CN103865491A - Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant composition for heat pump water heater - Google Patents
Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant composition for heat pump water heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN103865491A CN103865491A CN201410108481.8A CN201410108481A CN103865491A CN 103865491 A CN103865491 A CN 103865491A CN 201410108481 A CN201410108481 A CN 201410108481A CN 103865491 A CN103865491 A CN 103865491A
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Abstract
A hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant composition ensures the existing compressor technique to be applied to the field of the heat pump water heater reliably (low exhaust temperature and pressure) and high efficiently (high productability and efficiency). On one hand, the refrigerant includes an admixture of HFC-125, HFC-134a and HFC-143a. On the other hand, the refrigerant includes an admixture of HFC-125, HFC-32, HFC-134a and HFC-143a.
Description
The application is to be the divisional application that May 7, application number in 2010 are 201010225208.5, name is called the application for a patent for invention of " for the fluoroether refrigerant compositions of Teat pump boiler " applying date.
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to the composition as refrigeration agent.More precisely, the present invention relates to the fluoroether refrigerant compositions for heat pump water heater system.
Background technology
Hot water is widely used in home dwelling, commercial building, heat industrial, bathing, industrial processes etc.Gas fired-boiler and electric heater are mainly used in hot-water supply.Teat pump boiler (HPWH) is the equipment of another kind of hot-water supply.Because HPWH uses renewable energy source as thermal source, low to environmental influence, thereby use in family expenses and light industry (light commercial) application increases rapidly.
As shown in Figure 1, Teat pump boiler machine (HPWH) mainly comprises the system being made up of compressor 1, condenser 2, expansion gear (expansion device) 3 and vaporizer 4.Vaporizer can be source type or water source type.Working fluid (refrigeration agent) is introduced in HPWH system, and by using vacuum pump to circulate in this system.In condenser, between water and working fluid, there is heat exchange.
At the loop cycle of HPWH, compressor 1 is drained into hot high pressure process fluid vapor in condenser 2.In condenser 2, hot working fluid (2 ' side) is to water (2 " side) heat outputting and be condensed into liquid.After the heat of water absorption working fluid, become hot water.Then this fluid flows to expansion gear 3, and is low pressure two-phase working fluid by throttling.Above-mentioned low pressure two-phase working fluid flows into vaporizer 4, and in vaporizer 4, then absorption of fluids heat is evaporated to low-pressure steam, and then it enter into compressor 1.Working fluid is with the direction 5 HPWH system of flowing through.Water is with water flow direction 6 condenser 2 of flowing through.
Due to legionella contaminated problem, HPWH is proposed to new requirement.HPWH system need to provide the water of water temperature 60 DEG C above (ASHRAE index 12-2000) now.In some cases, because the temperature in connecting pipeline declines, said temperature need to reach 65 DEG C.The example for the technical requirements of some HPWH as follows: reliability: 110 DEG C of maximum compression machine exhaust temperatures, maximum exhaust pressure 28 bar.Performance: reduce the high-level efficiency to environmental influence, meet the production capacity accepted (capacity) of user's needs.
The working fluid that current Teat pump boiler uses comprises HCFC-22, HFC-134a, HFC-410A, HFC-407C and HFC-417A.But, the excessive temperature during due to compressor air-discharging and pressure, HCFC-22, HFC-410A and HFC-407C are not suitable for supplying the hot water of 60-65 DEG C, can only in existing Compressor Technology, apply.HFC-22 eliminates in the world, because it damages the ozone layer and because too high exhaust temperature and pressure can not provide the hot water of 60-65 DEG C.HFC-407C due to exhaust temperature and pressure all very high, the hot water of 60-65 DEG C can not be provided.HFC-410A due to exhaust temperature and pressure all very high, the hot water of 60-65 DEG C can not be provided.
HFC-134a and HFC-417A, due to existing Compressor Technology, can provide the hot water of 60-65 DEG C, but their performance is not very desirable.HFC-134a can supply the hot water of 60-65 DEG C under low exhaust temperature and pressure, need to use a large compressor but its production capacity is very little.In addition when envrionment temperature is during lower than 5 DEG C, its ability reduces greatly.HFC-417A due to exhaust temperature and pressure very safe for existing compressor (exhaust pressure exceedes 28MPa), as the refrigeration agent of Teat pump boiler unit, 60-65 DEG C of hot water can be provided, thus very welcome, but its ability and efficiency are not very desirable.
