CN103821507B - Shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method - Google Patents
Shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103821507B CN103821507B CN201410100335.0A CN201410100335A CN103821507B CN 103821507 B CN103821507 B CN 103821507B CN 201410100335 A CN201410100335 A CN 201410100335A CN 103821507 B CN103821507 B CN 103821507B
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Abstract
A kind of shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method, sensor fibre is laid on borehole wall concrete surface by detection route, bottoming and sealing groove is carried out with cementing agent, make sensor fibre and borehole wall concrete synchronous compatible deformation, when shaft wall deforms by pressure of freezing wall, piezometric head and the effect of grouting pressure equal pressure, test vertical is axial and hoop strain value by the borehole wall under ambient pressure effect.Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques is by whole fiber lengths carrying out continuous measurement to the variable quantity along fiber geometries path profile, obtaining the drift value of backward Brillouin scattering light frequency, analyzes the changes in distribution strained around optical fiber.According to the strain value change before and after shaft wall distortion, the non-destructive tests of detection borehole wall distortion, realizes the object detected shaft wall.The method have distributed, precision is high, simple installation and the feature such as with low cost, is applicable to the deformation detection of shaft wall under various construction technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to shaft deformation detection field and based on distributing optical fiber sensing detection technique field, particularly a kind of shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method being applicable to thick alluvium.
Background technology
Shaft wall deformation fracture drastically influence mine safety production.Current shaft wall deformation detection method mainly contains geometric measurement method and sensor measurement method.Detect borehole wall distortion aspect based on geometric measurement method, there is observation time and take pit shaft, observed result inaccuracy and the deficiencies such as borehole wall local pressure situation can not be grasped.Detect borehole wall distortion aspect based on sensor measurement method, mainly adopt the point sensor such as Reinforcement Stress-count, foil gauge, measure the strain value of each point, obtain strain in shaft lining, distribution curve of stress.But traditional point sensor also exists following limitation: (1), due to discontinuous measurement, its testing result cannot the deformation behaviour of overall reflection shaft wall, exists undetected; (2) when electronic devices and components are installed in borehole wall concrete, the junction due to sensor and call wire easily come in contact bad, rupture and make that test point lost efficacy, survival rate is lower; (3) sensor also existing null offset when testing, by problems such as interference of electromagnetic field sensitivity and precision reductions, making test data distortion.
It is a brand-new application that distribution type fiber-optic detection technique based on Brillouin scattering is applied to that shaft wall detects, it is light wave is carrier, optical fiber is medium, continuous measurement can be carried out to the variable quantity along fiber geometries path profile, by analyzing the changes in distribution strained around the frequency shift amount detection fiber of optical fiber backward Brillouin scattering light on whole fiber lengths.Therefore, instant invention overcomes the deficiency existed in existing borehole wall deformation detection, provide a kind of shaft wall detection method based on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the object of the invention is for Problems existing in existing shaft wall test, provides the shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic that a kind of method is simple, easy to operate, testing result is good detection method.
Technical scheme: shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method of the present invention, comprises the steps:
A, at well bore wall prediction of distortion position, excavate many longitudinal flutings and annular groove from top to bottom along shaft of vertical well wall concrete surface, remove groove dust;
B, in longitudinal fluting and annular groove, lay axial sensor fibre and hoop sensor fibre respectively, axial sensor fibre and hoop sensor fibre are interconnected, with cementing agent, filling is carried out to longitudinal fluting and annular groove, make it and borehole wall concrete synchronous compatible deformation; After from top to bottom that optical cable is fixing along borehole wall surface binding from ground, the sensor fibre exposed junction that optical cable lower end is laid in sensor fibre paving location place and the borehole wall carries out welding, weld is set with the metal bellows shielded, and carries out the detection of strain in shaft lining after the BOTDR that optical cable upper end and ground are arranged is connected;
C, the parameter such as test specification, frequency, precision according to the buried depth of shaft wall, testing requirement setting instrument, the strain capacity that setting BOTDR detects the first time borehole wall as initial value, to the borehole wall under ambient pressure effect by the difference of the strain capacity surveyed when axis and circumferential deformation and initial value strain capacity as the additional strain value Δ ε suffered by the borehole wall;
D, when shaft wall is by pressure of freezing wall, when deforming under piezometric head and grouting pressure effect, linear relationship between straining based on Brillouin shift and sensor fibre, the distortion being embedded in axial sensor fibre and hoop sensor fibre in shaft wall is detected in real time by BOTDR, by formula: Z=cT/2n calculates the distance Z of sensor fibre circuit stress point to BOTDR incidence end, in formula: c is the light velocity in vacuum, T/2 sends pulsed light to the half the time interval receiving the Brillouin scattering that optical fiber stress point returns, n is the refraction coefficient of optical fiber, obtain the stress distribution that axial sensor fibre and hoop sensor fibre lay shaft wall in region, determine the locus that the borehole wall is out of shape, and in conjunction with the Stress property that the strain variation abnormality detection borehole wall of the borehole wall is out of shape.
