CN103821155B - Prefabricating and using method of planting growing building block for ecologically repairing exposed slope - Google Patents
Prefabricating and using method of planting growing building block for ecologically repairing exposed slope Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a prefabricating and using method of a planting growing building block for ecologically repairing an exposed slope. The method comprises the steps of mixing ecologic concrete, sand, crushed stone and water according to a certain proportion, casting, internally arranging plant growing channels, and piling to finally form a netty and continuous channel system which can be filled with green plant growing base materials and distributed with drop irrigation or filtration irrigation pipelines, wherein the plant growing channels can be intersected and communicated among the building blocks. The plant growing piling has the advantages that both the engineering protection action of a traditional mortar rubble method and the ecologic slope fixing and protecting and landscape construction effects of a hanging net soil dressing spraying mixing plant growing method are realized, modular operation and timely greening are realized, the defects of the mortar rubble method and the hanging net soil dressing spraying mixing plant growing method are overcome, the base materials are effectively prevented from sliding and being washed by rainwater, construction and maintenance are facilitated and the like; the plant growing building block can be widely used in the economic repairing and protection of road side slopes, exposed mountain bodies, riverway banks and the like and has a broad application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and a kind ofly plant raw building block for bare slope restoration of the ecosystem, more particularly, relating to a kind of is basic mould material with eco-concrete, sand, rubble, inside establishes and plants raw passage, can modular operation with immediately afforest plant the prefabricated of raw building block and using method.
Background technology
China is the country on many mountains, and mountain region, hills and the more rugged plateau gross area account for 2/3rds of area.Meanwhile, China is the country that geological disaster takes place frequently, and soil erosion area exceedes the half of area.The agricultural development in mountain region and various engineering, as the Large scale construction of highway, railway, water conservancy, mine and industrial civil building etc., can cause a series of environmental problem, wherein the most outstanding is exactly destroy local original vegetation, defines large-scale exposed in various degree damage side slope.The existence of these side slopes further increases the occurrence frequency of soil erosion, landslide, mud-rock flow, also causes the destruction of the deterioration of Partial little climate and the ecosystem, bio-diversity.
For these problems, usually adopted simple engineering protection in the past, as mortar flag stone, spray anchor protection etc., these engineering measures create good protection effect, but have that power consumption is large, cost is high, plants landscape weak effect, the defect such as unsustainable, be difficult at the double goal fundamentally realizing environmental improvement and ecological protection.Based on this, people, in the practice of slope treatment, start the solid slope protection effect paying attention to utilizing plant, carry out vegetation recovery and ecological protection at bare slope.
At present, most widely used the most typical slope ecological recovery technique is linked network soil moved in improve the original spray sowing method.This method utilizes fluid mechanics principle seed, soil moved in improve the original, cementing agent, fertilizer, rice chaff ash, water-loss reducer, turfy soil, grass fiber, wood fiber and water hybrid modulation Cheng Zhisheng base material by a certain percentage, directly being sprayed by spray seeder is attached in side slope, form certain thickness soil moved in improve the original layer, and the one that plant is grown on soil moved in improve the original layer forces greening.This technology plants the fixing attachment of raw base material and fertility thereof, and to continue balancedly supply be successful key.Good plant raw base material should possess certain intensity in case solid attached, protect domatic and opposing rain drop erosion, there is enough void contents and fertility again to ensure plant growth.