Summary of the invention
At present, have been found that novel refrigerant, it has the good performance as the working fluid in Teat pump boiler.These refrigeration agents make HPWH provide 60 to 65 DEG C of hot water in reliable and efficient mode.Refrigeration agent be based on, in the situation that being with or without HFC-32, the blend of HFC-125, HFC-134a and HFC-143a.
According to an aspect of of the present present invention, refrigeration agent comprises the blend of pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125), Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a's) and Halothane (HFC-143a).In one embodiment, this blend comprises the HFC-134a of the HFC-125 of about 8-34% weight, about 48-53% weight and the HFC-143a of about 20-45% weight.In further embodiment, the overall weight percent of three above components is 100%.In another embodiment, the refrigerant composition that the overall weight percent of above-mentioned three components is less than 100%, and in refrigerant composition, also comprised other components.In further embodiment, except above-mentioned three components, other component does not affect in fact the new feature of fundamental sum of refrigeration agent.
According to another aspect of the present invention, refrigeration agent comprises pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125), methylene fluoride (HFC-32), the blend of Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) and Halothane (HFC-143a).In one embodiment, this blend comprises the HFC-134a of the HFC-32 of the HFC-125 of about 6-18% weight, about 6-18% weight, about 66-78% weight and the HFC-143a of about 1-12% weight.In another embodiment, the overall weight percent of four above components is 100%.In another embodiment, 100% the refrigerant composition that the overall weight percent of above-mentioned four components is less than, refrigerant composition has also comprised other components.In another embodiment, except above-mentioned four components, other component is little on the new feature impact of the fundamental sum of refrigeration agent.
The present invention is the purposes of the special refrigeration agent (blend of the blend of HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a and HFC-125, HFC-32, HFC-134a and HFC-143) for the working fluid as in heat-pump hot-water apparatus, this heat-pump hot-water apparatus comprises at least compressor, vaporizer and condenser, wherein, this working fluid whole device of flowing through.
The present invention further illustrates the method for heating water, comprise and make to flow through as the refrigeration agent of working fluid that this comprises the system of compressor, vaporizer and condenser, with make current through condenser, wherein enter the working fluid transmission heat feedwater of condenser, water is heated to 60 DEG C of above temperature.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the schema of a Teat pump boiler.
Accompanying drawing 2 is exhaust pressure of the different operating fluid in embodiment 1.
Accompanying drawing 3 is exhaust temperatures of the different operating fluid in embodiment 1.
Accompanying drawing 4 is the efficiency of contrast and the different operating fluid of R22 in embodiment 2.
Accompanying drawing 5 is that the HFC-134a in embodiment 2 has very low heating production capacity.
Accompanying drawing 6 is exhaust pressure of the different operating fluid in embodiment 4.
Accompanying drawing 7 is exhaust temperatures of the different operating fluid in embodiment 4.
Accompanying drawing 8 be in embodiment 5 with the efficiency of the different operating fluid of R22 contrast.
Accompanying drawing 9 is the HFC-134a with very low heating production capacity in embodiment 5.
Embodiment
The present invention be directed to the refrigerant composition of being prepared by HFC-125, HFC-134a and the blend of HFC-143a in the situation that being with or without HFC-32.Every kind of component all has good Teat pump boiler material compatibility, because they are to be usually used in HFC-407C in refrigeration application and the main ingredient of HFC-404A.
This blend can obtain good thermodynamic property as the working fluid of for example Teat pump boiler of system.This component is as mixed in production unit in the standard in this area, and good in industrial understanding, includes but not limited to, each component is used to the under meter of calibrating.These compositions can be by adding component separately in vessel, pipe or other containers, then by mixing or using (floW) blending of flowing in this container until the blend that obtains being evenly distributed and blending.
