CN103868993B - The acoustics method of discrimination of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point and device - Google Patents
The acoustics method of discrimination of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103868993B CN103868993B CN201410115973.XA CN201410115973A CN103868993B CN 103868993 B CN103868993 B CN 103868993B CN 201410115973 A CN201410115973 A CN 201410115973A CN 103868993 B CN103868993 B CN 103868993B
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Abstract
nullThe invention discloses the acoustics method of discrimination of a kind of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point and device，On three axocoel indoor、Lower two ends are separately installed with、Lower rigid pressure head，It is characterized in that: on、Seal respectively in lower rigid pressure head and be fixedly mounted with AE acoustic emission probe and sonic probe coupling test device，And bear the high oil pressure that three axocoels are indoor，Access AE acquisition system and sonic apparatus，In the axially loaded process of rock，Simultaneously complete rock microcracks dynamic expansion until acoustic emission test and acoustic velocity in the overall processes such as yield failure are tested，And by AE acquisition system and the sonic apparatus output experiment information data such as rock failure process acoustic emission and sound wave，According to the extension of micro-crack in Rock Matrix and near yield point characteristics of Acoustic Emission Changing Pattern and acoustic velocity variation characteristic combine judgement yield point，Computer controls to stop the loading of this rank axial compressive force，The axial compression carrying out next rank confined pressure loads，The multistage yield point being sequentially completed rock list sample test specimen differentiates test.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock mechanics field, relate to rock failure process and Mechanism Study technology and brittle rock list sample triaxial test technology, concretely relate to acoustics method of discrimination and the device of a kind of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point.
Background technology
Along with Chinese society rapid development of economy, the large-scale development of water resource, the rise expanded rapidly with Nuclear Power Industry of railway traffic, the large-scale engineering relevant to rock mass is increasing, and these engineerings also present the feature of extensive great burying.Rock mechanics indepth and engineering research face high-ground stress, the rock mechanics and engineering problem of the series of challenges such as the rapid construction of structural safety, rock burst and long tunnel that high external water pressure causes.Therefore, the research of rock stratum, deep rock mass damage Micromechanics mechanism and mechanical characteristic becomes focus.
Indoor rock ordinary triaxial test is generally adopted the axisymmetric stress system of single confined pressure, namely first rock sample is applied lateral pressure and reaches a certain steady state value (σ2=σ3), then increase axial compressive force σ1, until rock sample destroys.One rock sample can only draw a pair σ1And σ3Data, it is impossible to determine the strength envelope of rock, the parameter such as cohesive strength and the internal friction angle that can not obtain rock.Under every profession and trade specification and GB general provision rock triaxial test same moisture content, rock sample must not less than 5.Owing to being difficult to get enough rock samples in some engineerings and test specimen self has certain discreteness, test there will be test data is not enough and comparatively discrete phenomena, process to test and data and bring inconvenience.
Thus, monolithic sample triaxial (test) method arises at the historic moment, monolithic sample triaxial test namely first determine confined pressure load grade, such as σ3=c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, test procedure, for first to add confined pressure to the 1st grade of confined pressure c1, then adds axial compression to breakdown point (yield point)；Now, keeping axial compression constant, confined pressure is loaded into the 2nd grade of confined pressure value on the basis of the 1st grade of confined pressure, now keeps confined pressure constant, then is gradually increased axial compression until the 2nd grade is destroyed (surrender), by that analogy.But for a long time, owing to rock is fragile material, in the method, what value every grade of axial compression adds to, and how this grade of breakdown point differentiates, governs the method application in rock triaxial test and popularization, it is also difficult to approved by geotechnical engineer always.
Therefore, in monolithic sample triaxial test, being difficult to obtain rock judgement of yield point in multistage three axle loading procedures by trial curve or other means, this is one of problem being presently required solution always.