This technology comes from Japan, and China introduces correlation technique from late nineteen nineties in last century.At present, the method is extensively promoted the use of in China.In engineering practice during the last ten years, the method is adopted to carry out the restoration of the ecosystem of the bare slopes such as a large amount of road slope, quarry.But, in embody rule process, due to the domatic excavation of part is unreasonable and construction period the reason such as excessive rainfall, the problem that some linked network soil moved in improve the original spray sowing methods itself are difficult to overcome and defect are there is, as: (1) is domatic too precipitous, slope ratio is greater than 1:0.75, and common spray seeding technique is difficult to adhere to base material of sowing grass seeds by duster securely; (2) domatic excavation out-of-flatness, common linked network of sowing grass seeds by duster is difficult to be adjacent to domatic; (3) South China is longer for rainy season, and instantaneous rainfall is comparatively large, has certain difficulty for rainy season construction, washes away serious; (4) supply of domatic attachment base material fertility is not lasting, and vegetation easily degenerates, and is unfavorable for long-term stability growth and the succession of vegetation.The existence of these defects directly has influence on slope stability, solid slope protection effect and ecoscape, and is difficult to be overcome by the technological improvement of method itself.
For this reason, this patent is for traditional slope project protection method---the deficiency that mortar flag stone method and the widest linked network soil moved in improve the original spray sowing method of current application exist, a kind of solid slope protection of ecology and landscape effect that had not only had engineering protection effect that mortar flag stone method has but also had that linked network soil moved in improve the original spray sowing method has are provided, and raw building block can be planted with the eco-concrete of immediately afforesting is prefabricated by modular operation.This is planted raw building block and has and stop base material landing, preventing rain wash, constructability maintenance, have the advantage of engineering protection and ecological protection concurrently, can be widely used in restoration of the ecosystem and the protection such as road slope, exposed hill, bank of river, have a extensive future.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, there is provided that a kind of eco-concrete being applicable to bare slope restoration of the ecosystem is prefabricated plants raw building block, there is advantages such as stoping base material landing, protection against erosion, constructability maintenance, not only there is the engineering protection effect of mortar flag stone but also there is the ecological protection effect of linked network soil moved in improve the original spray sowing.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Planting a raw building block for bare slope restoration of the ecosystem, is in a special mould, carries out casting with eco-concrete, sand, rubble and water after mixing according to a certain percentage, its architectural feature and prefabricated, using method is as follows:
1, whole prefabricated to plant raw building block be cuboid, has 6 regular oblong lateral surface (2).
What between two of cube building block relative faces, 2, arrange a hollow plants raw passage (1), plants that raw passage (1) is rounded, one in rectangle, and the raw passage (1) of 2-3 hedge planting is established in whole building block.
3, when planting raw building block and piling up, plant raw passage (1) and intersect each other in cube building block, mutually through, building block can be formed after piling up one netted, continuous print, can fill afforestation plant growth base material and lay the channel system of pipe for osmotic irrigation.
4, for making this building block have said structure feature, prefabricated when building, first need make a cube mold; This mould has following architectural feature: upper and lower surface hollow, and all the other four sides (8) are mutually locked by loose-leaf (10) and close, and then can open after building during form removal; Four sides (8) outer wall closed all leaves planting hole (9), planting hole (9) is rounded, one in rectangle, with make separable cylinder pattern rod or cuboid module (11) through and form the raw passage (1) of 2 hedge plantings; If the raw passage (1) of 3 hedge plantings need be formed, then first insert 1 cylinder pattern rod or cuboid module (11) from the upper and lower surface of hollow, relatively insert the excellent or cuboid module (11) of the cylinder pattern that is separated from each other from the planting hole (9) of four sides (8) outer wall again and mutually push against, forming dismountable fixing framework.
5, after cube mold fixes, i.e. the material (3) of building of available eco-concrete, rubble, sand, water allotment is cast; Quality of material percentage is: eco-concrete 30 ~ 40%, rubble 10 ~ 30%, sand 20 ~ 30%, water 30 ~ 40%; Pour into a mould after 2 days, take mould apart, any one maintenance in covering non-woven fabrics, straw, wheat stalk 8 ~ 12 days, every 2 days of period is once moistening to overburden watering, to avoid moisture too fast evaporation, building block is ftractureed; As rainy weather, then need not sprinkle water; Maintenance opens overburden after expiring, and stops watering, more air-dry a period of time, can use after whole building block color bleaches.