Described many longitudinal flutings along shaft of vertical well wall excavation are uniformly distributed, and are 4 ~ 6.
Described many annular grooves along shaft of vertical well wall excavation have 2 at least, and the spacing distance between annular groove is 0.2 ~ 20m.
Described longitudinal fluting and the width of annular groove are 3mm, the degree of depth is 5mm.
Described sensor fibre employing diameter is the single mode tight tube fiber between 0.9 ~ 2mm.
When borehole wall concrete surface is dry, to the cementing agent that the cementing agent of longitudinal fluting and annular groove filling adopts epoxy resin and thinner to combine, when borehole wall concrete surface is moist, the cementing agent of longitudinal fluting and annular groove filling is adopted to the cementing agent of sodium silicate water glass and cement composition.
Beneficial effect: the present invention is at shaft wall concrete surface excavation groove, sensor fibre is laid on borehole wall concrete surface by detection route, bottoming and sealing groove is carried out with cementing agent, make sensor fibre and borehole wall concrete synchronous compatible deformation, when shaft wall deforms by pressure of freezing wall, piezometric head and the effect of grouting pressure equal pressure, linear relationship between straining according to Brillouin shift and sensor fibre, test vertical is axial and hoop strain value by the borehole wall under ambient pressure effect.By whole fiber lengths carries out continuous measurement to the variable quantity along fiber geometries path profile, obtain the drift value of backward Brillouin scattering light frequency, analyze the changes in distribution strained around optical fiber.According to the strain value change before and after shaft wall distortion, the non-destructive tests of detection borehole wall distortion, effectively can identify the deformation-failure character of shaft wall under ambient pressure effect, realize the detection to shaft wall.The method have distributed, precision is high, simple installation and the feature such as with low cost, be applicable to the deformation detection of shaft wall under various construction technology, there is practicality in the art widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shaft wall distribution type fiber-optic detection arrangement schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is shaft wall axial strain distribution map of the present invention.
In figure: shaft wall 1, axial sensor fibre 2, hoop sensor fibre 3, metal bellows 4, optical cable 5.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are further described:
Shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method of the present invention, step is as follows:
A, at well bore wall prediction of distortion position, excavate many longitudinal flutings and annular groove from top to bottom along shaft of vertical well wall concrete surface, the width of longitudinal fluting and annular groove is 3mm, the degree of depth is 5mm.Wherein: many longitudinal flutings are uniformly distributed, it is 4 ~ 6; Many annular groove has 2 at least, and the spacing distance between annular groove is 0.2 ~ 20m; Groove has been constructed the dust in rear removing groove;
B, in all longitudinal flutings and annular groove, lay axial sensor fibre 2 and hoop sensor fibre 3 respectively, sensor fibre adopts diameter to be single mode tight tube fiber between 0.9 ~ 2mm.Axial sensor fibre 2 and hoop sensor fibre 3 are interconnected, and carry out filling, make it and borehole wall concrete synchronous compatible deformation with cementing agent to longitudinal fluting and annular groove; After from top to bottom that optical cable 5 is fixing along borehole wall surface binding from ground, the sensor fibre exposed junction that optical cable lower end is laid in sensor fibre paving location place and the borehole wall carries out welding, weld is set with the metal bellows 4 shielded, and carries out the detection of strain in shaft lining after the BOTDR that optical cable upper end and ground are arranged is connected;
When borehole wall concrete surface is dry, to the cementing agent that the cementing agent of longitudinal fluting and annular groove filling adopts epoxy resin and thinner to combine;
When borehole wall concrete surface is moist, the cementing agent of longitudinal fluting and annular groove filling is adopted to the cementing agent of sodium silicate water glass and cement composition;