Find that these specific blends have good performance and reliable operation.In a concrete embodiment, blend comprises the HFC-134a of the HFC-125 of about 8-34% weight, about 48-53% weight, the HFC-143a of about 20-45% weight.In another embodiment, blend comprises the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of the pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125) of about 20-30% weight, about 48-53% weight and the Halothane (HFC-143a) of about 20-30% weight.
In another embodiment, blend comprises: the Halothane (HFC-143a) of the pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125's) of about 24% weight, the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of approximately 52% weight and approximately 24% weight; Or the pentafluoride ethane of approximately 24% weight (HFC-125), the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of approximately 50% weight and the Halothane (HFC-143a) of about 26% weight; Or the pentafluoride ethane of approximately 24% weight (HFC-125), the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of approximately 48% weight and the Halothane (HFC-143a) of about 30% weight.
In another embodiment, this blend comprises the HFC-134a of the HFC-32 of the HFC-125 of about 6-18% weight, about 6-18% weight, about 66-78% weight, the HFC-143a of about 1-12% weight.In another embodiment, blend comprises the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of the methylene fluoride (HFC-32) of the pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125's) of about 8-12% weight, about 12-18% weight, about 70-75% weight and the Halothane (HFC-143a) of about 3-8% weight.
In another embodiment, this blend comprises the pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125's) of approximately 12% weight, methylene fluoride (HFC-32), the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of approximately 72% weight and the Halothane (HFC-143a) of approximately 4% weight of approximately 12% weight.
In another embodiment, the total weight percent of above-mentioned at least three kinds or four kinds components is 100%.That is to say, in current refrigerant composition without any other components.
In another embodiment, the total weight percent of above-mentioned at least three kinds or four kinds components is less than the refrigerant composition of 100% weight, has also comprised other components in this refrigerant composition.In another embodiment, except above-mentioned four components, other component is little to the basic properties influence with new of refrigeration agent.For example, other components that can add are with enhancing or provide specific function to refrigerant composition, or in some cases, reduce the cost of refrigerant composition.
Other components of adding in refrigerant composition include but not limited to lubricant, compatilizer, tensio-active agent and solvating agent.
In order to improve consistency and the solubleness of lubricant, can add compatilizer as propane, butane and pentane.This class compatilizer accounts for greatly approximately 0.5-approximately 5% weight of said composition.
In order to improve oil soluble, as disclose in the publication U.S. Patent number 6516837 being incorporated herein by reference, in current composition, can also add the combination of tensio-active agent and solubilizing agent.Conventional refrigeration lubricant as using the polyol ester (POEs) and the polyalkylene glycol (PAGs) that use in the refrigeration equipment of hydrogen fluorohydrocarbon (HFC) refrigeration agent, can use together with refrigerant composition of the present invention.
Describe in detail as shown in Figure 1 and above, the working fluid that described refrigerant composition can be used as in heat-pump hot-water apparatus (HPWH) uses, and this device comprises compressor 1, condenser 2, expansion gear 3 and vaporizer 4.
The type of compressor can be rotary type, vortex, reciprocating or screw.The type of condenser can be concentric type or soldering template (brazed-plate type).Expansion gear can be kapillary, thermo expansion valve or electric expansion valve.Vaporizer can be air source type or water source type.Working fluid is loaded in HPWH system, then uses vacuum pump to cycle through system.In condenser, there is heat exchange in working fluid and water.
In the loop cycle of HPWH, compressor 1 is discharged into hot high pressure process fluid vapor in condenser 2.Hot working fluid (2 ' side) quantity of heat given up feedwater in condenser 2 (2 " side) and be condensed into liquid.Water absorbs heat and becomes hot water from working fluid.Then liquid working fluid is low pressure two-phase working fluid by expansion gear 3 by throttling.Above-mentioned low pressure two-phase working fluid enters vaporizer 4, and this working fluid absorbs heat and is then evaporated to low-pressure steam therein, and then this low-pressure steam is inhaled in compressor 1.Working fluid is with the direction 5 HPWH system of flowing through.Water is with water flow direction 6 condenser 2 of flowing through.
Above-mentioned water is heated to more than 60 DEG C in condenser, preferably arrives at least 65 DEG C.
