CN103858677A - Simplified coprinus comatus cultivation method - Google Patents
Simplified coprinus comatus cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103858677A CN103858677A CN201410119478.6A CN201410119478A CN103858677A CN 103858677 A CN103858677 A CN 103858677A CN 201410119478 A CN201410119478 A CN 201410119478A CN 103858677 A CN103858677 A CN 103858677A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a simplified coprinus comatus cultivation method which includes the steps of horizontally digging long-strip-shaped soil holes at the position, where the vertical thickness is 4 m-6 m, of the surface of clay geology with gullies, wherein the lengths of the soil holes are 80 m-100 m, the widths of the soil holes are 2.2 m-2.4 m, the heights of the soil holes are 1.6 m-1.8 m, and the tops of the soil holes are in arc shapes; conducting culture selection; conducting earthing processing; conducting soil hole pre-processing; making fungus bags; conducting coprinus comatus fruiting management; conducting normal operation during coprinus comatus harvesting; removing abandoned cultivation materials and sundries after coprinus comatus fruiting is finished; conveying the abandoned cultivation materials and sundries out of the soil holes; cleaning the soil holes, and conducting disinfection to kill insects; conducting aeration-drying on the soil holes. By means of the simplified coprinus comatus cultivation method, the long-strip-shaped soil holes serve as fungus running and coprinus comatus fruiting sites of coprinus comatus and have the heat and moisture preservation effects, cooling and heating devices for cooling and heating are not required, the soil holes can be used for many years after being dug at a time, resources are sufficiently used, simplified production is achieved, the economic cost is greatly saved, the temperature is constant, the humidity is moderate, ventilation is smooth, and the occurrence probability of the black spot and black head diseases of the coprinus comatus is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coprinus comatus and gently simplify cultivation method, belong to Edible Fungi culture technique field.
Background technology
Coprinus comatus color and luster is pure white, nutritious, delicious flavour, contains multivitamin and amino acid that needed by human body is wanted, and containing anti-cancer active matter and the active ingredient for the treatment of diabetes, long-term eating has good effect to reduction blood sugar concentration, raising immune function of human body.Oneself becomes one of 16 kinds of rare edible mushrooms of integrating of meeting that FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) requires " natural, nutrition, health care " three kinds of functions this kind, is a kind of rare edible mushroom new varieties of high-quality with higher commercial potential and DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT.
Coprinus comatus belongs to middle low form kind, and seasonality is stronger.In prior art, the cultivation of coprinus comatus mainly utilizes various edible fungi leftovers as raw material, carries out seasonality produce at spring and autumn, and the anniversary of can not realizing produces.And seasonal production exists a lot of problems, be mainly that product can not balanced go on the market, in the season that temperature is suitable, fresh mushroom raised growth, has little time to sell, and cause Dai Duolan city, and high summer and the temperature of temperature does not have fresh mushroom listing low winter, causes short supply.If carry out anti-season, industrial and annual cultivation, must rely on refrigeration or warming-up device, the temperature in fruiting place is controlled to 15-20 ℃, because equipment investment is large, production cost is high, is not suitable for wide farmers application.Meanwhile, the working condition of most mushroom agricultures is poor, managerial skills are lower, and mushroom room temperature, humidity and Ventilation Control are not suitable for, and multiple damage by disease and insect very easily occurs, and brings about great losses to mushroom agriculture.