C, before data acquisition according to the parameter such as test specification, frequency, precision of the buried depth of shaft wall, testing requirement setting instrument, the strain capacity that setting BOTDR detects the first time borehole wall as initial value, to the borehole wall under ambient pressure effect by the difference of the strain capacity surveyed when axis and circumferential deformation and initial value strain capacity as the additional strain value Δ ε suffered by the borehole wall;
D, when shaft wall is by pressure of freezing wall, when deforming under piezometric head and grouting pressure effect, linear relationship between straining based on Brillouin shift and sensor fibre, the distortion being embedded in axial sensor fibre 2 and hoop sensor fibre 3 in shaft wall is detected in real time by BOTDR (Brillouin light domain reflectometer), by formula: Z=cT/2n calculates the distance Z of sensor fibre circuit stress point to BOTDR incidence end, in formula: c is the light velocity in vacuum, T/2 sends pulsed light to the half the time interval receiving the Brillouin scattering that optical fiber stress point returns, n is the refraction coefficient of optical fiber, obtain the stress distribution that axial sensor fibre 2 and hoop sensor fibre 3 lay shaft wall in region, determine the locus that the borehole wall is out of shape, and in conjunction with the Stress property that the strain variation abnormality detection borehole wall of the borehole wall is out of shape.
Embodiment 1,
(1) laying method of sensor fibre
See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, according to factors such as borehole wall buried depth, concrete properties and construction environments, selection diameter is the single mode tight tube fiber between 0.9 ~ 2mm, according to borehole wall testing requirement within the scope of vertical well depth, within the scope of shaft wall 1 buried depth in horizontal direction every the axial sensor fibre 2 of 60 ~ 90 degree of layings 4 ~ 6, vertical direction lays hoop sensor fibre 3 within the scope of 0.2 ~ 20m, and is integrated at the top that both intersect and bottom position welding.To when in a certain depth bounds of vertical, the borehole wall carries out deformation detection, from ground 4 ~ 24 core optical cables 5 are transferred to axial sensor fibre 2 paving location along borehole wall surface, and the axial sensor fibre 2 reserved with borehole wall paving location carries out welding, on ground, access BOTDR incidence end is carried out the detection of strain in shaft lining by other end optical cable; For preventing the borehole wall from constructing and the destruction of cage operation to axial sensor fibre 2 in late detection, connecting portion adopts metal bellows 4 parcel to protect.
Borehole wall concrete 1 surface is along the U-shaped groove of the wide about 3mm of optical fiber laying-out cutting, dark about 5mm, and dust out and after laying sensor fibre, uses cementing agent bottoming and filling groove, make it and shaft wall compatible deformation.When borehole wall concrete 1 dry tack free, adopt epoxy resin and thinner composite binder, when borehole wall concrete 1 surface moisture, adopt water glass and Combined concrete cementing agent.
(2) borehole wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method
According to the buried depth of shaft wall, the parameter such as test specification, frequency, precision of testing requirement setting BOTDR instrument, carry out the collection of data afterwards.
Borehole wall Distributed Detection method is: adopt BOTDR Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques to the strain capacity of borehole wall first time test as initial value, when the borehole wall is subject to the difference of strain value and the initial value strain value surveyed when axial and circumferential deformation as the additional strain value suffered by the borehole wall, the time of BOTDR incidence end is turned back to by measuring Brillouin scattering, calculate the distance of optical fiber certain stress point along the line to BOTDR, determine the locus that the borehole wall is out of shape, realize the non-destructive tests of borehole wall distortion in conjunction with additional strain value before and after distortion.
See Fig. 3, sensor fibre is laid by Fig. 1 mode, respectively when within 1 hour, 10 hours, 20 hours, 30 hours, 40 hours, 50 hours, equal time section carries out borehole wall slip casting, adopt the borehole wall axial strain distribution that the detection of BOTDR Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques causes because of grouting pressure.