In view of above difficult point, it is possible to use for reference the change of test specimen acoustic velocity in rock test process and judge the yield failure point of every grade in single sample method.Sonic test is adopted to evaluate stable and lax, damage range and the degree of rock mass at present, namely utilize manual method that measured medium is applied dynamic load, as the excitaton source exciting elastic wave, so as to propagate in media as well, then pass through amount of analysis measurement equipment and receive the information of acoustic wave transmitted, such as velocity of wave, amplitude, frequency, sound spectrum, waveform etc..Sonic detection is widely used in all kinds of engineering construction, such as detect underground cavern, the stablizing of roadway surrounding rock, evaluate quality and the classification of rock mass, mineral deposit, ore pillar stability monitoring, the validity check that foundation and slope reinforcement process, and karst and crystal cave, soft stratum or interlayer, fault belt, weathered layer detection etc..But, this method is affected by factors such as the structure of rock sample itself and integrity, simple adopts the method to be sometimes prone to be judged by accident.
Additionally, one Testing index of the sonic test stability as evaluation engineering rock mass and damage range and degree, there are individually complete detection program and method of testing, in the prior art, simple adopt sonic test more difficult comprehensively qualitative, quantitatively to Rock Fracture Processes carries out real-time monitored and sign, have obvious limitation.Meanwhile, the micro-crack in rock, concrete material, in generation, extension, folding and through process, can produce acoustic emission.Owing to micro-crack is difficult to directly observation, acoustic emission method has just become the powerful of micro-crack dynamic changing process in study of rocks, concrete stress deformation process.Acoustic emission testing technology is the attenuation change situation the utilizing acoustic emission degree of impairment to evaluate in rock, the information that acoustic emission provides relatively horn of plenty, as: accumulative transmitting number N, acoustic emission rate AER, acoustic emission wave amplitude A, acoustic emission energy E harmony T launch time.
When heavily stressed triaxial test, rock is placed in the chamber of high oil pressure by rubber sleeve, and the acoustic velocity test of rock sample and acoustic emission test become increasingly difficult.Therefore, require over the acoustic means method of discrimination such as acoustic velocity test and acoustic emission test, obtain in the AE acoustic emission in the comparatively comprehensive reflection whole destructive process of rock the parameters such as AE acoustic emission number, energy and amplitude, thus obtaining rock judgement of yield point in multistage three axle loading procedures, this is the problem being presently required solution.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, the acoustics method of discrimination of a kind of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point is provided, by coupling acoustic emission AE and the AE acoustic emission number in acoustic velocity joint test acoustic velocity change procedure and the whole destructive process of rock, the acoustic velocity variation characteristic of the parameter such as energy and amplitude and rock characteristic intensity critical adnexa, comparatively comprehensively rock microcracks dynamically can be changed carry out qualitative, observe quantitatively and characterize, such that it is able to a resistance to spalling of rock is analyzed on qualitative, quantitative ground, the characteristic strength values such as damage strength, accurately differentiate the yield point of rock in process of the test, thus ensureing that axial compression loads the other confined pressure of next stage.
It is a further object to provide the acoustics discriminating gear of a kind of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point, under solution high confining pressure, acoustic emission AE probe couples with sonic probe and is sealingly disposed in upper push-down head, in high oil pressure being born and being placed in three axocoel rooms of full high confining pressure, lossless AE signal can be collected, show generation position and the extensions path of secondary micro-crack in rock failure mechanism of rock process intuitively, accurately differentiate the yield point of rock in process of the test, thus ensureing that axial compression loads the other confined pressure of next stage, add the success rate of test.