About the research of coprinus comatus is started late, how to carry out at aspects such as its Biological characteristic, high-yield culture technique, nutrient component and health care and fresh-keeping processing, generation, discovery to its disease are also just to cause in recent years concern.That be engaged in Edible Fungi in China is mainly the peasant of the single household of dispersion, and its technical merit is generally lower, and aseptic concept and consciousness are thin, and in production, pollution rate is higher; The pollution bacterial classification producing in production process, sick mushroom are processed to means random, huddle that to throw out phenomenon without care serious, make the accumulation of disease bacterium source more and more.Research is found, semi-underground type plastic tunnel mushroom room temperature, humidity and Ventilation Control are not suitable for, mushroom room temperature, humidity are unstable, very easily produce physiological disturbance, mushroom body premunition is declined, the in the situation that of more in bacterium source, cause the generation of infectious disease, make coprinus comatus suffer from coprinus comatus blackhead disease, coprinus comatus black spot, economical production is caused to huge loss.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of coprinus comatus and gently simplify cultivation method, the method energy anniversary produces, and reduces costs, easy and simple to handle, reduces the harm of disease worm.To improving coprinus comatus output, increase the income of mushroom agriculture and preserve the ecological environment and be significant.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of coprinus comatus is gently simplified cultivation method, comprises the steps:
(1) soil cave is built in the clay geology in gully, in apart from vertical thickness 4～6m place, clay geology surface, level is dug long 80～100m, wide 2.2～2.4m, the strip soil cave that high 1.6～1.8m and top, hole are curved, distance between adjacent soil cave hole is 8-10m, each hole place sets up for entering, the surge chamber of discharging, insect disinfestation device is installed in soil cave, arrange at top, hole and be communicated with extraneous ventilating opening, ventilating opening envelope is established two-layer obstruct net, skin is the wire netting of protection against rodents, internal layer is the insect protected gauze in 0.28mm aperture, each hole arranges sterilization insect protected isolation strip, screen door is installed to carry out mosquito-proof, protection against rodents,
(2) bacterial classification is chosen plant chicken mushroom No. 1, extra white 36 of disease-resistant, high yielding variety Shandong or extra white 33 as cultivar;
(3) earthing processing: choose not containing pathogen, without the turfy soil of worm's ovum and miscellaneous bacteria or the clay loam at the following 20-25cm of farming operation layer place as earthing, be mixed with solution by 50wt% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex 30～35g 10～15kg that adds water, be evenly sprayed at 1m
3on above-mentioned turfy soil or clay loam, and then add pulverized limestone by 2～3% of turfy soil or clay loam quality, mix, add water regulate water content to 25～30wt%, pile vexed processing 5～8d with diaphragm seal, remove film dry in the air heap 5～6h, earthing after being sterilized;
(4) soil cave pretreatment:
Soil cave uses first 6～8 days, by the leveling of soil cave ground, then presses 200-300g/m
2amount spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone on ground, then hole interior walls, ground, a layer frame are carried out to spray disinfectant with the prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid of 50wt% and 4.5wt% permethrin milk oil solution, the amount of application of described prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid is 0.07～0.1g/m
2, the amount of application of permethrin milk oil solution is 0.04～0.06mL/m
2; Use first 3～5 days and fumigate 24～36 hours with sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol, sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol amount of application is 2～3g/m
3, use front 1～2d to ventilate, soil cave after being sterilized;
(5) adopt fermentation material as planting material, adopt long 55-60cm, the polyethylene plastic bag of folding footpath 50-55cm is made bacterium bag, the high 14-16cm of every sacked material, and sowing quantity is 10～15% of planting material quality, makes bacterium bag through pack;
(6) bacterium bag step (5) being made moves to after the sterilization that step (4) makes and sends out bacterium in soil cave, directly places ground individual layer uprightly put or be placed on layer frame and be spread in a single layer by hole, the both sides wall of soil cave, and operation road is stayed in centre,
5-8d after bacterium bag mycelia purseful, opens suitable for reading bacterium bag, earthing after the sterilization that covering step (3) makes, and thickness of earth covering is 2-3cm; During fruiting, open ventilating opening ventilation 2-3 time at soil cave top every day, each ventilation time 15-30 minute;
When in fruiting process, while there is disease in soil cave, diseased region to be spread fertilizer over the fields to pulverized limestone and cover and disinfect, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 300-500g/m
2, and the alcohol or mass percent concentration 0.25% bromogeramine solution that are 75% with concentration of volume percent to the instrument of contact germ carry out disinfection;
(7) receive mushroom and adopt normal operating, after fruiting finishes, remove discarded planting material, foreign material, transport soil cave, and sanitation and hygiene and sterilization deinsectization, soil cave aeration-drying.