The present invention is described in detail in following unrestriced example.Wherein the replacement of the variation of the ratio of component of the present invention and element is apparent to those skilled in the art,, and also in the protection domain of this invention.
Embodiment
Each embodiment has demonstrated the operation of heat pump below.Too high exhaust pressure can cause the damage of the assembly of this device.The too high exhaust temperature lubricating oil of can degrading.Technical requirements to compressor is as follows:
1) maximum compression machine exhaust temperature is 110 DEG C
2) maximum exhaust pressure is 28 bar
Use these settings to carry out Performance Evaluation: 1) hot water of 65 DEG C will be provided, need the condensing temperature of 70 DEG C; 2) condensate depression of expansion gear ingress is made as 2 DEG C; 3) vaporization temperature is set as 5 DEG C (corresponding to 10 DEG C of envrionment temperatures); 4) superheating temperature at evaporator outlet place is set as 5 DEG C; 5) efficiency of compressor is assumed to be 0.65; 6) pressure drop and the heat ignored in connecting pipeline (air suction pipe and liquid line) are transmitted.Similarly, ignore the thermosteresis producing by compressor case.
Embodiment 1
The comparison of Selection and Constitute thing R134a/R125/R143a and other working fluids.
In the embodiment of a composition, the weight percent of component is as follows: HFC-134a approximately 52%, HFC-125 approximately 24%, HFC134a approximately 24%.(this embodiment called after HPWH-20.) prefix used herein " R " and prefix " HFC " can be changed mutually while describing different compositions.
In the embodiment of another composition, the weight percent of composition is as follows: HFC-134a approximately 50%, HFC-125 approximately 24%, HFC-143a approximately 26%.
In the embodiment of another composition, the weight percent of composition is as follows: HFC-134a approximately 48%, HFC-125 approximately 24%, HFC-143a approximately 30%.
It is below the each working fluid for contrasting under above-mentioned working conditions
| ASHRAE code | Composition |
| R22 | R22(100％) |
| R407C | R134a／R125／R32(52％／25％／23％) |
| R417A | R134a／R125／R600a／R600(47％／50.5％／1.6％／0.9％) |
| R134a | R134a(100％) |
| HPWH--20 | R134a/R125/R143a (approximately 52%/approximately 24%/approximately 24%) |
All calculating is all completed by NIST Refprop7.0 software.
Fig. 2 has shown the exhaust pressure of working fluids different under above-mentioned working conditions.Only has the exhaust pressure of R134a and HPWH-20 lower than 28 bar.Therefore, only have these two can meet the most important demand on pressure-bearing characteristic for existing HPWH device.The exhaust pressure of HCFC-22 and HFC-407C substantially exceeds the restriction of 28 bar.Therefore, HCFC-22 and HFC-407C definitely can not be used for providing the existing HPWH device of 65 DEG C of hot water.The exhaust pressure of R417A is just over 28 bar.
Fig. 3 has shown the exhaust temperature of working fluids different under above-mentioned working conditions.The exhaust temperature of R22 and HFC-407C has exceeded 110 DEG C.Therefore, these two can not meet the most important requirement in exhaust temperature for existing HPWH device.
Only have HPWH-20 and R134a can meet the requirement of existing HPWH system for exhaust pressure and the reliable long-time running of exhaust temperature.
The further analysis demonstration of the assessment of carrying out in embodiment 1, R134a has better efficiency (Fig. 4) than HPWH-20, but Fig. 5 shows that the heating production capacity of HFC-134a is very low.In order to make up this production capacity, manufacturers is by compressor new needs and larger heat exchanger possibly.On the whole, the performance of HPWH-20 is more superior.
The potential of blend fractionation is described in slippage (glide) conventionally.The fractionation potential that part blend is as higher in HFC-407C has, and slip greatly to 3.3 DEG C.Partly other blend slippage (as shown in the table) as lower in HFC-417A has, this is a required characteristic.HPWH-20 has even lower slippage, this means the lower potential for fractionation.
