CN103834046B - Alcoholic solvent is utilized to prepare the method for the zein mixture of including natural fibers element - Google Patents

Alcoholic solvent is utilized to prepare the method for the zein mixture of including natural fibers element Download PDF

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CN103834046B
CN103834046B CN201410068896.7A CN201410068896A CN103834046B CN 103834046 B CN103834046 B CN 103834046B CN 201410068896 A CN201410068896 A CN 201410068896A CN 103834046 B CN103834046 B CN 103834046B
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zein
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cellulose
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alcoholic solvent
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CN103834046A (en
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江燕斌
魏东伟
刘贵金
霍伟智
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

The invention discloses the method utilizing alcoholic solvent to prepare the zein mixture of including natural fibers element.Under the first room temperature of the method, added by Zein in alcohol solution, stirring and dissolving, obtained Zein mass percent is the uniform solution A of (2 ~ 15) wt%; Then by Cellulose Zhi Yu 12 DEG C~ 13 DEG C containing in the aqueous solution of (6 ~ 8) %NaOH and (10 ~ 14) wt%Urea, dissolve, obtained Cellulose mass percent is the uniform solution B of (0.2 ~ 8) wt%; Added by uniform solution A in solution B, control Zein and Cellulose dry weight are than being (1.5 ~ 5) % that 10:1 ~ 2:1, Zein and Cellulose account for mixing solutions quality, miscible, obtain homogeneous, stable mixing solutions or gel.This mixing solutions or gel are made film and be can be used for the industry such as pharmacy, food.

Description

Alcoholic solvent is utilized to prepare the method for the zein mixture of including natural fibers element
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of natural cellulose and zein mixture, particularly relate to a kind of method utilizing alcoholic solvent to prepare the zein mixture of including natural fibers element.
Background technology
Zein (Zein) belongs to the one of protein, is a by product in corn processed industry.The molecular weight of Zein is generally between 25000 ~ 45000, it contains abundant L-glutamic acid (21 ~ 26%), leucine (20%), proline(Pro) (10%), Beta Alanine (10%), lacks some alkalescence and acidic amino acids, as Methionin, aspartic acid and tryptophane, can not ensure nitrogen equilibrium as during food supply, a high proportion of nonpolar amino acid exists and the dissolving properties of shortage on it of alkalescence and acidic amino acid also has impact.Meanwhile, Zein is also containing more sulfur-containing amino acid, therefore Zein needs just can be dissolved in moisture alcoholic solution in certain pH value, and Zein will precipitate in the salts solution of lower concentration.Zein is insoluble to anhydrous alcohols, but dissolve in the alcohol solution of 60% ~ 95%, highly basic (pH value >11.5), sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS) high concentration urea and the organic solvent such as propylene glycol and acetic acid can also be dissolved in.
Zein has good film forming characteristics, institute's film forming has certain toughness, and smooth, water-fast, oil resistant, the characteristic such as anticorrosion, there is good potential application foreground in special food, medicine and biodegradable plastic field, there is great commercial value.Therefore, Zein becomes a focus of scientific research in recent years, and the various modifications for Zein emerge in an endless stream.
Mierocrystalline cellulose (Cellulose) be by glucose molecule by β ?1,4 ?glycosidic link connect and formed dextran.Usually containing thousands of glucose unit, be the main component of plant cell wall.Mierocrystalline cellulose is a kind of polysaccharide that occurring in nature distribution is the widest, content is maximum, accounts for more than 50% of vegitabilia's carbon content.Cotton fiber cellulose content, close to 100%, is natural most pure cellulose source.In general timber, Mierocrystalline cellulose accounts for 40 ~ 50%, also has the hemicellulose of 10 ~ 30% and the xylogen of 20 ~ 30%.
Cellulosic characteristic mainly comprises three aspects: (1) solvability: under normal temperature, and Mierocrystalline cellulose is both water insoluble, is insoluble to again general organic solvent, as alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene etc.It is also insoluble in dilute alkaline soln.Therefore, at normal temperatures, it is more stable, this is because there is hydrogen bond action between cellulosic molecule; (2) cellulose hydrolysis: under certain condition, Mierocrystalline cellulose and water react.Oxo bridge fracture during reaction, water molecules adds simultaneously, and Mierocrystalline cellulose becomes short chain molecule by long chain molecule, until oxo bridge complete rupture, becomes glucose; (3) cellulose oxidation: Mierocrystalline cellulose and oxygenant generation chemical reaction, generate the material that a series of and original cellulosic structure is different, such reaction process, is called cellulose oxidation.