nullThis invention address that its technical problem by the following technical solutions: acoustics method of discrimination three axocoel of a kind of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point is indoor，Rock sample test piece is placed on、Between lower two rigid pressure heads，By upper、Seal respectively in lower rigid pressure head and be fixedly mounted with AE acoustic emission probe and sonic probe coupling test device，And bear the high oil pressure that three axocoels are indoor，Access AE acquisition system and sonic apparatus，In the axially loaded process of rock，Simultaneously complete rock microcracks dynamic expansion until acoustic emission test and acoustic velocity in the overall processes such as yield failure are tested，And by AE acquisition system and the sonic apparatus output experiment information data such as rock failure process acoustic emission and sound wave，According to the extension of micro-crack in Rock Matrix and near yield point characteristics of Acoustic Emission Changing Pattern and acoustic velocity variation characteristic combine judgement yield point，Computer controls to stop the loading of this rank axial compressive force，The axial compression carrying out next rank confined pressure loads，The multistage yield point being sequentially completed rock list sample test specimen differentiates test.
A kind of acoustics discriminating gear of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point, on three axocoel indoor, lower two ends are separately installed with rigid pressure head and lower rigid pressure head, upper rigid pressure head is provided with platen, upper platen is fixed on upper rigid pressure head by latch, force-transmitting pole is arranged on platen, lower rigid pressure head is arranged on the integrated chassis of data wire, it is characterized in that: on, seal respectively in lower rigid pressure head and be fixed with AE acoustic emission probe and sonic probe, upper rigid pressure head and lower rigid pressure head side are respectively embedded into has at least two wedge-type seal joints, the integrated chassis of data wire is provided with interior connection road slot, data wire arranges external connection slot in integrated chassis, interior connection road slot connects with external connection slot cable, rock sample test piece is placed on, between lower two rigid pressure heads.
Described AE acoustic emission probe is connected to signal internal wiring, and signal internal wiring accesses wedge-type seal joint and picks out signal external connection, and accesses interior connection road slot, accesses AE acquisition system again through external connection slot, and AE acquisition system accesses computer.
Described sonic probe is connected to acoustic signals internal wiring, and acoustic signals internal wiring accesses wedge-type seal joint and picks out acoustic signals external connection, and accesses interior connection road slot, accesses sonic apparatus again through external connection slot, and sonic apparatus accesses computer.
Interior connection road slot and external connection slot that the integrated chassis of described data wire is arranged are respectively provided with at least four, and each interior connection road slot connects with corresponding external connection slot respectively.
The present invention compared with prior art also has following major advantage:
1, in triaxial test rigid pressure head of the present invention, acoustic apparatus is set, by upper, seal respectively in lower two rigid pressure heads and sound wave is set, acoustic emission probe coupling device, rock failure process laboratory observation rock microcracks is dynamically changed carry out qualitative, characterize quantitatively, sonic test can be simultaneously completed, acoustic emission test, comparatively comprehensively to rock failure process experiment information data, information of acoustic wave is velocity of wave such as, amplitude, frequency, sound spectrum, waveform etc., and acoustic emission information is as launched number, acoustic emission rate, acoustic emission wave amplitude, acoustic emission energy, the acoustic emission time etc., by mating AE monitoring and location, velocity of wave speed change comparative study rock deformation and failure and intensity evolution mechanism, stability to engineering rock mass, damage range and degree have accurate judgement.
null2、The present invention adopts choosing of monolithic three method of principal axes Loading Control mode to have deep meaning for rock brittleness characteristic，But without loading 2 in triaxial test、3 grades just as rock brittleness characteristic and occur that formula out of control is destroyed and made test all that has been achieved is spoiled，It is difficult to accomplish the determination of yield point，Although adopting axial strain and hoop strain to control triaxial test can increase the success rate of monolithic sample triaxial test，But this kind of method has uncontrollability，It can not shift to an earlier date anticipation yield point，And adopt sound wave of the present invention、Acoustic emission probe coupling device，By obtaining rock failure process experiment information data，Breakdown point can be namely can determine whether slightly before in breakdown point moment of arriving，Man-machine interaction mode now can be adopted to stop the loading of this rank axial compressive force immediately，Thus ensureing that axial compression loads the other confined pressure of next stage，Thus considerably increase the success rate of test.