Selection and Constitute thing R125/R32/R134a/R143a and other working fluids contrast.The weight percent of each component is as follows: HFC-125 approximately 12%, HFC-32 approximately 12%, HFC-134a approximately 72%, HFC143a approximately 4%.(this embodiment is named as HPWH-25.) prefix " R " and prefix " HFC " can be changed mutually while describing different compositions.
It is below the each working fluid for contrasting under above-mentioned working conditions
| ASHRA code | Composition |
| R22 | R22(100％) |
| R407C | R134a／R125／R32(52％／25％／23％) |
| R417A | R134a／R125／R600a／R600(47％／50.5％／1.6％／0.9％) |
| R134a | R134a(100％) |
| HPWH-25 | R125/R32/R134a/R143a (approximately 12%/approximately 12%/approximately 72%/approximately 4%) |
All calculating is all completed by NIST Refprop7.0 software.
Fig. 6 has shown the exhaust pressure of different operating fluid under above-mentioned working conditions.Only has the exhaust pressure of R134a and HPWH-25 lower than 28 bar.Therefore, only have these two can meet the most important demand of existing HPWH device for pressure-bearing characteristic.The exhaust pressure of R22 and HFC-407C substantially exceeds the restriction of 28 bar.Therefore, R22 and HFC-407C definitely can not be used for providing the existing HPWH device of 65 DEG C of hot water.The exhaust pressure of HFC-417A is just over 28 bar.
Fig. 7 has shown the exhaust temperature of working fluids different under above-mentioned working conditions.The exhaust temperature of R22 and HFC-407C has exceeded 110 DEG C.Therefore, these two can not meet the most important requirement of existing HPWH device for exhaust temperature.
Only have HPWH-25 and R134a can meet the requirement of the reliable long-time running of existing HPWH system to exhaust pressure and exhaust temperature.
The further analysis demonstration of the assessment of carrying out in embodiment 4, HFC-134a has better efficiency (Fig. 8) than HPWH-25, but Fig. 9 shows that the heating production capacity of HFC-134a is very low.In order to make up this production capacity, manufacturers is by compressor new needs and possible larger heat exchanger.With the HFC-417A comparison of applying in the HPWH system of the existing 55-60 of providing DEG C hot water, the efficiency of HPWH-25 exceeds 7%, production capacity power exceeds 5%, and this causes CO
2still less release.The performance of HPWH-25 is better than HFC-417A and HFC-134a.On the whole, the performance of HPWH-25 is more superior.
Although the present invention sets forth by some typical embodiment, comprising more excellent pattern of the invention process, but those skilled in the art are easy to expect that system and technology to foregoing description much convert and arrange, and these changes still belong in the spirit and scope of claim of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. refrigerant composition, is made up of the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of the methylene fluoride (HFC-32) of the pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125) of about 6-18% weight, about 6-18% weight, about 66-78% weight and the Halothane (HFC-143a) of about 1-12% weight.
2. refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1, is made up of the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of the methylene fluoride (HFC-32) of the pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125) of about 8-12% weight, about 12-18% weight, about 70-75% weight and the Halothane (HFC-143a) of about 3-8% weight.
3. refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1, is made up of the pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125) of approximately 12% weight, methylene fluoride (HFC-32), the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of approximately 72% weight and the Halothane (HFC-143a) of approximately 4% weight of approximately 12% weight especially.
4. refrigerant composition, comprises the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of the methylene fluoride (HFC-32) of the pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125) of about 6-18% weight, about 6-18% weight, about 66-78% weight and the Halothane (HFC-143a) of about 1-12% weight.
5. refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 4, comprises the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of the methylene fluoride (HFC-32) of the pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125) of about 8-12% weight, about 12-18% weight, about 70-75% weight and the Halothane (HFC-143a) of about 3-8% weight.
6. refrigerant composition, is made up of the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of the methylene fluoride (HFC-32) of the pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125) of about 6-18% weight, about 6-18% weight, about 66-78% weight and the Halothane (HFC-143a) of about 1-12% weight substantially.
7. refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 6, is made up of the Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of the methylene fluoride (HFC-32) of the pentafluoride ethane (HFC-125) of about 8-12% weight, about 12-18% weight, about 70-75% weight and the Halothane (HFC-143a) of about 3-8% weight substantially.
