CN103868883B - A kind of screening technique reflecting the rear early stage stiff change indicator of chicken government official - Google Patents
A kind of screening technique reflecting the rear early stage stiff change indicator of chicken government official Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of screening technique that chicken kills rear early stage stiff change indicator that reflects, government official's early stage chicken near infrared spectrum data afterwards that the method is collected by Brooker near infrared spectrometer, through level and smooth, correct and ask first order derivative, obtain the comparatively significant wave number of spectrally difference, through principal component analysis (PCA) and variance analysis, finishing screen selects 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1the value of two wave numbers kills the near infrared spectrum index of the rear early stage stiff process of chicken as reflection, in conjunction with the harmless of near-infrared spectrum technique and quick feature, can be used for online reflection kill after the quality comparison of early stage chicken, contribute to standardization that line detects and robotization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, be specifically related to a kind of screening technique that chicken kills rear early stage stiff change indicator that reflects.
Background technology
Chicken delicious flavour, nutritious, digestibility is high, is the main meat sources of China.Chicken is early stage due to energy ezpenditure after killing, and lactic acid accumulation, pH decline can cause stiff generation.Stiff is the important stage of animal postmortem muscle Biochemical changes, and have negative effect to the food quality of meat and processing characteristics, the speed of stiff process and the size of stiff intensity directly affect the quality of later stage maturing course and meat.But due to the existence of individual difference, even if the raw material chicken slaughtered simultaneously, also the difference of stiff speed and degree can be there is, this also can affect the stiff process of the solution occurred subsequently, so the time obtaining full maturity meat is different, be therefore necessary to find the index characterizing and kill the rear early stage stiff change of chicken.
(780nm ~ 2500nm also can be recorded as 12000cm near infrared light
-1~ 4000cm
-1) there is good transport property in conventional fiber, and the features such as instrument is simple, analysis speed fast, Non-Destructive Testing, be very applicable to industrialization, streamline detects.Its principle is owing to producing when the anharmonicity of molecular vibration makes molecular vibration from ground state to high level transition, having stronger penetration capacity.The frequency multiplication that near infrared light is mainly vibrated by hydric group and sum of fundamental frequencies absorb, and wherein contain organic compound and the molecular structure information thereof of most of type.Because different organism contains different groups, different groups has different energy levels, and has significant difference to the absorbing wavelength of near infrared light, and therefore near infrared spectrum is the effective means that can reflect material interior change.So, when selecting the near infrared light sample of cline frequency, because sample is to the selective absorbing of different frequency near infrared light, can be died down in some wavelength coverage by the near infrared light after sample, this part light, by the corresponding group absorptions of organism, can determine this component concentration by detecting optical density (reflectivity, absorbance).
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the near infrared spectrum index system setting up a set of science, rear early stage chicken change is killed in reflection that is effective, standard, a kind of near infrared index screening method is provided, filter out can effectively reflect chicken kill after the near infrared index of early stage stiff change, thus provide reliable technical support for online quality grading fast.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme:
Chicken based near infrared spectrometer kills a screening technique for rear early stage stiff change indicator, it is characterized in that following steps:
1) get hen, slaughter rapidly, get cylindrical Fresh Grade Breast sample, be placed in sample cell, near infrared spectrometer acquisition parameter is set as: data record wave band is 12000cm
-1~ 4000cm
-1; Data type: Absorbtance; Resolution: 4cm
-1; Times of collection: 64; From 40min after government official, gather the sample near infrared spectrum of 40min, 60min, 100min, 140min, 180min, 220min time point;
2) spectrum collected is done smoothly, corrects, asked first order derivative process, obtain spectrum after treatment, at full wave regional, amplification is carried out to spectrogram and analyzes, find the discrepant region of tool, filter out 12000cm
-1, 8801cm
-1, 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5369cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4316cm
-1, 4276cm
-1, 4089cm
-1the index of the value that the spectrum at wave number place is selected early stage chicken change after killing as reflection;
3) to sample at the absorbance at above-mentioned each wave number place and carry out principal component analysis (PCA) writing time, by the Biplot map analysis obtained, determine 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5369cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4316cm
-1, 4276cm
-1with kill after the time all also exist or the correlativity of forward or negative sense, use the absorbance of SAS9.2 to these points to carry out variance analysis;
4) eliminate the index that difference is not remarkable and standard deviation is larger, finally determine 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4276cm
-1the near infrared spectrum index of index early stage chicken change after killing as reflection; Wherein, 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1two points kill rear stiff situation for reflecting.