Can be found out by cellulosic three characteristics above, Mierocrystalline cellulose is difficult to be dissolved in common solvent, but dissolves in following solution system: (1) NaOH/CS 2solvent system: this produced in conventional processes viscose needs to use CS 2, more serious pollution can be caused to environment, and the production technique of viscose is through chemical transformation, containing objectionable impurities in fiber, produces regenerated cellulose in this way and be eliminated in developed country; (2) cuprammonium (ammonia soln of copper hydroxide) solution: the shortcoming of cuprammonium solvent is unstable, to oxygen and air very responsive.If the existence of aerobic in dissolution process, can make Mierocrystalline cellulose that violent oxidative degradation occurs, the quality of infringement product; (3) amine oxygen compound series: for N ?Jia base Ma Lin ?N ?oxide compound (NMMO), NMMO is very easily oxidized, even can blast, storage and produce in there is certain danger.In addition, NMMO is expensive, and its rate of recovery must be made to have economic worth higher than 99.5% with top, and the fiber obtained holds at high price; (4) NaOH/Urea water solution system: the NaOH/Urea aqueous solution can only carry out at low temperatures to cellulosic dissolving, because temperature is lower, alkali lye is larger to cellulosic swelling action, not only between crystallizing field, and also occurs swelling in inside, crystallizing field.Mierocrystalline cellulose and sodium hydroxide react, and reaction formula is as follows:
[C 6H 7O 2(OH) 3·NaOH]N→[C 6H 7O 2(OH) 2ONa]N+H 2O
[the C generated 6h 7o 2(OH) 3naOH] N and [C 6h 7o 2(OH) 2oNa] can transform mutually between N.Temperature is lower, sodium cellulosate [C 6h 7o 2(OH) 2oNa] N gets over easily ionizable, so Mierocrystalline cellulose easily dissolves at low temperatures.In addition, alkali lye can also destroy hydrogen bond between cellulosic molecule, and urea can hydrogen bond in saboteur in alkali lye, so adding of urea is conducive to promoting cellulosic dissolving.
From the above, Zein has stronger hydrophobicity, can be dissolved in certain density aqueous ethanolic solution, and Cellulose wetting ability is comparatively strong, dissolves in the NaOH/Urea water solution system of finite concentration system, so by both Homogeneous phase mixing to difficulty is larger together.Have pertinent literature to be distributed in Zein solution by Microcrystalline Cellulose, thus form blend, both do not form solution.Therefore, how Zein and Cellulose is dissolved in the solution that an individual system becomes homogeneous, stable, becomes the precondition the two made full use of.
Publication number is that CN101168602A Chinese invention patent application utilizes NaOH/Urea water solution system to prepare mixing solutions containing a small amount of zein, the zein that this application is used and cellulosic weight ratio are 5:5 ~ 0.5:9.5, are to prepare cellulose composite membrane with a small amount of zein.And this technology is thought, zein and cellulosic weight ratio form film higher than being difficult to during 5:5, even if be difficult to film forming when zein and cellulosic weight ratio are 5:5; The film that CN101168602A prepares has good thermostability, mechanical property, and biocompatibility, there is more stable hydrogen bond action between two kinds of mixtures, but due to its content of cellulose more, its degradation property is poor, is difficult to apply in field of medicaments.
Summary of the invention
The mass ratio that the object of the invention is to overcome prior art Zein and Cellulose higher than be difficult to during 1:1 film forming and Zein content relatively high time Zein and Cellulose be difficult to be formed the difficult problem of mixture, there is provided a kind of ratio to be easier to form homogeneous, stable solution or gel, may be used for the method for the zein mixture of the including natural fibers element of field of medicaments.