8. heat pump water heater system, comprises compressor, vaporizer, condenser, the wherein refrigerant composition described system of flowing through, and this refrigerant composition comprises the refrigerant composition described in any one in claim 1-7.
9. heat pump water heater system as claimed in claim 8, wherein refrigeration agent is with the first direction condenser of flowing through, and water is flowed through condenser to absorb heat from refrigeration agent with second direction, and wherein water is heated to more than 60 DEG C.
10. heat pump water heater system as claimed in claim 9, wherein water is heated at least 65 DEG C.
The method of 11. heating waters, comprises the refrigerant composition system claimed in claim 8 of flowing through, and by current through condenser, wherein enter the hot refrigeration agent transferring heat of condenser to this water, water is heated to more than 60 DEG C.
The method of 12. heating waters as claimed in claim 11, further comprises that water is heated at least 65 DEG C.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US17677709P | 2009-05-08 | 2009-05-08 | |
| US17676609P | 2009-05-08 | 2009-05-08 | |
| US61/176766 | 2009-05-08 | ||
| US61/176777 | 2009-05-08 |
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| CN2010102252085A Division CN101880519A (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2010-05-07 | The fluoroether refrigerant compositions that is used for Teat pump boiler |
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| CN103865491A true CN103865491A (en) | 2014-06-18 |
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| CN201410108481.8A Pending CN103865491A (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2010-05-07 | Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant composition for heat pump water heater |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111386328A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2020-07-07 | 大金工业株式会社 | Composition containing refrigerant containing R32, R125, R143a and R134a, and freezing method, operation method of refrigerator and refrigerator using the composition |
| WO2021148698A1 (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2021-07-29 | Lakisa 3, S.L. | Environmentally-friendly refrigerant composition, method for the production thereof, and use of same |
| US11952529B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2024-04-09 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Composition containing refrigerant comprising R32, R125, R143A, R1234YF and R134A, and refrigeration method, refrigerator operating method and refrigerator using said composition |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102433103B (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-06-18 | 詹治平 | Refrigerant composition |
| FR3010415B1 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2015-08-21 | Arkema France | HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS COMPRISING DIFLUOROMETHANE, PENTAFLUOROETHANE, TETRAFLUOROPROPENE AND POSSIBLY PROPANE |
| FR3064275B1 (en) | 2017-03-21 | 2019-06-07 | Arkema France | METHOD FOR HEATING AND / OR AIR CONDITIONING A VEHICLE |
| FR3064264B1 (en) | 2017-03-21 | 2019-04-05 | Arkema France | COMPOSITION BASED ON TETRAFLUOROPROPENE |
| CN110257013A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-09-20 | 杭州艾尔柯制冷剂科技有限公司 | A kind of air source water heater energy-saving refrigerant |
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| CN1852963A (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2006-10-25 | 阿克马公司 | Hydrofluorocarbon-based composition and use thereof |
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| FR2733243B1 (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1997-06-13 | Atochem Elf Sa | NON-AZEOTROPIC MIXTURES OF 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE, 1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE AND PENTAFLUOROETHANE, AND THEIR APPLICATION AS REFRIGERANTS |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1852963A (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2006-10-25 | 阿克马公司 | Hydrofluorocarbon-based composition and use thereof |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111386328A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2020-07-07 | 大金工业株式会社 | Composition containing refrigerant containing R32, R125, R143a and R134a, and freezing method, operation method of refrigerator and refrigerator using the composition |
| US11286409B2 (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2022-03-29 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Composition containing refrigerant including R32, R125, R143a and R134a, and refrigeration method using said composition, method for operating refrigerator, and refrigerator |
| US11952529B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2024-04-09 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Composition containing refrigerant comprising R32, R125, R143A, R1234YF and R134A, and refrigeration method, refrigerator operating method and refrigerator using said composition |
| WO2021148698A1 (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2021-07-29 | Lakisa 3, S.L. | Environmentally-friendly refrigerant composition, method for the production thereof, and use of same |
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| CN101880519A (en) | 2010-11-10 |
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