CN103848783B - 一种一步氧化合成2-氯烟酸的方法 - Google Patents

一种一步氧化合成2-氯烟酸的方法 Download PDF

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CN103848783B
CN103848783B CN201410015351.XA CN201410015351A CN103848783B CN 103848783 B CN103848783 B CN 103848783B CN 201410015351 A CN201410015351 A CN 201410015351A CN 103848783 B CN103848783 B CN 103848783B
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杨寿海
丁永山
罗中华
薛谊
何小强
龚东平
岳洪亮
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Nanjing Red Sun Biological Chemical Co., Ltd.
Nanjing Redsun Co., Ltd.
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/79Acids; Esters
    • C07D213/803Processes of preparation
    • C07D213/807Processes of preparation by oxidation of pyridines or condensed pyridines
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/79Acids; Esters
    • C07D213/80Acids; Esters in position 3

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种一步氧化合成2-氯烟酸的方法,属于化学合成领域,该方法采用2-氯-3-烷基吡啶或者2-氯-3-烯烃基吡啶为起始原料,以醋酸盐作为催化剂,通入臭氧发生器产生的臭氧,在反应温度为20~100℃条件下得到产物2-氯烟酸。本发明所用的原料简单易得,成本低廉,工艺简单,污染少,符合绿色化学的发展要求。