The present invention's zein used and cellulosic weight ratio are 10:1 ~ 2:1, are to prepare zein mixture with Mierocrystalline cellulose; The present invention utilizes alcohol solution to prepare zein and cellulosic mixing solutions or gel, when alcohol solution add-on is less, mixed system forms gel, along with the increase of alcohol solution add-on, mixed system forms uniform mixing solutions, and viscosity constantly reduces; The hydrophobic performance of Zein is better, and Cellulose hydrophobic performance is poor, and Zein content of the present invention is higher, and Cellulose is only used to modification Zein, and the Zein film made can be used for the field such as medicine, food.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Utilize alcoholic solvent to prepare the method for the zein mixture of including natural fibers element, comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of the alcohol solution of Zein: under room temperature, adds Zein in alcohol solution, stirring and dissolving, and obtained Zein mass percent is the uniform solution A of (2 ~ 15) wt%; The volume percent content of the alcohol of described alcohol solution is 65 ~ 90%, and the alcohol of described alcohol solution is solubilized Zein alcohols;
(2) preparation of Cellulose solution: by Cellulose Zhi Yu ?12 DEG C~?13 DEG C containing in the aqueous solution of (6 ~ 8) %NaOH and (10 ~ 14) wt%Urea, dissolve under the condition that (400 ~ 800) r/min stirs, obtained Cellulose mass percent is the uniform solution B of (0.2 ~ 8) wt%;
(3) preparation of mixing solutions or gel: uniform solution A is added in solution B, control Zein and Cellulose dry weight are than being 10:1 ~ 2:1, Zein and Cellulose accounts for (1.5 ~ 5) % of mixing solutions quality, miscible under (400 ~ 800) r/min agitation condition, obtain homogeneous, stable mixing solutions or gel.
For realizing the object of the invention further, preferably, the alcohol of described alcoholic solvent is ethanol, Virahol or propylene glycol.In step (1), in uniform solution A, the mass percent of Zein is (5 ~ 10) wt%.The speed of step (1) described stirring is (400 ~ 800) r/min.In step (3) mixing solutions or gel, be that 10:1 ~ 5:1, Zein and Cellulose account for 3 ~ 5% of mixing solutions quality by dry weight than Zein:Cellulose.Step (3) is described, and by solution A, the speed added in solution B is 10 ~ 50ml/min.
When Zein is dissolved in alcoholic solvent, the solution formed is not clear solution, and the Zein in ie in solution has suitable amount to be exist with the form of colloid.(1) when alcoholic solvent used in Zein solution is less, the colloid concentration of Zein reaches capacity state substantially, but does not also have Zein crystal to separate out, when adding Zein solution in Cellulose solution, the alcohols be equivalent in Zein solution is diluted, and concentration reduces, and solute Zein separates out in a large number with the form of crystal, and be coupled to each other between Zein molecule or connect with cellulose macromolecule, by Mierocrystalline cellulose, moisture, urea, the materials such as ethanol wrap up, and form gel.Wherein the solubleness of Cellulose in mixing solutions also can reduce because of adding of Zein solution, thus system viscosity is strengthened further; (2) when alcoholic solvent used in Zein solution is more, the colloid concentration of Zein reaches capacity far away state, when adding Zein solution in Cellulose solution, the solubleness of Zein can reduce, Zein molecule can form more colloid in mixing solutions, and the colloid that part has been formed simultaneously can part be separated out, and the viscosity of such system becomes large, but be also unlikely to have crystal precipitation or crystal to separate out less, namely do not reach the degree forming gel.Wherein the solubleness of Cellulose in mixing solutions also can reduce because of adding of Zein solution, thus system viscosity is strengthened further; (3) when alcohol solution used in Zein solution increases further, the solubleness of Zein in mixing solutions reduces limited, and the consumption of Cellulose is less, and Cellulose amount of solution is larger, so although the solubleness reduction of Cellulose may be larger, but be unlikely to Zein and Cellulose in mixing solutions is separated out with the form of crystal, thus make the viscosity of mixing solutions compare further reduction compared with (2).
Zein and the cellulosic weight ratio of prior art (publication number is CN101168602A Chinese invention patent application) are 5:5 ~ 0.5:9.5 film forming, because cellulosic film forming properties is better, toughness and physical strength are comparatively large, and adding of a small amount of zein can the hydrophobic performance of fortifying fibre element film, thermostability and biocompatibility.When the content of zein is higher than 5:5, being just difficult to film forming, is because the fragility of Zein is higher, and the film of formation is easy to fracture.Particularly CN101168602A is that the prior art of representative is thought: zein and cellulosic weight ratio form film higher than being difficult to during 5:5, even if be difficult to film forming when zein and cellulosic weight ratio are 5:5.The present invention utilizes anti-solvent method (as ethanol), makes Zein crystallize out or forms more colloids, strengthening the associativity of Cellulose and Zein, thus form homogeneous, stable solution or gel, for the application expanding Zein further lays the first stone.
