CN103821826B - A kind of water lubricating rubber stern bearing and design method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of water lubricating rubber stern bearing and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of design method of water lubricating rubber stern bearing: vertically hardness subregion is carried out to traditional strip type water lubricating rubber stern bearing, the rubber bearing bush of traditional strip type water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into multiple region from stern end vertically to head end, increase successively from stern end to the rubber hardness of the regional of head end, and the length in the region of close head end is maximum, to make water lubricating rubber stern bearing adapt to actual loading, improve the contact performance of bearing.Present invention also offers corresponding water lubricating rubber stern bearing.The present invention is according to water lubricating rubber stern bearing Pressure Distribution, whole long stern bearing is divided into the different several regions of hardness, significantly improve the distribution of the compressive stress of water lubricating rubber stern bearing, and effectively circumferentially extended contact area, improves the contact performance of stern bearing on the whole well.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to stern bearing design field in marine shafting, more specifically, relate to a kind of water lubricating rubber stern bearing and design method thereof.
Background technique
Stern bearing is the visual plant of marine shafting, assume responsibility for most of weight of propeller cavitation, is the important ring guaranteeing that marine shafting normally runs.Successively experienced by iron ploughs the stages such as wooden stern bearing, alloy stern bearing, rubber stern bearing to ship stern bearing.Water lubricating rubber stern bearing structure is simple, is convenient to manufacture, installation and maintenance; Adopt water lubrication, the pollution that oil leak causes can not be produced; Have elastoplasticity waterpower lubrication property, burying property of foreign matter, high vibration damping and impact property, the application therefore in boats and ships is more and more extensive.
But also there is certain deficiency in water lubricating rubber stern bearing self.Because stern bearing bears propeller cavitation concentrated load effect, very large pressure born by stern bearing bearing shell, and bearing shell is near the pressure of propeller area much larger than other regions of bearing shell, and bearing shell surface pressure distribution is extremely uneven.Meanwhile, when the slow-speed of revolution of axle system runs, as boats and ships start-stop moment, insufficient owing to lubricating between rubber stern bearing bearing shell and journal surface, there will be dry friction.Uneven pressure distribution, dry friction between stern bearing facings and axle journal can damage rubber bearing bush, affect the performance of marine shafting and produce unnecessary vibration and noise.
Water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into integral rubber stern bearing and strip type rubber stern bearing.When stern bearing diameter is comparatively large, when physical dimension requires higher, normal employing strip type rubber stern bearing.Strip type rubber stern bearing is divided into stern bearing lining and rubber bearing bush two-part.Due to the cantilever action of propeller cavitation gravity, stern bearing pressure distribution has edge effect, reaches maximum, be out of shape also maximum, and successively decrease gradually to head end from maximum value near stern end contact pressure.The operating conditions of stern bearing stern end face is severe, has important impact to the usability of stern bearing and Life cycle.Tradition strip type rubber stern bearing adopts the rubber material of same hardness vertically, and due to the cantilever action of propeller cavitation, pressure distribution is uneven everywhere to cause bearing shell.
Summary of the invention
The present invention for be the defect of tradition unified hardness strip type water lubricating rubber stern bearing, a kind of design method of the distributed hardness according to actual loading situation and processing technology is provided, thus ensureing under the prerequisite that stern bearing rigidity is enough, improve the stress distribution situation of bearing shell, improve its working life, improve its contact performance.Meanwhile, this distributed hardness Design method, can carry out corresponding expansion according to practical situations, is meeting processing technology requirement, when rigidity is enough, can be good at optimizing its contact performance.
To achieve these goals, according to one aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of design method of water lubricating rubber stern bearing, vertically hardness subregion is carried out to traditional strip type water lubricating rubber stern bearing, the rubber bearing bush of traditional strip type water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into multiple region from stern end vertically to head end, increase successively from stern end to the rubber hardness of the regional of head end, and the length in the region of close head end is maximum, to make water lubricating rubber stern bearing adapt to actual loading, improve the contact performance of bearing.