The present invention is preferred, and a kind of coprinus comatus is gently simplified cultivation method, also comprises the steps:
After the first damp mushroom is finished, cleaning fruiting face, excavates residual mushroom, sick worm mushroom, dead mushroom, rotten mushroom, pathological material of disease and impurity, shift out soil cave, the recess of fruiting face is filled up earthing after the sterilization that step (3) makes, and then sprays fruiting face with 1-2wt% limewash, and sprinkling amount is 1.0-1.5kg/m
2, after 8-10d, go out lower damp mushroom.
Coprinus comatus of the present invention is gently simplified cultivation method, and the fraction of the year of one 3 batches, 2 batches of the every batch of fruitings, average about 3 months of management of producing mushroom phase in hole, every batch of approximately 1 month interval.
The present invention is preferred, and described ventilating opening lower port diameter is 1.0m-1.5m, and upper port diameter is 0.6m-0.7m, and upper port exceeds clay geology surface 1.5m-2.0m, and described ventilating opening is vertically set on top, soil cave hole.
The present invention is preferred, the described each 3-4m of surge chamber length.
Preferred according to the present invention, the pack of described step (2) adopts the pack mode of 2 layers of cultivation bed of material of 3 layers of bacterial classification layer, and the cultivation bed of material is sandwiched between bacterial classification layer.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step (3), prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid is to make with the water that 50% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex adds 1000～1500 times of weight, and permethrin milk oil solution is to make with the water that 4.5% r adds 1000～1500 times of weight.
Preferred according to the present invention, it is by 1/600m in every soil cave that insect disinfestation device is installed in soil cave
2density green insecticidal lamp is installed or by 20～30/600m
2density hangs insect-sticking plate insect protected.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1) coprinus comatus of the present invention is gently simplified the long 80～100m of cultivation method employing, wide 2.2～2.4m, the curved strip soil cave in high 1.6～1.8m and top, hole is sent out bacterium as coprinus comatus, fruiting place, soil cave of the present invention has the effect of heat and moisture preserving, in hole, annual temperature is generally at 16-22 ℃, relative air humidity is generally at 75-90%, during fruiting, generally do not need the moisturizing of spraying water, do not need to adopt cold and hot equipment heating and cooling, be not subject to seasonal restrictions and can realize anniversaryization cultivation, and once building hole can use for many years, make full use of resource, realize simplifying and produced, greatly save Financial cost, temperature constant, humidity is moderate, ventilated unobstructed, reduce coprinus comatus black spot, the occurrence probability of blackhead disease.
2) coprinus comatus of the present invention is gently simplified cultivation method and sends out bacterium, fruiting and all in soil cave, carry out, and has avoided bacterium bag to divide moving back and forth that exploitation bacterium, fruiting cause, has both saved manpower, can avoid again moving the secondary pollution causing.
3) coprinus comatus of the present invention is gently simplified cultivation method and adopts a uprightly de-bag covering method of sack, has avoided the cross-infection between loaded down with trivial details step and the rear bacterium bag of de-bag of de-bag furrow processed, and can prevent the propagation of disease.
4) the application proposes in fruiting process, the step of mosquito control to be reduced the occurrence probability of coprinus comatus black spot, blackhead disease first, this is because inventor finds by research, the propagation of coprinus comatus black spot, blackhead disease is except existing route of transmission, can also propagate and Secondary Infection by bite by mosquitos, therefore can effectively prevent its spread in china of disease by controlling insect pest.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further, but institute of the present invention protection domain is not limited to this.
The coprinus comatus kind using in embodiment, chicken mushroom No. 1 is planted purchased from academy of agricultural sciences of Shandong Province agricultural resources and Environmental Research Institute in Shandong.
Extra white 33, extra white 36 are purchased from science edible mushroom research institute of Jiangsu Gaoyou City.