6, during construction, prefabricated raw building block of planting is piled up along domatic trend, aligns up and down between building block with building block and plant raw passage (1), mutually through; Construct while plant raw passage (1) the inside fill mixture good plant raw base material and program request is tall, filling, grass, rattan, flowering plant seed or transplanting, intercut Qiao, filling, rattan, colored bag seedling.
Involved in the present invention plants raw building block when prefabricated building, and the benefit adopting eco-concrete is that, relative to general concrete, eco-concrete is more suitable for vegetation growth.Reason is as follows:
(1) general concrete alkalescence is comparatively strong, and pH, between 11 ~ 13, makes with this material and plants raw building block, then easily discharges alkalescence and cause to burn and kind burn a seedling, impact growth planting thereafter in raw process; Meanwhile, the base discharged easily fixedly plants the nutrient ions in raw base material, becomes and to state, can not cause base material impoverishment.And eco-concrete is close to neutral, pH between 7.5 ~ 9, then can avoid above-mentioned drawback effectively.
(2) eco-concrete is when solidifying, certain duct can be formed, both can be used as the passage that root system of plant extends, also can be used as the passage of base material moisture, nutrients movement and air circulation, there is good permeability, be conducive to plant growth and build better rhizosphere environment, ordinary concrete does not then possess this characteristic.
(3) eco-concrete and rubble, sand, water etc. are allocated and after solidifying, and except having advantage that other concrete above-mentioned do not possess, also have good intensity, can meet the needs of slope body engineering protection.
Plant raw building block based on said structure feature and the prefabricated of material characteristic, there is following functions feature and beneficial effect:
(1) planting in raw process, building block, after domatic piling up, plants raw passage (1) toward each other, mutually through; Construct while plant raw passage (1) the inside fill mixture good plant raw base material, and program request is tall, filling, grass, rattan, flowering plant seed or transplanting, intercut Qiao, filling, rattan, flower bag seedling, slope greening can be completed fast, within the extremely short time, present good ecoscape, substantially increase greening efficiency.
(2) inner at the slope wall completing construction, building block is planted raw passage (1) and is connected with each other, and all communicates with domatic, not only for planting raw base material filled, consolidate and attachedly provide space, also for root system of plant extension provides passage; Along with plant growth and root system development, after slope plants is longer, the root system of plant is connected mutually by planting raw passage (1), and go deep into domatic in, even enter rock crevice, thus to be domaticly connected as a single entity whole, there is extraordinary protection effect and landscape effect, vegetation coverage is high, and phytobiocoenose easily forms optimum succession and do not degenerate, profitable on ecology.
(3) adopt this to plant raw building block and carry out slope greening, base material is attached to plants in raw passage (1), solves the problem of base material landing that linked network soil moved in improve the original spray sowing often runs into, rain drop erosion well.
(4) this plants the ability that raw building block has fabulous water moisture self restraint and prevents domatic moisture from evaporating, when maintenance is irrigated, water on domatic top or plant infiltrating irrigation in raw passage (1), moisture can infiltrate mutually from planting raw passage (1), few object that just can reach irrigation with water, thus reduce number of times and the quantity of water seasoning, save maintenance cost.
(5) this to plant raw building block fairly regular, very easily construct, and can according to different domatic situations prefabricated a series of specification product, can construction cost be saved, accelerating construction progress.
The good technical scheme of the present invention can be: for slope than the comparatively sty greening between 1:0.75 ~ 1:0.25, the method the same with mortar flag stone method is adopted when constructing, between building block and building block namely, building block and domatic between smear eco-concrete mortar, and reserve and plant raw passage (1).The benefit done like this is, both can meet the requirement of strength that slope engineering protection is higher to building block, have again good ecological protection and landscape effect.
The good technical scheme of the present invention also can be: for slope than milder domatic between 1:1 ~ 1:0.75, adopt clay or between planting soil in-filled block and building block, building block and domatic between gap.The benefit done like this is, both having can be plant growth provides good fertility and root system to extend passage, also can reduce construction cost.