As improvement of the present invention, when the length of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is more than or equal to 1 meter, the rubber bearing bush of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into three regions vertically from stern end to head end, this trizonal length ratio is 0.2:0.2:0.6.
As improvement of the present invention, the rubber bearing bush of described water lubricating rubber stern bearing is respectively 70HA, 75HA, 80HA from stern end to head end three zone hardness vertically.
As improvement of the present invention, when the length of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is less than 1 meter, the rubber bearing bush of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into two regions vertically from stern end to head end, the length ratio in these two regions is 0.4:0.6.
According to another aspect of the present invention, additionally provide a kind of water lubricating rubber stern bearing, the rubber bearing bush of described water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into multiple region from stern end vertically to head end, increase successively from stern end to the rubber hardness of the regional of head end, and the length in the region of close head end is maximum, to make water lubricating rubber stern bearing adapt to actual loading, improve the contact performance of bearing.
As improvement of the present invention, when the length of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is more than or equal to 1 meter, the rubber bearing bush of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into three regions vertically from stern end to head end, and this trizonal length ratio is 0.2:0.2:0.6.
As improvement of the present invention, the rubber bearing bush of described water lubricating rubber stern bearing is respectively 70HA, 75HA, 80HA from stern end to head end three zone hardness vertically.
As improvement of the present invention, when the length of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is less than 1 meter, the rubber bearing bush of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into two regions vertically from stern end to head end, and the length ratio in these two regions is 0.4:0.6.
In general, the present invention is according to water lubricating rubber stern bearing Pressure Distribution, whole long stern bearing is divided into the different several regions of hardness, significantly improve the distribution of the compressive stress of water lubricating rubber stern bearing, and effectively circumferentially extended contact area, improves the contact performance of stern bearing on the whole well.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is traditional strip type water lubricating rubber stern bearing schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 a kind ofly in the embodiment of the present invention carries out the water lubricating rubber stern bearing schematic diagram after hardness subregion;
Fig. 3 is the 1/2 axle system-stern bearing threedimensional model schematic diagram through hardness zoning design;
Fig. 4 is the threedimensional model schematic diagram of the part stern bearing in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the bottom bearing shell distribution of contact curve comparison figure before and after improving;
Fig. 6 is the rubber bearing bush contact distribution map vertically before and after improving;
Fig. 7 is the stern tube shaft vertical deviation figure before and after improving;
Stern tube shaft bottom bearing shell axial displacement figure before and after Fig. 8 improves;
In all of the figs, identical reference character is used for representing identical element or structure, wherein:
1-stern bearing lining 2-rubber bearing bush.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technological scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.In addition, if below in described each mode of execution of the present invention involved technical characteristics do not form conflict each other and just can mutually combine.
According to design method of the present invention, axially carrying out hardness subregion by traditional strip type water lubricating rubber stern bearing.Fig. 1 is traditional strip type water lubricating rubber stern bearing schematic diagram, and Fig. 2 a kind ofly in the embodiment of the present invention carries out the water lubricating rubber stern bearing schematic diagram after hardness subregion.
Water lubricating rubber stern bearing is made up of stern bearing lining 1 and rubber bearing bush 2.Be different from other bearing, water lubricating rubber stern bearing normal length is longer, carries out contacting and bearing pressure with shaft part.Due to the cantilever action of propeller cavitation gravity, the pressure distribution of rubber bush bearing has edge effect, reaches maximum, be out of shape also maximum, and successively decrease gradually to head end from maximum value, present uneven distribution feature near stern end contact pressure.The distinctive uneven distribution of this long stern bearing is for the working life of stern bearing, and contact performance has a great impact.Under usual situation, whole stern bearing rubber adopts a monodrome hardness, consider the uneven distribution characteristic of pressure, we creatively propose, according to its Pressure Distribution, the rubber bearing bush 2 of whole long stern bearing is divided into the different several regions of hardness, to adapt to actual loading, improve the contact performance of bearing.