Relative to prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention utilizes anti-solvent method (as ethanol), make Zein crystallize out or form more colloids, strengthen the associativity of Cellulose and Zein, thus form homogeneous, stable solution or gel, for the application expanding Zein further lays the first stone.From solvent for use, alcohols compares environmental protection and the material be easy to get, and for ethanol, to the basic fanout free region of human body, and in subsequent disposal, evaporation is very fast, comparatively fast can remove, make its noresidue from solution.
(2) from preparation process, be divided into three steps, and each step is simple to operate, easy.
(3) chemically process, can realize utilizing Cellulose to carry out modification Zein, strengthen its mechanical property, hydrophilicity etc., widen the Application Areas of protein further.
(4) from application prospect, prepare the mixing solutions of the Zein containing Cellulose, directly or by further modification, the mixture of Zein can be used for medicine and food service industry.In pharmaceutical industries, Zein can be used for the slow controlled release of medicine, significantly improves the drug effect phase of medicine in human body; Can be used as gene target medicine, strengthen the result for the treatment of of medicine; Serve as the pharmaceutical carrier making temperature response, pH response, medicine is selectively discharged at different soda acid positions, there is stronger immunotherapy targeted autoantibody effect.In food service industry, can be used as food product pack, by chemistry or physically modified, the resistance oxygen improving Zein film blocks water steam performance, mechanical property etc., thus the validity period of food and extend; Can be used as the additive of food, improve the vividness etc. of food.
(5) from degradation process, Zein and Cellulose is biodegradable, to environment without any pollution.
Embodiment
For better understanding the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be described further, but it should be noted that, the scope of protection of the presently claimed invention is not limited to the scope that embodiment is below stated.
Embodiment 1
The first step: the dehydrated alcohol measuring 8ml with graduated cylinder, pours in 100ml beaker, then measures 2ml high purity water and pour in this beaker, stirs.Taking 0.8gZein pours in this beaker, makes it dissolve at ambient temperature with the stirring velocity of 400r/min, obtained uniform solution A.
Second step: measure 4.5gNaOH with balance, then take 6g urea, the two adds in same beaker, and the high purity water then measuring 39.5ml is poured in this beaker, and stirring and dissolving, to settled solution, exists without object particle.Then this beaker is put into refrigerator, Jiang Wen Zhi ?13 DEG C, take out.Take 0.8gCellulose, pour in this beaker, with the speed stirring and dissolving of 400r/min, until obtain clarifying uniform solution B.
3rd step: under the stirring velocity of 400r/min, pours in uniform solution B by uniform solution A by the rate of addition of 10ml/min, obtains gelling system that is homogeneous, Heat stability is good.
By this gel with coating device uniform spreading on transparency glass plate, can observe this gel basically identical in the transparency at each some place, homogeneity is better; This gel is placed in beaker when being heated to 60 DEG C, the outward appearance of gel and viscosity without noticeable change, Heat stability is good.
Embodiment 2
The first step: the dehydrated alcohol measuring 22.5ml with graduated cylinder, pours in 100ml beaker, then measures 2.5ml high purity water and pour in this beaker, stirs.Taking 1.0gZein pours in this beaker, makes it dissolve at ambient temperature with the stirring velocity of 600r/min, obtained uniform solution A.
Second step: measure 3.5gNaOH with balance, then take 6g urea, the two adds in same beaker, and the high purity water then measuring 40.5ml is poured in this beaker, and stirring and dissolving, to settled solution, exists without object particle.Then this beaker is put into refrigerator, Jiang Wen Zhi ?12 DEG C, take out.Take 0.6gCellulose, pour in this beaker, with the speed stirring and dissolving of 600r/min, until the uniform solution B comparatively clarified.
3rd step: under the stirring velocity of 600r/min, pours in uniform solution B by uniform solution A by 25ml/min, can obtain homogeneous, stable, that viscosity is larger solution system.