Above-mentioned method of getting cylindrical Fresh Grade Breast sample is as follows: with the cylindrical sampler of diameter 4.5cm in Fresh Grade Breast thickness vertical muscle fibre direction, get the cylindrical meat sample that thickness is 1cm, remove most cock skin, fat and connective tissue.
Described sample cell is Brooker Vector22/N instrument sample pond.
Described hen is the hens of many identical strains with age in days.
To sum up, 7593cm is made
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4276cm
-1the observed reading curve over time of index, finds 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1after two government officials selected, the stress curve of the meat of near infrared process spectrum change and the rear stiff process of government official is substantially identical, can be used for reflection and kills rear stiff situation, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.Be specially: probe temperature of the present invention is at 18 DEG C, the stress tendency being published in the paper " Tracingprocessesofrigormortisandsubsequentresolutionofch ickenbreastmuscleusingatextureanalyzer " on Journaloffoodengineering the real-time monitored of Fresh Grade Breast after killing under 4 DEG C with 15 DEG C of conditions with Li Chunbao (Chun-baoLi) is identical, namely experienced by after peak value declines rapidly and be transitioned into mild state, represent that the maturity stage of meat arrives, meat now has good edible quality, the change of the edible quality of the variation diagram reflection meat that the available wave number filtered out is selected.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention: government official's early stage chicken near infrared spectrum data afterwards that the present invention is collected by Brooker near infrared spectrometer, through level and smooth, correct and ask first order derivative, obtain several wave numbers of spectrally significant difference, through principal component analysis (PCA) and variance analysis, finishing screen selects 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1the value of two wave numbers kills the near infrared spectrum index of the rear early stage stiff process of chicken as reflection, in conjunction with the harmless of near-infrared spectrum technique and quick feature, can be used for online reflection kill after the quality comparison of early stage chicken, contribute to standardization that line detects and robotization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The principal component analysis (PCA) Biplot that Fig. 1 kills rear time and screening index schemes.
Figure 27 593cm
-1corresponding value after pretreatment is schemed over time, can find out that it first raises, and keep one section relatively steadily at 60min to 140min, after 140min to peak valley, decline fast, 180min is to peak base.
Figure 37 466cm
-1corresponding value after pretreatment is schemed over time, can find out that it first raises, and keep one section relatively steadily at 60min to 140min, after 140min to peak valley, decline fast, 180min is to peak base.
Stiff situation map after Fig. 4 chicken kills
This figure is published in the paper " Tracingprocessesofrigormortisandsubsequentresolutionofch ickenbreastmuscleusingatextureanalyzer " on Journaloffoodengineering from Li Chunbao (Chun-baoLi), the stress (for reacting the stiff degree of chicken, the stiff situation after chicken government official being directly described) of the real-time monitored of Fresh Grade Breast after article have studied and kills under 4 DEG C and 15 DEG C of conditions.Can as seen from the figure, the time to peak of 15 DEG C than 4 DEG C in advance, after killing, that chicken can be caused to occur is first hardening for cadaveric rigidity process, reach maximum after deliquescing gradually, the meat of deliquescing is the meat of postmortem aging in m eat sciences meaning.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with example, the present invention is described further, but the detail of embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, does not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
1) get the northern Suzhou hen 17 that identical strain age in days is 100, slaughter rapidly, get cylindrical Fresh Grade Breast sample, be placed in Brooker Vector22/N instrument sample pond, near infrared spectrometer acquisition parameter is set as: data record wave band: 12000cm
-1~ 4000cm
-1; Data type: Absorbtance; Resolution: 4cm
-1; Times of collection: 64.From 40min after government official, gather the sample near infrared spectrum of 40min, 60min, 100min, 140min, 180min, 220min time point; The described method of getting cylindrical chicken sample be with the cylindrical sampler of diameter 4.5cm in Fresh Grade Breast thickness vertical muscle fibre direction, get the cylindrical meat sample that thickness is about 1cm, remove most cock skin, fat and connective tissue.