The impact of the research in comprehensive early stage and processing, technique, cost, when carrying out hardness zoning design to stern bearing, number of partitions and hardness value can with reference to following schemes:
In reference scheme, main consideration hardness subregion effect and stern bearing integral rigidity control to determine partition length ratio and hardness value.As hardness being divided into three regions, according to author's early-stage Study, get region one rubber hardness minimum, region three rubber hardness maximum (usually adopting value during unified hardness).Each region length is vertically also different, for controlling the integral rigidity of stern bearing, make region three length maximum, and the overall length in restricted area one, region two is less than the half of bearing overall length.Normally, when dividing each region, should ensure that the length in the region near head end is maximum, such as, exceeding the half of total length.
Correspondingly, present invention also offers the water lubricating rubber stern bearing according to said method design, described in it, the rubber bearing bush of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into multiple region from stern end vertically to head end, increase successively from stern end to the rubber hardness of the regional of head end, and the length in the region of close head end is maximum.This water lubricating rubber stern bearing adapts to actual loading, improves the contact performance of bearing.
The hardness subregion of this water lubricating rubber stern bearing can design according to the method described above.
Here with a practical application for case is described scheme of the invention.In this example, the length of stern bearing is 1m, is thus divided into the region of three different hardness.The ratio that three regions account for whole bearing length is respectively 0.2,0.2,0.6, and hardness is respectively 70HA, 75HA, 80HA.After utilizing finite element to carry out corresponding calculating, can obtain according to design method of the present invention carry out after bearing touch improvement in performance with improve before contrast.。
Can see from practical application example, after improving according to design method provided by the invention, significantly improve the distribution of the compressive stress of water lubricating rubber stern bearing, and effectively circumferentially extended contact area, although increase the vertical deviation of stern tube shaft to a certain extent, but still within code requirement scope, improve the contact performance of stern bearing on the whole well.
Below for above-mentioned practical application, utilize common finite element computing platform ANSYS to calculate, specific embodiment of the invention process is described and finally improves effect.
1 rubber Mooney-Rivlin model
Rubber bearing bush adopt rubber material, its characteristic is very complicated, belongs to nonlinear material, and the embodiment of the present invention utilizes current application 2 parameter rubber Mooney-Rivlin constitutive equation simulated rubber materials widely, its function of strain as shown in the formula:
ω＝C
10(I
1-3)+C
01(I
2-3)(1)
In formula, ω is the potential energy of strain revised; C
01, C
10for material constant, I
1, I
2for the 1st, the 2nd invariant of stress tensor.
Obtain Mooney-Rivlin constant C
01, C
10method mainly contain experiment and empirical correlation two kinds, do not carrying out under complicated material experiment tests, material constant to be tried to achieve by empirical correlation.Quiet shear modulus due to rubber is that rubber element designs one of the most basic parameter, its hardness with rubber and composition relevant, wherein topmost determinant factor is the hardness of rubber, and for the rubber material that hardness identical component is different, the difference of its value is no more than 10%.Therefore, can, according to rubber hardness, empirical correlation be utilized to determine Mooney-Rivlin cast material constant.
Record the shore hardness H of rubber bearing bush material
a, substituted into following formula:
Young's modulus E and the Mooney-Rivlin model constants of rubber have following relation:
E＝6(C
10+C
01)(3)
Table 1 lists three kinds of rubber hardness C
01/ C
10value, carries out linear fit to its segmentation, can obtain C under each hardness
01/ C
10value.
Rubber material C under table 1 different hardness
01/ C
10value
| Rubber hardness H A | 40 | 60 | 70 |
| C 01/C 10 | 0.102 | 0.06 | 0.035 |
By formula (2), (3) and table 1, calculate Mooney-Rivlin cast material constant C under different rubber hardness
01, C
10, as shown in table 2.