The good technical scheme of the present invention can also be: install drip irrigation or pipe for osmotic irrigation domatic through planting in raw passage (1) mutually, supervisor (6) longitudinally arranges, spacing 5 ~ 8 meters, secondary pipe (7) lateral arrangement, spacing 1 ~ 3 meter, primary and secondary pipe connects in length and breadth alternately; Drip irrigation or pipe for osmotic irrigation can, merely for irrigating, also can be used for using liquid manure, fertile medicine or water-fertilizer-pesticide integration product.The benefit done like this is, without the need to manually watering, applying fertilizer, medication, automatic irrigation maintenance, saves human and material resources greatly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of planting raw building block of the present invention, and it plants raw passage is cylindrical design.In figure: 1 plants raw passage for the column type of planting raw building block; 2 for planting the oblong lateral surface of raw building block; 4 for planting the axis of raw passage; 5, for planting the joint of raw passage, then show as mutually through cavity in actual product.
Fig. 2 cuts shown structural representation open along wantonly two raw passage axis of planting intersected.In figure, 1 for planting raw passage, when building by insert separable cylinder pattern rod or cube module form; 2 for planting the outer wall side of raw building block, and 3 is mould material; 6 is the supervisor of drip irrigation or infiltrating irrigation system; 7 is that drip irrigation or the secondary of infiltrating irrigation system are managed.
Fig. 3 is mould structure schematic diagram of the present invention, in figure: 8 is the four sides of mould, and 9 is planting hole, and 10 is loose-leaf, and 11 is mould rod or module.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in more details.
Example 1: plant the prefabricated of raw building block
As shown in Figure 3, first make cube mold, its structure is: upper and lower surface hollow, and all the other four sides (8) are mutually locked by loose-leaf (10) and close, and then can open after building during form removal; Four sides (8) outer wall closed all leaves planting hole (9), planting hole (9) is rounded, one in rectangle, with make separable cylinder pattern rod or cuboid module (11) through and form the raw passage (1) of 2 hedge plantings; If the raw passage (1) of 3 hedge plantings need be formed, then first insert 1 cylinder pattern rod or cuboid module (11) from the upper and lower surface of hollow, relatively insert the excellent or cuboid module (11) of the cylinder pattern that is separated from each other from the planting hole (9) of four sides (8) outer wall again and mutually push against, forming dismountable fixing framework.The present embodiment all establishes the raw passage (1) of 3 hedge plantings.
In above-mentioned cube mold, cast plant raw building block, as shown in Figure 2, if 3 mutual through column types plant raw passage (1) with the material (3) of building that eco-concrete, sand, rubble and water mix; The quality of material percentage of building material (3) is: eco-concrete 35%, rubble 15%, sand 20%, water 30%.Pour into a mould after 2 days, take mould apart, cover non-woven fabrics maintenance 10 days, every 2 days of period is once moistening to non-woven fabrics watering, to avoid moisture too fast evaporation, building block is ftractureed; Maintenance opens non-woven fabrics after expiring, and stops watering, more air-dry 10 days, whole building block color bleaches, and shows substantially to parch, gives over to for subsequent use.
Above-mentioned raw building block of planting of building has following architectural feature:
As shown in Figure 1, whole to plant raw building block be cuboid-type, has 6 regular oblong lateral surface (2).
What between two of cube building block relative faces, form a hollow plants raw passage (1), plants that raw passage (1) is rounded, one in rectangle, and whole building block forms the raw passage (1) of 3 hedge plantings.
Plant raw passage (1) to intersect each other in cube building block, mutually through, its axis (4) intersect formation joint (5), then show as a cavity in actual product, can be formed after piling up one netted, continuous print channel system.