2) spectrum collected is made to level and smooth (smooth), corrects (offsetcorrect), asked first order derivative process, obtain through pretreated spectrum, carry out amplification to spectrogram at full wave regional to analyze, find the discrepant region of tool, preliminary screening goes out 12000cm
-1, 8801cm
-1, 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5369cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4316cm
-1, 4276cm
-1, 4089cm
-1the spectrum at wave number place selects absorbance kills rear early stage chicken change index as reflection;
3) to 17 groups of samples at the absorbance at above-mentioned each wave number place and carry out principal component analysis (PCA) writing time, by the Biplot map analysis obtained, determine 12000cm
-1, 8801cm
-1, 4089cm
-1three some contributions are little, and 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5369cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4316cm
-1, 4276cm
-1with kill after the time all also exist or the correlativity of forward or negative sense, use the absorbance of SAS9.2 to these points to carry out variance analysis;
4) eliminate the index that difference is not remarkable and standard deviation is larger, filter out 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4276cm
-1index;
5) make each screening point index time history plot, find 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1after the government official of two points, near infrared process spectrum change is substantially identical with the meat stress curve killing rear stiff process, kills rear stiff situation for reflecting.
The screening of reflection spectral absorption peak index of early stage chicken change after killing and checking detailed process:
1) the primary light spectrogram obtained smoothing (Smooth) processes;
2) figure processed is corrected (Offsetcorrect), its objective is the error that elimination baseline wander and instrumental working conditions cause;
3) first order derivative (1 is done to the spectrogram through overcorrect
stderivative), its effect is that difference small between the spectrum that obtained by different time is amplified;
4) from the figure after first order derivative process, 12000cm is filtered out
-1, 8801cm
-1, 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5369cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4316cm
-1, 4276cm
-1, 4089cm
-1the spectrum at wave number place selects absorbance kills rear early stage chicken change index as reflection;
5) to 17 groups of samples at the absorbance at above-mentioned each wave number place and carry out principal component analysis (PCA) writing time, by the Biplot map analysis obtained, determine 12000cm
-1, 8801cm
-1, 4089cm
-1three some contributions are little, and 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5369cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4316cm
-1, 4276cm
-1with kill after the time all also exist or the correlativity of forward or negative sense, as shown in table 1, use the absorbance of SAS9.2 to these points to carry out variance analysis, the results of analysis of variance is in table 1.
Table 1 the results of analysis of variance
6) from the results of analysis of variance, 5369cm
-1the otherness of this index is not remarkable, 5369cm
-1, 4316cm
-1the standard deviation of this two indices is comparatively large, can not as the unique point with universality;
7) 7593cm is made
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4276cm
-1the observed reading curve over time of index, finds 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1after the government official of two points, the meat stress curve of near infrared process spectrum change and the rear stiff process of government official is substantially identical, can be used for reflection and kills rear stiff situation.To sum up, 7593cm is filtered out
-1, 7466cm
-1index kill as reflection after the stiff near infrared spectrum index with mature condition of early stage chicken.
Therefore, the present invention have found a kind of index screening method that rear early stage chicken change is killed in reflection based on near-infrared spectrum technique, and the application of the testing index screened in method can be summarized as:
The cylindrical sampler being 4.5cm by the decline diameter of Fresh Grade Breast samples, and removes cock skin and connective tissue, puts into sample cell.By the setting parameter of near infrared spectrometer be: data record wave band: 12000cm
-1~ 4000cm
-1; Data type: Absorbtance; Resolution: 4cm
-1; Times of collection: 64.From 40min after government official, the sample near infrared spectrum of record 40min, 60min, 100min, 140min, 180min, 220min time point; The program record experimental data carried with instrument.