3, the acoustic apparatus that in rock monolithic sample triaxial test of the present invention, multistage yield point differentiates, AE acoustic emission probe is adopted to be sealingly disposed in the chamber of triaxial chamber in rigid pressure head, yield point can be judged by gathering characteristics of Acoustic Emission Changing Pattern near the extension of micro-crack in Rock Matrix after rock stress and yield point, therefore the aggregate-value of AE energy and acoustic emission number or signals collecting rate can be determined well breakdown point and the yield point of rock in process of the test, especially when field investigation and sampling difficulty or the complete homogeneity of test specimen are difficult to reach, configuration sound wave, acoustic emission probe test coupling device, the superiority of monolithic test specimen triaxial test method more can embody, therefore there is stronger engineer applied be worth.
4, the present invention adopts the method for testing that sonic probe and acoustic emission AE probe are coupled, can pass through to catch the destructive process of the acoustic emission signal reflection rock in test block destructive process, show generation position and the extensions path of secondary micro-crack in rock failure mechanism of rock process intuitively, by rock failure mechanism of rock overall process Experimental on acoustic emission, can reveal that contacting between rock fracture expansion process and sound emission signal characteristic, judge that rock is in certain stage of destructive process according to sound emission signal characteristic, and obtain precursor information and the INSTABILITY CRITERION of the rock failure mechanism of rock；Meanwhile, test the rock sample acoustic velocity variation characteristic through test specimen total length under stands under load at different levels by the sonic probe at test specimen pressure head two ends, namely in every grade of test, the omen judging point of the relative bust point of acoustic velocity namely the rock failure mechanism of rock.Single in rigid pressure head arranging transmitting AE probe or sonic probe if simple, the AE signal of collection or the acoustic velocity recorded by sonic probe can not comprehensive and accurate reflection destructive characteristics points.Therefore, pop one's head in and sonic probe coupled inferring device by being built in the AE of upper push-down head, solve the related key technical problem in monolithic test specimen triaxial test, especially to the objective obtaining value method difficult problem of Engineering Rock Mechanics parameter solved under specific condition.
5, the acoustics discriminating gear of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point of the present invention, when heavily stressed triaxial test, rock is placed in the chamber of high oil pressure by rubber sleeve, effectively solve in the chamber of high oil pressure, the acoustic velocity test of rock sample and acoustic emission test, acoustic emission being sealed with sonic probe is packed in rigid pressure head, for atmospheric pressure state, and by being at least respectively embedded into two wedge-type seal joints in rigid pressure head side, make three axocoel indoor confined pressure effect wedge shape seal nipples and be pressed on rigid pressure head, confined pressure is more high, seal more tight, reinforce rigid pressure head more airtight, the effectively test instrunment in protection rigid pressure head, realize common test acoustic emission and acoustic signals in real time, probe test signal logical can effectively and information lossless ground export.
6, the acoustics discriminating gear of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point of the present invention, by being provided with interior connection road slot in three axle cavity bottom, internally bear high pressure, data wire is provided with external connection slot in integrated chassis, acoustic emission probe picks out holding wire, connect road slot in accessing, access external connection slot again through cable, and access AE data collecting system and computer；And sonic probe picks out holding wire, road slot is connected in accessing, external connection slot is accessed again through cable, and access sonic apparatus and computer, simultaneously complete acoustic emission and the experiment of sound wave coupling measurement rock failure process, and record microfissure acoustic emission number in brittle rock test specimen, velocity of wave overall process evolution Feature and rule under different stress paths.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The acoustics discriminating gear structural representation of Fig. 1 rock three of the present invention axle list sample fado level yield point.