Embodiment 1
A kind of coprinus comatus is gently simplified cultivation method, comprises the steps:
(1) soil cave is built, in Bei Maoyu village, villages and small towns, Pingying County hole, Shandong Province, water on the zanjon wall apart from geology surface vertical thickness 4m, level is dug long 80m, wide 2.4m, the strip soil cave that high 1.8m and top, hole are curved, each hole place sets up for entering, the surge chamber of discharging, the length of surge chamber, wide, high each 3m, the high 1.8m of front/rear door, wide 1.5m, distance between adjacent soil cave hole is 8m, arrange at top, hole and be communicated with extraneous ventilating opening, ventilating opening is vertically set on top, soil cave hole, ventilating opening lower port diameter is 1.0m, upper port diameter is 0.6m, upper port exceeds geology surface 1.5m, insect disinfestation device is installed in soil cave, ventilating opening envelope is established two-layer obstruct net, skin is rat-proofing metallic net, internal layer is the insect protected gauze in 0.28mm aperture, each hole arranges sterilization insect protected isolation strip, screen door is installed to carry out mosquito-proof, protection against rodents, in this soil cave hole, anniversary temperature is generally at 16～22 ℃.
(2) bacterial classification is selected and bacterium bag is produced: choose Shandong disease-resistant, high yield and plant chicken mushroom No. 1, bacterial classification requires: mycelia is canescence, slightly sparse, and can see cotton thread shape and climb wall mycelia, khaki slightly after maturation, inoculation piece pigment is heavier; Original seed bacterium bottle color and luster is consistent, and bottle mouth position has aerial hyphae, and slightly sparse, very thin, cell age is suitable, does not secrete yellow water pearl; Produce and kind require vitality strong, not in spite of illness, worm and miscellaneous bacteria, do not avoid using the aging bacterial classification of high-temperature cultivation and storage, guarantee vigor and the purity of bacterial classification, sowing, according to sterile working requirement, strengthens seeding quantity, cultivates nutrition thalline healthy and strong, anosis worm;
(3) earthing processing: choose the clay loam at the following 20cm of farming operation layer place as earthing, be mixed with solution by the 50wt% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex 35g 15kg that adds water, be evenly sprayed at 1m
3on above-mentioned turfy soil or clay loam, and then add pulverized limestone by 3% of clay loam quality, mix, add water and regulate water content to 25wt%, with vexed the processings 7d of diaphragm seal heap, remove film and dry in the air and pile 5h, the row's of drying in the air bad smell, earthing after being sterilized;
(4) soil cave pretreatment:
Soil cave uses first 7 days, by the leveling of soil cave ground, then presses 200g/m
2amount spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone on ground, then hole interior walls, ground, a layer frame are carried out to spray disinfectant with the prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid of 50wt% and 4.5wt% permethrin milk oil solution, the amount of application of described prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid is 0.07g/m
2, the amount of application of permethrin milk oil solution is 0.04mL/m
2; Use first 3 days and fumigate 36 hours with sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol, sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol amount of application is 2g/m
3, before using, 1d ventilates, soil cave after being sterilized;
(5) adopt fermentation material as planting material, long 55cm, the polyethylene plastic bag of folding footpath 50cm is made bacterium bag, the high 15cm of every sacked material, sowing quantity is 10% of planting material quality, adopt the pack mode of 2 layers of cultivation bed of material of 3 layers of bacterial classification layer, the cultivation bed of material is sandwiched between bacterial classification layer and packs, make bacterium bag, described fermentation material makes by the following method, does raw material with Ipomoea batatas vinasse, add the pulverized limestone of Ipomoea batatas vinasse quality 3%, mix routine and build heap ventilating fermentation and process 9～10 days, regulate pH7.5～8.0 with quicklime powder, regulating water content is that 55-60wt% can use.
(6) bacterium bag step (5) being made moves to after the sterilization that step (4) makes and sends out bacterium in soil cave, sends out between bacterium culture period, and lucifuge is cultivated, and directly places ground individual layer uprightly put by hole, the both sides wall of soil cave, and operation road is stayed in centre,
5d after bacterium bag mycelia purseful, opens suitable for reading bacterium bag, and bacterium bag is upright, earthing after the sterilization that covering step (3) makes, and thickness of earth covering is 2cm; During fruiting, open ventilating opening ventilation 2-3 time at soil cave top every day, each ventilation time 15-30 minute, keeps good aeration condition during fruiting, because soil cave is incubated, moistening effect is better, so without the artificial temp. and humidity that regulates, can meet coprinus comatus growth needs during a bacterium, fruiting.