Description

一种一步氧化合成2-氯烟酸的方法
技术领域
本发明属于化工和农药领域,特别涉及一种一步氧化合成2-氯烟酸的方法。
背景技术
2-氯烟酸是一种重要的医药和农药的中间体。用于农药可以合成杀菌剂、杀虫剂和除草剂,如烟嘧磺隆、吡氟草胺等;用于医药可以合成许多医用抗生素、治疗心血管疾病的药物。因其广泛的生物化学作用,其合成工艺研究已引起人们的广泛兴趣。
2-氯烟酸的制备路线有很多,研究最多的合成路线主要有以下几种:
(1)以烟酸为起始原料经双氧水进行N-氧化,在三乙胺催化下与三氯氧磷反应,氯化合成2-氯烟酸(US4144238);该方法收率80%,所得产品纯度较高,但存在大量的废酸,严重地污染了环境。
(2)以3-氰基吡啶为原料,经双氧水进行N-氧化,在三乙胺催化下与三氯氧磷反应、氯化得到2-氯-3-氰基吡啶,产物在碱催化下水解,合成2-氯烟酸(JP169672),该方法的收率较低,一般在50~60%,并且催化剂价格昂贵,生产中会产生大量的酸性废水,造成环境污染,不适合大规模工业化生产。
(3)2-氯-3-三氯甲基吡啶为原料在酸性条件下水解合成2-氯烟酸(US4504665)。2-氯-3-三氯甲基吡啶在磷酸、硝酸、烟酸中水解制备2-氯烟酸,收率84%。该方法所用的原料价格昂贵,只适合实验室的理论研究。
(4)氰基乙酸乙酯为原料的成环法(魏顺金,河北化工,2004,4)。氰基乙酸乙酯氯化后,与丙烯醛迈克尔加成,成环后水解得到2-氯烟酸,该工艺主要原料丙烯醛具有较大的刺激性和毒性,生产过程中有机溶剂种类较多,工艺复杂,不适合大规模生产。
(5)2-氯-3-甲基吡啶氧化法。Lisacs.A等人采用混酸氧化法(EP5011982),即在190~210℃用硫酸和硝酸的混合物来氧化2-氯-3-甲基吡啶。但是该方法存在反应条件苛刻,设备投资大,反应过程中放出大量的有害气体,无法进行工业化生产。用高锰酸钾将甲基氧化为羧基制备出高纯度的2-氯烟酸(聂文娜,河北化工,2006,10)。其工艺路线简单,反应条件温和,但氧化剂价格高、耗量大、成本高、产生大量废水,不适合大规模工业生产。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述技术问题提供一种一步氧化合成2-氯烟的方法,该方法以臭氧为氧化剂,臭氧是一种干净的氧化剂,符合当今绿色化学发展的要求。
本发明采用如下技术方案实现上述目的:
一种一步氧化合成2-氯烟酸的方法,该方法以2-氯-3-烷基吡啶或者2-氯-3-烯烃基吡啶为原料,以醋酸盐为催化剂,以臭氧为氧化剂,以四氢呋喃、乙腈、苯、甲苯、二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙醇、甲醇、硫酸、盐酸、磷酸和醋酸中的任意一种为溶剂,在温度为20~100℃条件下反应得到2-氯烟酸,所述的烷基是C1~4的烷基中的任意一种,所述的烯烃基是C2~3烯烃中的任意一种。
所述的2-氯-3-烷基吡啶或2-氯-3-烯烃基吡啶与醋酸盐的摩尔比为1:0.05~0.1。
所述的2-氯-3-烷基吡啶或者2-氯-3-烯烃基吡啶与臭氧的摩尔比为1:1.2~3。
所述的2-氯-3-烷基吡啶或者2-氯-3-烯烃基吡啶与溶剂的体积比为1:4.5~6。
所述的醋酸盐为醋酸锌、醋酸铜、醋酸铁、醋酸锰、醋酸铬、醋酸钠和醋酸钾中的任意一种,优选所述的醋酸盐为醋酸锰、醋酸钠或醋酸铁。
所述的溶剂优选为冰醋酸、四氢呋喃或氯仿。
所述的烷基优选为甲基、乙基或异丙基。
本发明的有益效果
本发明方法制备的2-氯烟酸,以醋酸盐为催化剂,以臭氧为氧化剂,所得产品纯度高。其中,臭氧作为氧化剂,成本低,无污染,符合当今绿色化学发展要求。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例来说明本发明作进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围不限于此:
实施例1
在装有机械搅拌器、温度计的250mL四口烧瓶中,加入2-氯-3-甲基吡啶25.5g(0.2mol),冰醋酸100mL和醋酸锰2.5g(0.01mol)。室温搅拌,通入由臭氧发生器产生的臭氧5.4L(0.24mol),5h后反应液中有大量的白色固体产生,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,将冰醋酸减压抽滤为原体积的1/3后,过滤、干燥得白色固体产品23.5g,产率98%,熔点176-178℃。
实施例2
在装有机械搅拌器、温度计的250mL四口烧瓶中,加入2-氯-3-甲基吡啶25.5g(0.2mol),四氢呋喃100mL和醋酸锰5g(0.02mol)。50℃搅拌,通入由臭氧发生器产生的臭氧8.96L(0.4mol),TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,将四氢呋喃减压抽滤,得粗品,乙酸乙酯重结晶,干燥得白色固体产品23.2g,产率97%,熔点175-178℃。
实施例3
在装有机械搅拌器、温度计的250mL四口烧瓶中,加入2-氯-3-甲基吡啶25.5g(0.2mol),甲苯100mL和醋酸锌1.83g(0.01mol)。100℃搅拌,通入由臭氧发生器产生的臭氧13.44L(0.6mol),TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,将甲苯减压抽滤后,得粗品,乙酸乙酯重结晶,干燥得白色固体产品21.5g,产率90%,熔点175-177℃。
实施例4
在装有机械搅拌器、温度计的250mL四口烧瓶中,加入2-氯-3-乙基吡啶28.3g(0.2mol),稀盐酸100mL和醋酸锰2.5g(0.01mol)。50℃搅拌,通入由臭氧发生器产生的臭氧8.96L(0.4mol),5h后反应液中有大量的白色固体产生,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,将溶液减压抽滤为原体积的1/3后,过滤、干燥得白色固体产品21.8g,产率90%,熔点176-178℃。
实施例5
在装有机械搅拌器、温度计的250mL四口烧瓶中,加入2-氯-3-乙基吡啶28.3g(0.2mol),冰醋酸100mL和醋酸钠0.82g(0.01mol)。室温搅拌下,通入由臭氧发生器产生的臭氧8.96L(0.4mol),5h后反应液中有大量的白色固体产生,TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,将冰醋酸减压抽滤为原体积的1/3后,过滤、干燥得白色固体产品23.5g,产率98%,熔点176-178℃。
实施例6
在装有机械搅拌器、温度计的250mL四口烧瓶中,加入2-氯-3-异丙基吡啶32.9g(0.2mol),氯仿100mL和醋酸锰5g(0.02mol)。50℃下搅拌,通入由臭氧发生器产生的臭氧8.96L(0.4mol),TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,将氯仿减压抽滤后,得粗品,乙酸乙酯重结晶,干燥得白色固体产品23.2g,产率97%,熔点175-178℃。
实施例7
在装有机械搅拌器、温度计的250mL四口烧瓶中,加入2-氯-3-异丙基吡啶32.9g(0.2mol),醋酸100mL和醋酸铁3.48g(0.02mol)。100℃下搅拌,通入由臭氧发生器产生的臭氧8.96L(0.4mol),TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,将醋酸减压抽滤为原体积的1/3后,过滤、干燥得白色固体产品23.5g,产率98%,熔点176-178℃。
实施例8
在装有机械搅拌器、温度计的250mL四口烧瓶中,加入2-氯-3-叔丁基吡啶25.5g(0.2mol),乙腈100mL和醋酸锌1.83g(0.01mol)。100℃搅拌,通入由臭氧发生器产生的臭氧13.44L(0.6mol),TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,将乙腈减压抽滤后,得粗品,乙酸乙酯重结晶,干燥得白色固体产品21.5g,产率85%,熔点175-176℃。
实施例9
在装有机械搅拌器、温度计的250mL四口烧瓶中,加入2-氯-3-乙烯基吡啶25.5g(0.2mol),乙醇100mL和醋酸锌1.83g(0.01mol)。100℃搅拌,通入由臭氧发生器产生的臭氧13.44L(0.6mol),TLC监测反应进程,反应结束后,将乙醇减压抽滤后,得粗品,乙酸乙酯重结晶,干燥得白色固体产品21.5g,产率87%,熔点175-177℃。

Claims (1)

1.一种一步氧化合成2-氯烟酸的方法,其特征在于:该方法以2-氯-3-甲基吡啶、2-氯-3-乙基吡啶或2-氯-3-异丙基吡啶为原料,以醋酸盐为催化剂,以臭氧为氧化剂,以四氢呋喃、氯仿和醋酸中的任意一种为溶剂,在温度为20~100℃条件下反应得到2-氯烟酸;
所述的2-氯-3-甲基吡啶、2-氯-3-乙基吡啶或2-氯-3-异丙基吡啶与醋酸盐的摩尔比为1:0.05~0.1,且所述的醋酸盐为醋酸锰、醋酸钠或醋酸铁;
所述的2-氯-3-甲基吡啶、2-氯-3-乙基吡啶或2-氯-3-异丙基吡啶与溶剂的体积比为1:4.5~6;
所述的2-氯-3-甲基吡啶、2-氯-3-乙基吡啶或2-氯-3-异丙基吡啶与臭氧的摩尔比为1:1.2~3。
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CN106243028A (zh) * 2016-07-28 2016-12-21 南京红太阳生物化学有限责任公司 一种一步氧化合成2‑氯烟酸的方法
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