Three axocoel rooms 1, latch 2, upper rigid pressure head 3, upper rigid pressure head 3 ', rock sample test piece 4, AE sound send out probe 5, sonic probe 6, interior connection road slot 7,8-external connection slot 8, sonic apparatus 9, AE acquisition system 10, the integrated chassis 11 of data wire, wedge-type seal joint 12, wedge-type seal joint 13, acoustic signals external connection 14, acoustic signals internal wiring 15, AE signal external connection 16, AE signal internal wiring 17, force-transmitting pole 18, platen 19, computer 20.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be further described.
nullSee Fig. 1，The acoustics discriminating gear of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point，Three axocoel rooms 1 are airtight container，High oil pressure it is full of in it，On in three axocoel rooms 1、Lower two ends are separately installed with rigid pressure head 3 and lower rigid pressure head 3 '，Rock sample test piece 4 is placed on lower rigid pressure head 3 '，Rock sample test piece 4 is placed in three axocoel rooms 1 of full high oil pressure all the time，Upper rigid pressure head 3 is pressed in rock sample test piece 4，Upper rigid pressure head 3 is provided with platen 19，Upper platen 19 is fixed on upper rigid pressure head 3 by latch 2，In maintenance, platen 19 and upper rigid pressure head 3 position are placed in the middle，Force-transmitting pole 18 is arranged on platen 19，Platen 19 is pressurizeed by force-transmitting pole 18，Pressure acts on rigid pressure head 3 and rock sample test piece below 4，Lower rigid pressure head 3 ' is arranged on the integrated chassis 11 of data wire，The integrated chassis of data wire 11 is provided with interior connection road slot 7，Interior connection road slot 7 bears the indoor high oil pressure of three axocoels，Data wire arranges external connection slot 8 in integrated chassis 11，Interior connection road slot 7 connects with cable with external connection slot 8，The outer atmospheric pressure normality of external connection slot 8 place triaxial chamber，Interior connection road slot 7 and external connection slot 8 are respectively provided with at least four，Each interior connection road slot 7 connects with corresponding external connection slot 8 respectively.
AE acoustic emission probe 5 and sonic probe 6 are packed in rigid pressure head 3 respectively, and in like manner, AE acoustic emission probe 5 and sonic probe 6 seal respectively and be packed in lower rigid pressure head 3 '.Upper and lower rigid pressure head 3,3 ' can use cast member, put into upper rigid pressure head 3 and the sealing of lower rigid pressure head 3 ' of AE acoustic emission probe 5 and sonic probe 6, upper rigid pressure head 3 and lower rigid pressure head 3 ' are interior for atmospheric pressure state, upper rigid pressure head 3 and lower rigid pressure head 3 ' are in high oil pressure, upper rigid pressure head 3 and lower rigid pressure head 3 ' side have been respectively embedded into wedge-type seal joint 12,13, wedge-type seal joint is at least provided with two, and wedge-type seal joint 12,13 picks out end and bears high oil pressure in three axocoel rooms 1.
AE acoustic emission probe 5 is connected to signal internal wiring 17, signal internal wiring 17 accesses wedge-type seal joint 12 and picks out signal external connection 16, and in accessing, connect road slot 7, AE acquisition system 10 is accessed again through external connection slot 8, acoustic emission signal is exported AE acquisition system 10 by AE acoustic emission probe 5 by signal internal wiring 17, wedge-type seal joint 12, signal external connection 16 and interior connection road slot 7, external connection slot 8, and is input to computer 20.
Sonic probe 6 is connected to acoustic signals internal wiring 15, acoustic signals internal wiring 15 accesses wedge-type seal joint 13 and picks out acoustic signals external connection 14, and in accessing, connect road slot 7, sonic apparatus 9 is accessed again through external connection slot 8, acoustic signals is exported sonic apparatus 9 by sonic probe 6 by acoustic signals internal wiring 15, wedge-type seal joint 13, acoustic signals external connection 14 and interior connection road slot 7, external connection slot 8, and is input to computer 20.