Rubber material Mooney-Rivlin constant under table 2 different hardness
| Rubber hardness H A | C 01/C 10 | C 10(MPa) | C 01(MPa) |
| 40 | 0.102 | 0.2563 | 0.0262 |
| 60 | 0.06 | 0.5685 | 0.0346 |
| 70 | 0.035 | 0.8923 | 0.0312 |
| 73 | 0.0255 | 1.0394 | 0.0265 |
| 75 | 0.0189 | 1.1581 | 0.0218 |
| 78 | 0.0081 | 1.3785 | 0.0112 |
| 80 | 0.00034 | 1.564 | 0.00053 |
2 contact simulation algorithms
Utilize FEM-software ANSYS, between axle system and stern bearing, set up contact relation.Contact relation between axle system with rubber stern bearing belongs to typical three-dimensional surface-face and contacts, in ANSYS finite element software, select 3D face-face osculating element Target170, Contact174, the axle system outer surface choosing rigidity large is target face, and the rubber bearing bush surface that rigidity is little is surface of contact.In order to ensure the accuracy calculated, the contact amount of penetrating produced in FEM (finite element) calculation should be reduced as far as possible, under the prerequisite not producing ill-condition matrix, larger normal contact stiffness coefficient is set, less penetrates tolerance, in the embodiment of the present invention, FKN=10, FTOLN=0.1mm are set.
3 limited element calculation models
1) axle system-stern bearing threedimensional model
Stern bearing rubber bearing bush hardness, length in original design, and after improving, each zone hardness of rubber bearing bush, length are as shown in table 3.
Rubber bearing bush parameters before and after table 3 improves
In statics Analysis, for reducing to calculate duration, according to the symmetry characteristic of axle system-stern bearing system, setting up the original design of longitudinally symmetry plane subdivision and the axle system-stern bearing model after improving respectively, comprising thrust axis, jack shaft, stern tube shaft, stern bearing.After improving, threedimensional model as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4.As stated above, calculate and give rubber bearing bush Mooney-Rivlin constant.
2) unit and grid
Adopt solid element to carry out sweeping division to whole axle system-stern bearing model, set up osculating element on axle system outer surface, rubber bearing bush surface, obtain about 420,000 grid cell [bins altogether, generate about 420,000 nodes.
3) load and retrain
Axle system-stern bearing system bears self gravitation, propeller cavitation and coupling lumped mass, therefore in FEM (finite element) model, applies vertical gravity accleration, hangs oar place and applies propeller mass, apply coupling quality in thrust axis end at stern tube shaft.Apply full displacement constraint in stern bearing sleeve outer surface and hull joint, middle stern bearing, thrust stern bearing base supports position apply freely-supported constraint.
4 result of calculation comparative analyses
Respectively FEM (finite element) calculation is carried out to original design and the axle system-stern bearing system after improving, compared for the bottom rubber bearing bush pressure stress of two models, rubber bearing bush contact, the vertical distortion of stern tube shaft and rubber bearing bush axial deformation.
1) bottom rubber bearing bush contact pressure stress
Due to axle system self structure, stern bearing pressure is very large, and the distribution of the compressive stress of rubber bearing bush is directly connected to the properties of axle system.In each rubber bearing bush, bottom bearing shell stressing conditions is the most severe.Extract the pressure stress of bottom bearing shell, and improvement project and original design are contrasted, as shown in Figure 8.
In original design, from stern end face, in the length of 0 ~ 0.07m vertically, pressure stress rises to 1.68MPa from 0.15MPa, then reduces gradually, is reduced to 0.017MPa to bow end face.
In improvement project, bearing shell maximum crushing stress appears at apart from stern end face 0.23m place, and maximum value is 1.25MPa.In the length of 0 ~ 0.07m, pressure stress rises to 1.21MPa from 0.099MPa.Between 0.07m ~ 0.42m, pressure stress fluctuates between 1.05MPa ~ 1.25MPa, and due to the change of rubber hardness, distribution of the compressive stress creates three crests.From 0.42m to bow end face, pressure stress is decreased to 0.02MPa gradually.