This solution is placed in 1cm cuvette, and the shade degree observing whole solution is consistent, more homogeneous; This cuvette is placed 28 days at ambient temperature, and produce without the phenomenon of obvious sediment or layering in solution, the stability of whole system is fine; Under the condition of 15 DEG C, with 1835 these soltion viscosities of type determination of ubbelohde viscometer, be in the kapillary of 0.5mm be 3650 seconds by the time at diameter, system viscosity is very large.
Embodiment 3
The first step: the dehydrated alcohol measuring 24.5ml with graduated cylinder, pours in 100ml beaker, then measures 10.5ml high purity water and pour in this beaker, stirs.Taking 1.0gZein pours in this beaker, makes it dissolve at ambient temperature with the stirring velocity of 800r/min, obtained uniform solution A.
Second step: measure 4.5gNaOH with balance, then take 6g urea, the two adds in same beaker, and the high purity water then measuring 39.5ml is poured in this beaker, and stirring and dissolving, to settled solution, exists without object particle.Then this beaker is put into refrigerator, Jiang Wen Zhi ?13 DEG C, take out.Take 0.4gCellulose, pour in this beaker, with the speed stirring and dissolving of 800r/min, until comparatively clarified, uniform solution B.
3rd step: under the stirring velocity of 800r/min, pours in uniform solution B by uniform solution A by 35ml/min, can obtain homogeneous, more stable, that viscosity is little compared with embodiment 2 solution system.
This solution is placed in 1cm cuvette, and the shade degree observing whole solution is consistent, more homogeneous; This cuvette is placed 18 hours at ambient temperature, and produce without the phenomenon of obvious sediment or layering in solution, more than 18 hours, system had demixing phenomenon to produce; Under the condition of 15 DEG C, with 1835 these soltion viscosities of type determination of ubbelohde viscometer, be in the kapillary of 0.5mm be 2040 seconds by the time at diameter, system viscosity is larger.
In the present embodiment, in its preparation process, more small bubbles are had to generate, admittedly should first centrifugal de-soak or standing de-soak.And because its viscosity is relatively low, admittedly can consider first by its modification.

Claims (6)

1. utilize alcoholic solvent to prepare the method for the zein mixture of including natural fibers element, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) preparation of the alcohol solution of Zein: under room temperature, adds Zein in alcohol solution, stirring and dissolving, and obtained Zein mass percent is the uniform solution A of (2 ~ 15) wt%; The volume percent content of the alcohol of described alcohol solution is 65 ~ 90%, and the alcohol of described alcohol solution is solubilized Zein alcohols;
(2) preparation of Cellulose solution: by Cellulose Zhi Yu ?12 DEG C~?13 DEG C containing in the aqueous solution of (6 ~ 8) %NaOH and (10 ~ 14) wt%Urea, dissolve under the condition that (400 ~ 800) r/min stirs, obtained Cellulose mass percent is the uniform solution B of (0.2 ~ 8) wt%;
(3) preparation of mixing solutions or gel: uniform solution A is added in solution B, control Zein and Cellulose dry weight are than being 10:1 ~ 2:1, Zein and Cellulose accounts for (1.5 ~ 5) % of mixing solutions quality, miscible under (400 ~ 800) r/min agitation condition, obtain homogeneous, stable mixing solutions or gel.
2. the method utilizing alcoholic solvent to prepare the zein mixture of including natural fibers element according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the alcohol of described alcoholic solvent is ethanol, Virahol or propylene glycol.
3. the method utilizing alcoholic solvent to prepare the zein mixture of including natural fibers element according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), in uniform solution A, the mass percent of Zein is (5 ~ 10) wt%.
4. the method utilizing alcoholic solvent to prepare the zein mixture of including natural fibers element according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the speed of step (1) described stirring is (400 ~ 800) r/min.
5. the method utilizing alcoholic solvent to prepare the zein mixture of including natural fibers element according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (3) mixing solutions or gel, be that 10:1 ~ 5:1, Zein and Cellulose account for 3 ~ 5% of mixing solutions quality by dry weight than Zein:Cellulose.
6. the method utilizing alcoholic solvent to prepare the zein mixture of including natural fibers element according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (3) is described, and by solution A, the speed added in solution B is 10 ~ 50ml/min.
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