The acoustics of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point differentiates, three axocoels are indoor, rock sample test piece is placed on, between lower two rigid pressure heads, by upper, seal respectively in lower rigid pressure head and be fixed with AE acoustic emission probe and sonic probe, AE acoustic emission probe and sound wave probe signal line are respectively connected to sonic apparatus and AE acquisition system, in rock axial compressive force loading procedure, simultaneously complete the sonic test that rock microcracks dynamically changes, acoustic emission test, output rock failure process sound wave, acoustic emission experiment information data, in monitoring Rock Matrix, near the extension of micro-crack and yield point, characteristics of Acoustic Emission Changing Pattern judges yield point, man-machine interaction mode is adopted to stop the loading of this rank axial compressive force immediately, the axial compression carrying out next rank confined pressure loads, the multistage yield point being sequentially completed rock list sample test specimen differentiates test.
Claims (2)
- null1. the acoustics method of discrimination of a rock three axle list sample fado level yield point，It is characterized in that: three axocoels are indoor，Rock sample test piece is placed on、Between lower two rigid pressure heads，By upper、Seal respectively in lower rigid pressure head and be fixedly mounted with AE acoustic emission probe and sonic probe coupling test device，And bear the high oil pressure that three axocoels are indoor，Access AE acquisition system and sonic apparatus，In the axially loaded process of rock，Simultaneously complete rock microcracks dynamic expansion until acoustic emission test and acoustic velocity in yield failure overall process are tested，And by AE acquisition system and sonic apparatus output rock failure process acoustic emission and sound wave experiment information data，According to the extension of micro-crack in Rock Matrix and near yield point characteristics of Acoustic Emission Changing Pattern and acoustic velocity variation characteristic combine judgement yield point，Computer controls to stop the loading of this rank axial compressive force，The axial compression carrying out next rank confined pressure loads，The multistage yield point being sequentially completed rock list sample test specimen differentiates test；nullThe acoustics discriminating gear of a kind of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point that this acoustics method of discrimination adopts，On in three axocoel rooms (1)、Lower two ends are separately installed with rigid pressure head (3) and lower rigid pressure head (3 ')，Upper rigid pressure head (3) is provided with platen (19)，Upper platen (19) is fixed on upper rigid pressure head (3) by latch (2)，Force-transmitting pole (18) is arranged on platen (19)，Lower rigid pressure head (3 ') is arranged on the integrated chassis of data wire (11)，It is characterized in that: on、Lower rigid pressure head (3、3 ') seal respectively in and be fixed with AE acoustic emission probe (5) and sonic probe (6)，Upper rigid pressure head (3) and lower rigid pressure head (3 ') side are respectively embedded into and have at least two wedge-type seal joints (12、13)，The integrated chassis of data wire (11) is provided with interior connection road slot (7)，External connection slot (8) is set in the integrated chassis of data wire (11)，Interior connection road slot (7) connects with cable with external connection slot (8)，Rock sample test piece (4) is placed on、Between lower two rigid pressure heads (3)；Described AE acoustic emission probe (5) is connected to signal internal wiring (17), signal internal wiring (17) accesses wedge-type seal joint (12) and picks out signal external connection (16), and in accessing, connect road slot (7), accessing AE acquisition system (10) again through external connection slot (8), AE acquisition system (10) accesses computer (20)；Described sonic probe (6) is connected to acoustic signals internal wiring (15), acoustic signals internal wiring (15) accesses wedge-type seal joint (13) and picks out acoustic signals external connection (14), and in accessing, connect road slot (7), accessing sonic apparatus (9) again through external connection slot (8), sonic apparatus (9) accesses computer (20).
- 2. the acoustics method of discrimination of a kind of rock three axle list sample fado level yield point according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: interior connection road slot (7) and external connection slot (8) that the integrated chassis of described data wire (11) is arranged are respectively provided with at least four, each interior connection road slot (7) connects with corresponding external connection slot (8) respectively.
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