When in fruiting process, while there is disease in soil cave, diseased region to be spread fertilizer over the fields to pulverized limestone and cover and disinfect, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 300g/m
2, avoid moving, prevent its spread in china of disease between Yu Wu lesion, lesion.Hand or the instrument of contacted sick mushroom, pathological material of disease, should clean up, and the instrument of contact germ is carried out disinfection with the alcohol that concentration of volume percent is 75%;
(7) receive mushroom and adopt normal operating, after fruiting finishes, remove discarded planting material, foreign material, transport soil cave, and sanitation and hygiene and sterilization deinsectization, soil cave aeration-drying.
Light simplification cultivation method of the present invention starts bacterium bag processed the first tenday period of a month in May, early June earthing, early July starts fruiting, until mid-August cultivation finishes.
Adopt after the method for the present embodiment, during coprinus comatus fruiting, the various disease incidences of disease, lower than 7%, have no the large generation of insect pest, and coprinus comatus biological transformation ratio reaches 105%, avoids moving the secondary pollution causing.And traditional semi-underground type plastic tunnel cannot be produced coprinus comatus at the Summer High-Temperature Times of the 6-8 month.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of coprinus comatus is gently simplified cultivation method, comprises the steps:
(1) soil cave is built, in Bei Maoyu village, villages and small towns, Pingying County hole, Shandong Province, water on the zanjon wall apart from geology surface vertical thickness 6m, level is dug long 100m, wide 2.2m, the strip soil cave that high 1.6m and top, hole are curved, each hole place sets up for entering, the surge chamber of discharging, the length of surge chamber, wide, high each 4m, the high 1.8m of front/rear door, wide 1.5m, distance between adjacent soil cave hole is 10m, arrange at top, hole and be communicated with extraneous ventilating opening, ventilating opening is vertically set on top, soil cave hole, ventilating opening lower port diameter is 1.5m, upper port diameter is 0.7m, upper port exceeds geology surface 2.0m, insect disinfestation device is installed in soil cave, ventilating opening envelope is established two-layer obstruct net, skin is rat-proofing metallic net, internal layer is the insect protected gauze in 0.28mm aperture, each hole arranges sterilization insect protected isolation strip, screen door is installed to carry out mosquito-proof, protection against rodents, in this soil cave hole, anniversary temperature is generally at 16～22 ℃.
(2) bacterial classification is selected and bacterium bag is produced: choose extra white 33 disease-resistant, high yield, bacterial classification requires: mycelia is canescence, slightly sparse, and can see cotton thread shape and climb wall mycelia, khaki slightly after maturation, inoculation piece pigment is heavier; Original seed bacterium bottle color and luster is consistent, and bottle mouth position has aerial hyphae, and slightly sparse, very thin, cell age is suitable, does not secrete yellow water pearl; Produce and kind require vitality strong, not in spite of illness, worm and miscellaneous bacteria, do not avoid using the aging bacterial classification of high-temperature cultivation and storage, guarantee vigor and the purity of bacterial classification, sowing, according to sterile working requirement, strengthens seeding quantity, cultivates nutrition thalline healthy and strong, anosis worm;
(3) earthing processing: choose not containing pathogen, without the turfy soil of worm's ovum and miscellaneous bacteria as earthing, be mixed with solution by the 50wt% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex 30g 10kg that adds water, be evenly sprayed at 1m
3on above-mentioned turfy soil, and then add pulverized limestone by 2% of turfy soil quality, mix, add water and regulate water content to 30wt%, with vexed the processings 6d of diaphragm seal heap, remove film and dry in the air and pile 6h, the row's of drying in the air bad smell, earthing after being sterilized;
(4) soil cave pretreatment:
Soil cave uses first 8 days, by the leveling of soil cave ground, then presses 300g/m
2amount spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone on ground, then hole interior walls, ground, a layer frame are carried out to spray disinfectant with the prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid of 50wt% and 4.5wt% permethrin milk oil solution, the amount of application of described prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid is 0.1g/m
2, the amount of application of permethrin milk oil solution is 0.06mL/m
2; Use first 5 days and fumigate 30 hours with sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol, sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol amount of application is 3g/m
3, before using, 2d ventilates, soil cave after being sterilized;
(5) adopt fermentation material as planting material, long 70cm, the polyethylene plastic bag of folding footpath 60cm is made bacterium bag, the high 13cm of every sacked material, sowing quantity is 15% of planting material quality, adopt the pack mode of 2 layers of cultivation bed of material of 3 layers of bacterial classification layer, the cultivation bed of material is sandwiched between bacterial classification layer and packs, make bacterium bag, described fermentation material makes by the following method, does raw material with Ipomoea batatas vinasse, add the pulverized limestone of Ipomoea batatas vinasse quality 3%, mix routine and build heap ventilating fermentation and process 9～10 days, regulate pH7.5～8.0 with quicklime powder, regulating water content is that 55-60wt% can use.
