) use uneven surface induction current
the scattered field exciting encourages radar target together with conical wave, sets up the improved Electric Field Integral Equation on radar target surface according to boundary condition, obtains the surface induction electric current of radar target
5.3) with radar target surface induction electric current
the scattered field exciting encourages uneven surface together with conical wave, the approximate and boundary condition according to physical optics, the surface induction electric current of acquisition uneven surface
5.4) repeating step 5.2) and step 5.3) iterative process, until
when <err, the surface induction electric current of whole composite model reaches stable, and iterative process stops, and obtains the final induction current in surface of composite model, wherein i, and i+1 is iterative steps, err is the iteration error of setting;
(6) according to the induction current of radar target and uneven surface and Huygens' principle, calculate the far field scattered field of composite model, finally obtain the RCS of composite model.
2. electromagnetic scattering emulation mode of mixing with physical optics based on Parallel MoM according to claim 1, step (1) described according to ground or sea parameter and power spectral density function, by Monte-carlo Simulation uneven surface, concrete steps are as follows:
(1a) obtain by experiment parameter and the power spectral density function on emulation rough earth or the sea of wanting, and choose independently Gauss's harmonic wave of a series of amplitudes;
(1b), according to uneven surface parameter and power spectral density function, selected Gauss's harmonic wave is carried out to Modulation and Amplitude Modulation, then the Gauss's harmonic wave after modulation is carried out to the uneven surface of Fourier transform generation emulation.
3. electromagnetic scattering emulation mode of mixing with physical optics based on Parallel MoM according to claim 1, step (2) adopts triangular facet tuple subdivision uneven surface, obtain the triangle bin of series of discrete, on uneven surface, search for along x direction, mutual three adjacent sampled points on uneven surface are connected into a tri patch, each dough sheet is pressed to line number, sequence number, summit, normal vector and the seamed edge information of output dough sheet.
4. electromagnetic scattering emulation mode of mixing with physical optics based on Parallel MoM according to claim 1, step 5.1) the described approximate and boundary condition according to physical optics, obtain uneven surface surface induction electric current
carry out as follows:
(5.1a) irradiate composite model with conical wave, the electric field of conical wave
and magnetic field
be expressed as follows respectively:
Wherein,
the sampled point on composite model surface,
j is complex unit,
for space wave number,
it is the unit vector of space wave number;
η is composite model space outerpace wave impedance,
μ
afor the relative magnetic specific inductive capacity of composite model space outerpace, ε
afor the relatively electric specific inductive capacity of composite model space outerpace; K is space wave number, and g is the conical wave factor, θ
ifor conical wave incident angle,
for conical wave incident orientation angle;
(5.1b) establish the initial induction current in radar target surface
be zero, uneven surface is encouraged by conical wave only, and according to physical optics, approximate and boundary condition, obtains uneven surface surface induction electric current
Wherein,
for the unit normal vector on uneven surface surface,
for the sampled point on uneven surface surface,
the magnetic field of the scattered field that expression radar target surface induction electric current excites:
Wherein,
represent radar target surface sample point coordinate to ask curl,
for the surface induction electric current of radar target, S
pMOMfor radar target induction current integral area.
Wherein,
for the position of putting on composite model,
for the position of far zone field point.
5. electromagnetic scattering emulation mode of mixing with physical optics based on Parallel MoM according to claim 1, wherein step 5.2) the described improved Electric Field Integral Equation of setting up radar target surface according to boundary condition, obtain the surface induction electric current of radar target
carry out as follows:
(5.2a) set up the improved Electric Field Integral Equation on radar target surface according to boundary condition:
Wherein,
for the electric field of conical wave, S
pOfor uneven surface induction current integral area, subscript tan represents the tangential direction of electric field on radar target surface,
for uneven surface surface induction electric current
the electric field of the scattered field exciting at radar target:
Wherein,
represent uneven surface surface sample point coordinate to differentiate;
(5.2b) select one group of complete RWG basis function, by the surface current of radar target
launch:
In formula
for RWG basis function, β
kfor expansion coefficient;
(5.2c) by the surface current of the radar target after launching
radar target surface field integral equation in substitution (5.2a):
(5.2d) select one group of weight function
and do inner product with (5.2c) middle improved Electric Field Integral Equation and carry out inspection by sampling, obtain discrete system of linear equations, adopt parallel method of conjugate gradient to solve system of linear equations, obtain radar target surface induction electric current
expansion coefficient β
k, finally obtain the surface induction electric current of radar target
6. electromagnetic scattering emulation mode of mixing with physical optics based on Parallel MoM according to claim 1, in wherein said step (6), calculate the far field scattered field of composite model, obtain the RCS of composite model, carry out as follows:
(6.1) calculate radar target surface induction electric current
far field scattered field:
In formula, k is wave number, and I is unit dyad,
for dyad,
for far zone field point unit vector, r is the distance of far zone field point from true origin;
(6.2) calculate uneven surface surface induction electric current
far field scattered field:
(6.3), according to the result of step (6.1) and step (6.2), calculate the far field scattered field of composite model
(6.4) by the far field scattered field of composite model
transform to cylindrical coordinate by rectangular coordinate system, obtain cylindrical coordinate θ durection component
with
durection component
and then the RCS that obtains composite model is:
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