Claims (6)
1. a shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A, at well bore wall prediction of distortion position, excavate many longitudinal flutings and annular groove from top to bottom along shaft of vertical well wall concrete surface, remove groove dust;
B, in longitudinal fluting and annular groove, lay axial sensor fibre (2) and hoop sensor fibre (3) respectively, axial sensor fibre (2) and hoop sensor fibre (3) are interconnected, with cementing agent, filling is carried out to longitudinal fluting and annular groove, make it and borehole wall concrete synchronous compatible deformation; After from top to bottom that optical cable (5) is fixing along borehole wall surface binding from ground, the sensor fibre exposed junction that optical cable lower end is laid in sensor fibre paving location place and the borehole wall carries out welding, weld is set with the metal bellows (4) shielded, and carries out the detection of strain in shaft lining after the BOTDR that optical cable upper end and ground are arranged is connected;
C, test specification, frequency, precision parameter according to the buried depth of shaft wall, testing requirement setting instrument, the strain capacity that setting BOTDR detects the first time borehole wall as initial value, to the borehole wall under ambient pressure effect by the difference of the strain capacity surveyed when axis and circumferential deformation and initial value strain capacity as the additional strain value Δ ε suffered by the borehole wall;
D, when shaft wall is by pressure of freezing wall, when deforming under piezometric head and grouting pressure effect, linear relationship between straining based on Brillouin shift and sensor fibre, the distortion being embedded in axial sensor fibre (2) and hoop sensor fibre (3) in shaft wall is detected in real time by BOTDR, by formula: Z=cT/2n calculates the distance Z of sensor fibre circuit stress point to BOTDR incidence end, in formula: c is the light velocity in vacuum, T/2 sends pulsed light to the half the time interval receiving the Brillouin scattering that optical fiber stress point returns, n is the refraction coefficient of optical fiber, obtain the stress distribution that axial sensor fibre (2) and hoop sensor fibre (3) lay shaft wall in region, determine the locus that the borehole wall is out of shape, and in conjunction with the Stress property that the strain variation abnormality detection borehole wall of the borehole wall is out of shape.
2., according to the shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described many longitudinal flutings along shaft of vertical well wall excavation are uniformly distributed, and are 4 ~ 6.
3., according to the shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described many annular grooves along shaft of vertical well wall excavation have 2 at least, and the spacing distance between annular groove is 0.2 ~ 20m.
4., according to the shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described longitudinal fluting and the width of annular groove are 3mm, the degree of depth is 5mm.
5. according to the shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sensor fibre employing diameter is the single mode tight tube fiber between 0.9 ~ 2mm.
6. according to the shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: when borehole wall concrete surface is dry, to the cementing agent that the cementing agent of longitudinal fluting and annular groove filling adopts epoxy resin and thinner to combine, when borehole wall concrete surface is moist, the cementing agent of longitudinal fluting and annular groove filling is adopted to the cementing agent of sodium silicate water glass and cement composition.
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| CN104847343B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2018-03-06 | 中国矿业大学 | Shaft wall stability is moved analogue means and the method that change is influenceed by water-bearing layer |
| CN105043449B (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2017-12-01 | 安徽理工大学 | Wall temperature, stress and the distribution type fiber-optic of deformation and its method for embedding are freezed in monitoring |
| CN106248270A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2016-12-21 | 中科院广州电子技术有限公司 | A kind of real-time continuous measures the method and system of STRESS VARIATION |
| CN108627186A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-10-09 | 安徽理工大学 | To the method for fiber optic sensor system and deformation early warning that the borehole wall is monitored |
| CN109239124A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-18 | 安徽理工大学 | The Artificial Frozen Soil and the coefficient experimental rig of the borehole wall and method of various soils |
| CN109443231B (en) * | 2018-12-22 | 2021-05-28 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Stress-free meter based on optical fiber sensing |
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| CN112880583A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-01 | 中国矿业大学 | Early warning method for deformation and damage of bottom plate in inclined shaft grouting process |
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| CN115112485B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-03-31 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Soil strength, deformation characteristic and seepage characteristic integrated detection device |
| CN116007525B (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-06-16 | 石家庄宜中机电技术有限公司 | On-line monitoring device for dense grating of deformation of coal mine shaft wall |
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