(6) bacterium bag step (5) being made moves to after the sterilization that step (4) makes and sends out bacterium in soil cave, sends out between bacterium culture period, and lucifuge is cultivated, and directly places ground individual layer uprightly put by hole, the both sides wall of soil cave, and operation road is stayed in centre,
7d after bacterium bag mycelia purseful, opens suitable for reading bacterium bag, and bacterium bag is upright, earthing after the sterilization that covering step (3) makes, and thickness of earth covering is 2cm; During fruiting, open ventilating opening ventilation 2-3 time at soil cave top every day, each ventilation time 15-30 minute, keeps good aeration condition during fruiting, because soil cave is incubated, moistening effect is better, so without the artificial temp. and humidity that regulates, can meet coprinus comatus growth needs during a bacterium, fruiting.
When in fruiting process, while there is disease in soil cave, diseased region to be spread fertilizer over the fields to pulverized limestone and cover and disinfect, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 500g/m
2, avoid moving, prevent its spread in china of disease between Yu Wu lesion, lesion.Hand or the instrument of contacted sick mushroom, pathological material of disease, should clean up, and the instrument of contact germ is carried out disinfection with the alcohol that concentration of volume percent is 75%;
(7) receive mushroom and adopt normal operating, after fruiting finishes, remove discarded planting material, foreign material, transport soil cave, and sanitation and hygiene and sterilization deinsectization, soil cave aeration-drying.
The light simplification cultivation method of the present embodiment starts bacterium bag processed in early October, early November earthing, early December starts fruiting, until mid-January cultivation finishes.
Adopt after the method for the present embodiment, during coprinus comatus fruiting, the various disease incidences of disease, lower than 5%, have no the large generation of insect pest, and coprinus comatus biological transformation ratio reaches 110%, avoid moving the secondary pollution causing, produce the coprinus comatus traditional semi-underground type plastic tunnel saving Financial cost 15-30% on year-on-year basis with amount.
Comparative example 1
Coprinus comatus is gently simplified cultivation method as described in Example 1, difference:
Adopt conventional semi-underground type plastic tunnel as cultivating chicken leg mushroom place.Select physical features higher, the plot of illumination abundance, builds semi-underground type plastic tunnel, and its specification is dark 1.5m, the high 2.3m of canopy, the wide 6m～8m of canopy, the long 25m of canopy.On plastic foil, cover the crops straw such as corn stalk, wheat straw, be used for shading and Winter protection.Plastic film pastes ground and relatively stays 1 of air vent every 3m.
Compared with embodiment 1, semi-underground type plastic tunnel, summer temperature of shed 22-33 ℃ of left and right, winter temperature is 1-15 ℃ of left and right, spring and autumn temperature is 10-25 ℃ of left and right.Coprinus comatus belongs to the steady temperature fecundity of the higher type of middle temperature mushroom.20～28 ℃ of mycelial growth thermophilics, and mycelia can be melted certainly more than 35 ℃; 9～28 ℃ of fruiting temperature ranges, generally lower than 8 ℃, higher than 30 ℃, fruit body is difficult to form, and fruit body generation quantity is maximum at 16～22 ℃, and output is the highest.Through relatively, can find out, semi-underground type plastic tunnel is unsuitable for coprinus comatus summer, Winter Cultivation, be only suitable at spring and autumn cultivating drumstick mushroom, and semi-underground type plastic tunnel cost is high, wastes time and energy, the improper easy generation coprinus comatus black spot of temperature humidity control, blackhead disease.