Example 2: the use of planting raw building block
For the test of certain bare side sloping restoration of the ecosystem of South China and protection.This side slope belongs to strong-weathered rock stoneledge, and slope is than between 1:1 ~ 1:0.25, and one-level slope, slope is high 6 meters, area 12000m
2, adopt of the present invention prefabricated plant raw building block construction.First excavate during construction, smooth, lay a good foundation, then building block is piled up barricade along domatic, build to plant in raw passage fill plant raw base material, plant raw base material preparation in Table-1.
Table-1 plants raw base material preparation material and consumption list
Align up and down between building block with building block and plant raw passage (1), smear jointing with eco-concrete mortar.Slope than between 1:1 ~ 1:0.75 time, plant raw building block and domatic between gap directly fill and plant raw base material; When slope ratio is between 1:0.75 ~ 1:0.25, adopts eco-concrete filled with mortar, fix, until bind.
As shown in Figure 2, plant in raw passage (1) domatic barricade is mutually through, arrange drip irrigation or pipe for osmotic irrigation, supervisor (6) longitudinally arranges, spacing 6 meters; Secondary pipe (7) lateral arrangement, spacing 2 meters, primary and secondary pipe connects in length and breadth alternately.
Filled out the vegetable seeds of planting the interior program request plant of raw passage (1) of planting raw base material to domatic barricade and intercutted a bag seedling, namely whole afforestation project construction has accused.Vegetable seeds and the configuration of bag seedling are in Table-2.
Table-2 plants configuration lists
Construct in latter 3 months, chance dry weather is then opened droping irrigating pipe switch every day and is irrigated 1 hour; Rainy day or wet weather are not then irrigated.After three months, irrigate depending on antecedent soil moisture degree in good time.
This engineering integrates engineering protection, ecological protection and Afforestation Landscape, vegetation recovery and Landscape construction are very rapid, within 30 days, namely realize slope vegetation to cover more than 60%, 60 days and cover in more than 90%, 1 year and realize all standing, after 2 years, vegetation is tending towards near-nature forest growth, substantially, do not see the vestige of domatic artificial wound and reparation, really achieve and three seasons had flower, evergreen all the year round, present good bio-diversity and stratification of landscapes, ecological benefits are good.
Claims (4)
1. plant the prefabricated and using method of raw building block for bare slope restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterized in that, this plants raw building block is in a special mould, carries out casting with eco-concrete, sand, rubble and water after mixing according to a certain percentage, its architectural feature and prefabricated, using method is as follows:
(1), whole prefabricated to plant raw building block be cuboid, has 6 regular oblong lateral surface (2);
(2), a hollow is set between two of cube building block relative faces plant raw passage (1), plant that raw passage (1) is rounded, one in rectangle, the raw passage (1) of 2-3 hedge planting is established in whole building block;
(3), when planting raw building block and piling up, plant raw passage (1) and intersect each other in cube building block, mutually through, building block can be formed after piling up one netted, continuous print, can fill afforestation plant growth base material and lay the channel system of pipe for osmotic irrigation;
(4), for making this building block have said structure feature, prefabricated when building, first need make a cube mold; This mould has following architectural feature: upper and lower surface hollow, and all the other four sides (8) are mutually locked by loose-leaf (10) and close, and then can open after building during form removal; Four sides (8) outer wall closed all leaves planting hole (9), planting hole (9) is rounded, one in rectangle, with make separable cylinder pattern rod or cuboid module (11) through and form the raw passage (1) of 2 hedge plantings; If the raw passage (1) of 3 hedge plantings need be formed, then first insert 1 cylinder pattern rod or cuboid module (11) from the upper and lower surface of hollow, relatively insert the excellent or cuboid module (11) of the cylinder pattern that is separated from each other from the planting hole (9) of four sides (8) outer wall again and mutually push against, forming dismountable fixing framework;
(5), after cube mold fixes, i.e. the material (3) of building of available eco-concrete, rubble, sand, water allotment is cast; Quality of material percentage is: eco-concrete 30 ~ 40%, rubble 10 ~ 30%, sand 20 ~ 30%, water 30 ~ 40%; Pour into a mould after 2 days, take mould apart, any one maintenance in covering non-woven fabrics, straw, wheat stalk 8 ~ 12 days, every 2 days of period is once moistening to overburden watering, to avoid moisture too fast evaporation, building block is ftractureed; As rainy weather, then need not sprinkle water; Maintenance opens overburden after expiring, and stops watering, more air-dry a period of time, can use after whole building block color bleaches;
(6), construction time, prefabricated raw building block of planting is piled up along domatic trend, aligns up and down between building block with building block and plant raw passage (1), mutually through; Construct while plant raw passage (1) the inside fill mixture good plant raw base material and program request is tall, filling, grass, rattan, flowering plant seed or transplanting, intercut Qiao, filling, rattan, colored bag seedling.