Contrast finds, from stern end face, in the scope of 0.39m vertically, in improvement project, stern bearing stress is less than original design, maximum difference be 0.47MPa. from 0.39m to bow end face, in improvement project, stern bearing stress is greater than original design, and maximum difference is 0.2MPa.Compared with original design, the maximum stress of improvement project reduces 0.43MPa, reduces 25.6% relative to original design.Meanwhile, between 0.07m ~ 0.42m, in improvement project, pressure stress maximum difference is 0.2MPa everywhere, and in original design, maximum difference is 0.46MPa, and the distribution of the compressive stress of improvement project is more even.Data show that improvement project significantly improves the distribution of the compressive stress situation of water lubricating rubber stern bearing.
2) bearing shell contact circumference distribution curve
The stern bearing that the embodiment of the present invention is analyzed has some slat gum bearing shells, and its sectional shape as shown in Figure 1.Because circumferentially present position is different, in the same distance of distance stern end face, each bearing shell pressure also has larger difference.As shown in Figure 5, apart from stern end face 0.23m place, the bearing shell pressure stress of improvement project reaches maximum value.Extract all bearing shells at the surface contact pressure apart from stern end face 0.23m place, with the center of bottom bearing shell for initial point, each bearing shell contact is depicted as curve, as shown in Figure 6.
In original design and improvement project, circumferentially distribution trend is more consistent for stern end contact pressure.Bottom bearing shell pressure is maximum, and successively decreases gradually to both sides.Due to the impact of tank, the contactless pressure in tank position.
Compared with original design, apart from stern end face 0.23m place, improvement project contact maximum value is 1.29MPa, is less than the maximum value 1.43MPa of original design.
In original design, the contact of rubber bearing bush stern end face is mainly distributed within the scope of circumference-43.6 ° ~ 43.6 °.In improvement project, contact is mainly distributed within the scope of circumference-46.5 ° ~ 46.5 °, and compared to original design, stern end contact region circumferentially adds 5.8 °.The increase of contact area, is conducive to the specific pressure reducing stern bearing.
3) the vertical distortion of stern tube shaft
The stern bearing rubber hardness improvement project that the present invention proposes, reduces the rubber hardness of rubber bearing bush regional area, has certain influence to stern bearing rigidity.The reduction of stern bearing rigidity can increase the distortion of stern tube shaft, affects the performance of axle system.Extract the vertical deviation of stern tube shaft, curve plotting, as shown in Figure 7.
In original design and improvement project, the vertical deformation tendency of stern tube shaft is basically identical.Due to the cantilever action of propeller cavitation, axle system stern end is sagging, and deformation values is maximum.Due to the supporting effect of stern bearing, middle stern bearing, in the middle part of stern tube shaft, there is upper arch.Close to middle stern bearing place, stern tube shaft is without vertical distortion.
In original design, the maximum sag of chain of stern tube shaft stern end is 0.93mm, and maximum arch value is 0.145mm.According to each point slope on stern tube shaft vertical deviation curve, obtain stern tube shaft hard-over 0.000608 °, 0.02 ° that requires in " CB/2338-2005 ".
In improvement project, the maximum sag of chain of stern tube shaft stern end is 1.08mm, and maximum arch value is 0.192m.Stern tube shaft hard-over 0.00069 °, adds 0.000082 ° than original design, 0.02 ° that still requires in " CB/Z338-2005 ".
4) rubber bearing bush compressive deformation
Stern bearing rubber bearing bush bar, under propeller cavitation and axle system Action of Gravity Field, produces extrusion-deformation, chooses the bottom bearing shell that compressive deformation is the most violent, draw the axial displacement curve after its compressive deformation, as shown in Figure 8.