Comparative example 2
Method for cultivating chicken leg mushroom as described in Example 1, difference is:
(1) select Shandong to plant chicken mushroom No. 1 as cultivar, with the polyethylene plastic bag making bacterium bag of long 45cm, folding footpath 22cm, the high 25cm of every sacked material, sowing quantity are 10% of planting material quality, adopt the pack mode of 3 layers of cultivation bed of material of 4 layers of bacterial classification layer, the cultivation bed of material is sandwiched between bacterial classification layer, makes bacterium bag;
(4) after bacterium bag demoulding, bacterium rod keeps flat, 2～3 centimetres, interval, gap is filled and led up with earthing, water one time permeable after, after de-bag, on whole fruiting face, cover the earthing of 2 centimetres, evenly spray 1% limewash, finally with the moisturizing of the built on stilts covering of film furrow face, then carry out management of producing mushroom, in management of producing mushroom process, carry out the processing of mosquito proof protection against rodents;
By statistics, coprinus comatus black spot and the blackhead disease head tide mushroom incidence of disease reach 15%, the two damp mushroom incidence of disease and reach more than 45%, the ill total biological transformation ratio 78% of the damp mushroom of comparative example 1, two that is significantly higher than.
Compared with embodiment 1, making bacterium bag with the polyethylene plastic bag of long 45cm, folding footpath 22cm, after bacterium bag demoulding, earthing coprinus comatus black spot and the blackhead disease head tide mushroom incidence of disease also obviously raise, thereby cause yield reducation, earthing cross-infection after bacterium bag demoulding, and the loaded down with trivial details step of de-bag, has increased the extra labour cost that increased than embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
Method for cultivating chicken leg mushroom as described in Example 1, difference is, does not carry out the processing of mosquito proof protection against rodents in management of producing mushroom process.
By statistics, coprinus comatus black spot and the total biological transformation ratio 85.6% of the blackhead disease head tide mushroom incidence of disease damp mushroom of 4.5%, the two damp mushroom incidence of disease 25.8%, two.
Compared with embodiment 1, premenarcheal earthing processing, a damp mushroom disease incidence of disease is not high, and without significant difference, but two damp mushrooms are not owing to carrying out pest control with embodiment 1, and insect pest is obvious, and the disease incidence of disease also obviously raises, thereby causes yield reducation.
Claims (7)
1. coprinus comatus is gently simplified a cultivation method, comprises the steps:
(1) soil cave is built in the clay geology in gully, in apart from vertical thickness 4～6m place, clay geology surface, level is dug long 80～100m, wide 2.2～2.4m, the strip soil cave that high 1.6～1.8m and top, hole are curved, distance between adjacent soil cave hole is 8-10m, each hole place sets up for entering, the surge chamber of discharging, insect disinfestation device is installed in soil cave, arrange at top, hole and be communicated with extraneous ventilating opening, ventilating opening envelope is established two-layer obstruct net, skin is the wire netting of protection against rodents, internal layer is the insect protected gauze in 0.28mm aperture, each hole arranges sterilization insect protected isolation strip, screen door is installed to carry out mosquito-proof, protection against rodents,
(2) bacterial classification is chosen plant chicken mushroom No. 1, extra white 36 of disease-resistant, high yielding variety Shandong or extra white 33 as cultivar;
(3) earthing processing: choose not containing pathogen, without the turfy soil of worm's ovum and miscellaneous bacteria or the clay loam at the following 20-25cm of farming operation layer place as earthing, be mixed with solution by 50wt% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex 30～35g 10～15kg that adds water, be evenly sprayed at 1m
3on above-mentioned turfy soil or clay loam, and then add pulverized limestone by 2～3% of turfy soil or clay loam quality, mix, add water regulate water content to 25～30wt%, pile vexed processing 5～8d with diaphragm seal, remove film dry in the air heap 5～6h, earthing after being sterilized;
(4) soil cave pretreatment:
Soil cave uses first 6～8 days, by the leveling of soil cave ground, then presses 200-300g/m
2amount spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone on ground, then hole interior walls, ground, a layer frame are carried out to spray disinfectant with the prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid of 50wt% and 4.5wt% permethrin milk oil solution, the amount of application of described prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid is 0.07～0.1g/m
2, the amount of application of permethrin milk oil solution is 0.04～0.06mL/m