2. according to claim 1ly plant the prefabricated and using method of raw building block for bare slope restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterized in that, for slope than the comparatively sty greening between 1:0.75 ~ 1:0.25, the method the same with mortar flag stone method is adopted when constructing, between building block and building block namely, building block and domatic between smear eco-concrete mortar, and reserve and plant raw passage (1).
3. according to claim 1ly plant the prefabricated and using method of raw building block for bare slope restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterized in that, for slope than milder domatic between 1:1 ~ 1:0.75, adopt clay or between planting soil in-filled block and building block, building block and domatic between gap.
4. according to claim 1ly plant the prefabricated and using method of raw building block for bare slope restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterized in that, domatic through planting in raw passage (1) mutually, drip irrigation or pipe for osmotic irrigation are installed, supervisor (6) longitudinally arranges, spacing 5 ~ 8 meters, secondary pipe (7) lateral arrangement, spacing 1 ~ 3 meter, primary and secondary pipe connects in length and breadth alternately; Drip irrigation or pipe for osmotic irrigation can, merely for irrigating, also can be used for using liquid manure, fertile medicine or water-fertilizer-pesticide integration product.
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| CN105421486B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-04-05 | 无锡市水利设计研究院有限公司 | Assembly concrete tubulose building block ecology retaining wall and its construction method |
| CN105544598B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-10-03 | 过杰 | Assembly concrete tubulose building block ecology retaining wall |
| CN106564116B (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-11-30 | 浙江科技学院（浙江中德科技促进中心） | A kind of integrally formed production method of anastomotic structures face upper lower burrs |
| CN106759110A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-05-31 | 俞宗邑 | The barricade and the construction method of barricade of a kind of three-dimensional six faces through hole planting and growing block and its composition |
| CN108277715A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-07-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | Road pavement prefabricated component and paving structure for protecting ancient tree and laying method |
| CN109644748A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-04-19 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of assembly type vertical planting protective slope structure and its application method |
| CN115288161B (en) * | 2022-07-23 | 2024-02-20 | 福州市建筑设计院有限责任公司 | Ecological slope protection pouring die |
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| CN2127402Y (en) * | 1992-01-13 | 1993-02-24 | 陈焕武 | Hollow concrete tenon-connecting block |
| EP1019581A1 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-07-19 | Ki Soo Han | Cubic frame type block and apparatus and method for manufacturing the same |
| DE10050908A1 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-18 | Sf Koop Gmbh Beton Konzepte | Shaped concrete brick, especially for walls, has angled side surfaces to decrease the cross section surface upwards, and with surface structures to resemble natural rock |
| JP2004068487A (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-03-04 | Jfe Metal Products & Engineering Inc | Earth retaining wall made of steel |
| DE10241238B4 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2007-09-27 | Kobra Formen Gmbh | Mold insert for molding machines |
| KR101285293B1 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2013-07-11 | 이종찬 | molding apparatus of vegetation revetment block |
| CN102900087B (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2014-12-17 | *** | Slope protection mold for cast-in-place ecological slope protection |
| CN103046559A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-04-17 | 王文斌 | Built-in steel reinforcement framework chain protection concrete block |
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