In original design and improvement project, bottom bearing shell axial deformation trend is basically identical.The distortion of stern end face axial is maximum, reduces rapidly within the scope of about 0.07m vertically.Because improvement project reduces the hardness of rubber bearing bush part area, rubber bearing bush maximum axial displacement is increased to 1.14mm by the 0.9mm of original design.Meanwhile, each region intersection in improvement project, due to rubber hardness change, causes axial displacement to increase herein, is about 0.02mm.
Can see from above-mentioned practical application, apply hardness partition type design method provided by the present invention, ensure under the prerequisite that stern bearing rigidity is enough, the contact performance of stern bearing can be improved well, meanwhile, in processing technology also and uncomplicated, be simple and easy to realize.In addition, the present invention has good ductility, can according to practical situations, flexible zoning, arranges hardness, thus reaches the object of optimization, with a wide range of applications.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the design method of a water lubricating rubber stern bearing, it is characterized in that, vertically hardness subregion is carried out to traditional strip type water lubricating rubber stern bearing, the rubber bearing bush of traditional strip type water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into multiple region from stern end vertically to head end, increase successively from stern end to the rubber hardness of the regional of head end, and the length in the region of close head end is maximum, adapts to actual loading to make water lubricating rubber stern bearing, improve the contact performance of bearing.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the length of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is more than or equal to 1 meter, the rubber bearing bush of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into three regions vertically from stern end to head end, this trizonal length ratio is 0.2:0.2:0.6.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the rubber bearing bush of described water lubricating rubber stern bearing is respectively 70HA, 75HA, 80HA from stern end to head end three zone hardness vertically.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, when the length of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is less than 1 meter, the rubber bearing bush of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into two regions vertically from stern end to head end, and the length ratio in these two regions is 0.4:0.6.
5. a water lubricating rubber stern bearing, it is characterized in that, the rubber bearing bush of described water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into multiple region from stern end vertically to head end, increase successively from stern end to the rubber hardness of the regional of head end, and the length in the region of close head end is maximum, to make water lubricating rubber stern bearing adapt to actual loading, improve the contact performance of bearing.
6. bearing as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, when the length of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is more than or equal to 1 meter, the rubber bearing bush of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into three regions vertically from stern end to head end, and this trizonal length ratio is 0.2:0.2:0.6.
7. bearing as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the rubber bearing bush of described water lubricating rubber stern bearing is respectively 70HA, 75HA, 80HA from stern end to head end three zone hardness vertically.
8. bearing as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, when the length of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is less than 1 meter, the rubber bearing bush of water lubricating rubber stern bearing is divided into two regions vertically from stern end to head end, and the length ratio in these two regions is 0.4:0.6.
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| CN106351945B (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-11-30 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | It is segmented rubber tilting thrust bearing |
| CN111089793A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2020-05-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber two-parameter constitutive model C10、C01Determination method |
| CN109764063B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2020-05-19 | 中国船舶科学研究中心（中国船舶重工集团公司第七0二研究所） | Water-lubricated bearing with large damping longitudinal differential stiffness for ship |
| CN110296146B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-03-30 | 武汉理工大学 | Broadband damping vibration attenuation modularization water lubricated bearing |
| CN111503142B (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2021-04-16 | 武汉理工大学 | Water lubrication tail bearing with function partition structure |
| CN113027921B (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-10-11 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | Method and device for acquiring pressure distribution of oil film of static and dynamic pressure bearing |
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| JPS60263722A (en) * | 1984-06-09 | 1985-12-27 | Akio Uno | Method of preventing strain of strip in submerged bearing and lock metal |
| US5932049A (en) * | 1996-04-18 | 1999-08-03 | Duramax, Inc. | Method of making a partial arc bearing |
| CN2313097Y (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 1999-04-07 | 何绍宗 | Water-lubricating axle sleeve |
| WO2002016789A1 (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2002-02-28 | Duramax Marine, Llc | Spa super demountable bearing |
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