2; Use first 3～5 days and fumigate 24～36 hours with sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol, sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol amount of application is 2～3g/m
3, use front 1～2d to ventilate, soil cave after being sterilized;
(5) adopt fermentation material as planting material, long 55-60cm, the polyethylene plastic bag of folding footpath 50-55cm is made bacterium bag, the high 14-16cm of every sacked material, sowing quantity is 10～15% of planting material quality, makes bacterium bag through pack;
(6) bacterium bag step (5) being made moves to after the sterilization that step (4) makes and sends out bacterium in soil cave, directly places ground individual layer uprightly put or be placed on layer frame and be spread in a single layer by hole, the both sides wall of soil cave, and operation road is stayed in centre,
5-8d after bacterium bag mycelia purseful, opens suitable for reading bacterium bag, earthing after the sterilization that covering step (3) makes, and thickness of earth covering is 2-3cm; During fruiting, open ventilating opening ventilation 2-3 time at soil cave top every day, each ventilation time 15-30 minute;
When in fruiting process, while there is disease in soil cave, diseased region to be spread fertilizer over the fields to pulverized limestone and cover and disinfect, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 300-500g/m
2, and the alcohol or mass percent concentration 0.25% bromogeramine solution that are 75% with concentration of volume percent to the instrument of contact germ carry out disinfection;
(7) receive mushroom and adopt normal operating, after fruiting finishes, remove discarded planting material, foreign material, transport soil cave, and sanitation and hygiene and sterilization deinsectization, soil cave aeration-drying.
2. coprinus comatus according to claim 1 is gently simplified cultivation method, also comprises the steps:
After the first damp mushroom is finished, cleaning fruiting face, excavates residual mushroom, sick worm mushroom, dead mushroom, rotten mushroom, pathological material of disease and impurity, shift out soil cave, the recess of fruiting face is filled up earthing after the sterilization that step (3) makes, and then sprays fruiting face with 1-2wt% limewash, and sprinkling amount is 1.0-1.5kg/m
2, after 8-10d, go out lower damp mushroom.
3. coprinus comatus according to claim 1 is gently simplified cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described ventilating opening lower port diameter is 1.0m-1.5m, and upper port diameter is 0.6m-0.7m, upper port exceeds clay geology surface 1.5m-2.0m, and described ventilating opening is vertically set on top, soil cave hole.
4. coprinus comatus according to claim 1 is gently simplified cultivation method, it is characterized in that, the described each 3-4m of surge chamber length.
5. coprinus comatus according to claim 1 is gently simplified cultivation method, it is characterized in that, the pack of described step (2) adopts the pack mode of 2 layers of cultivation bed of material of 3 layers of bacterial classification layer, and the cultivation bed of material is sandwiched between bacterial classification layer.
6. coprinus comatus according to claim 1 is gently simplified cultivation method, it is characterized in that, in step (3), prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid is to make with the water that 50% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex adds 1000～1500 times of weight, and permethrin milk oil solution is to make with the water that 4.5% r adds 1000～1500 times of weight.
7. coprinus comatus according to claim 1 is gently simplified cultivation method, it is characterized in that, it is by 1/600m in every soil cave that insect disinfestation device is installed in soil cave
2density green insecticidal lamp is installed or by 20～30/600m
2density hangs insect-sticking plate insect protected.
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| CN104041327A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-17 | 平阴县蔬菜技术服务中心 | Method for all-year production of coprinus comatus by utilization of soil cave |
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| CN105191969A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-30 | 河南科技学院 | Method for preparing special compound bactericide for oyster mushroom cultivation |
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| CN107637387A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-30 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | The cultural method of coprinus comatus |
| CN108990705A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-14 | 巫溪县凤芝农业有限公司 | The method for cultivating cultivating ganoderma based on symbiosis |
| CN112042463A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-08 | 贵州丰源现代农业有限公司 | Black termitomyces albuminosus culture method and application thereof |
| CN112913575A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-08 | 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所 | Ganoderma lucidum micropore bag opening and soil covering planting method |
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