Afterwards smoothing to the spectrum obtained, correct and ask first order derivative process, pick out 12000cm
-1, 8801cm
-1, 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5369cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4316cm
-1, 4276cm
-1, 4089cm
-1index, these indexs have correlativity with government official the rear time, can reflect the change of early stage chicken after killing;
To the absorbance at above-mentioned each wave number place and carry out principal component analysis (PCA) writing time, by the Biplot map analysis obtained, determine 12000cm
-1, 8801cm
-1, 4089cm
-1three some contributions are little, and 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5369cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4316cm
-1, 4276cm
-1with kill after the time all also exist or the correlativity of forward or negative sense; Through variance analysis, reject the wave number that otherness is not remarkable and standard deviation is excessive, make all the other point observation values and scheme over time, filter out 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1index kill as reflection after the stiff near infrared spectrum index with mature condition of early stage chicken.
Claims (4)
1., based on a screening technique for early stage stiff change indicator after the chicken government official of near infrared spectrometer, it is characterized in that following steps:
1) get hen, slaughter rapidly, get cylindrical Fresh Grade Breast sample, be placed in sample cell, near infrared spectrometer acquisition parameter is set as: data record wave band is 12000cm
-1~ 4000cm
-1; Data type: Absorbtance; Resolution: 4cm
-1; Times of collection: 64; From 40min after government official, gather the sample near infrared spectrum of 40min, 60min, 100min, 140min, 180min, 220min time point;
2) spectrum collected is done smoothly, corrects, asked first order derivative process, obtain spectrum after treatment, at full wave regional, amplification is carried out to spectrogram and analyzes, find the discrepant region of tool, filter out 12000cm
-1, 8801cm
-1, 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5369cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4316cm
-1, 4276cm
-1, 4089cm
-1the index of the value that the spectrum at wave number place is selected early stage chicken change after killing as reflection;
3) to sample at the absorbance at above-mentioned each wave number place and carry out principal component analysis (PCA) writing time, by the Biplot map analysis obtained, determine 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5369cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4316cm
-1, 4276cm
-1with kill after the time all also exist or the correlativity of forward or negative sense, use the absorbance of SAS9.2 to these points to carry out variance analysis;
4) eliminate the index that difference is not remarkable and standard deviation is larger, finally determine 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4276cm
-1the near infrared spectrum index of index early stage chicken change after killing as reflection; Make 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1, 7205cm
-1, 5265cm
-1, 4714cm
-1, 4363cm
-1, 4276cm
-1the observed reading curve over time of index, finds 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1after two government officials selected, near infrared process spectrum change is coincide with the stress curve of the meat killing rear stiff process, 7593cm
-1, 7466cm
-1the value selected of the spectrum at two wave number places is for early stage stiff change indicator after reflecting chicken and killing.
2. the chicken based near infrared spectrometer according to claim 1 kills the screening technique of rear early stage stiff change indicator, it is characterized in that the method for getting cylindrical Fresh Grade Breast sample is as follows: with the cylindrical sampler of diameter 4.5cm in Fresh Grade Breast thickness vertical muscle fibre direction, get the cylindrical meat sample that thickness is 1cm, remove most cock skin, fat and connective tissue.
3. the chicken based near infrared spectrometer according to claim 1 kills the screening technique of rear early stage stiff change indicator, it is characterized in that described sample cell is Brooker Vector22/N instrument sample pond.
4. the chicken based near infrared spectrometer according to claim 1 kills the screening technique of rear early stage stiff change indicator, it is characterized in that described hen is the hens of many identical strains with age in days.
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| CN104655585B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2017-07-04 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of PSE meat screening technique based near infrared spectrum |
| CN107607487A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-01-19 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of Yunnan local chicken muscle freeze-dried powder crude fat content near infrared detection method |
| CN107884361A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-04-06 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of Yunnan local chicken muscle freeze-dried powder gross protein value near infrared detection method |
| CN113866122A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2021-12-31 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Method for rapidly identifying chicken varieties and application thereof |
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