CN103819045A - Wastewater reuse method combining magnetic loading coagulation clarification and membrane separation - Google Patents
Wastewater reuse method combining magnetic loading coagulation clarification and membrane separation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wastewater reuse method combining magnetic loading coagulation clarification and membrane separation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) a coagulant is added into a reaction tank to form small flocs; (2) the small flocs enter a loading and mixing tank to generate magnetic coagulation cores with magnetic carriers; (3) after the magnetic coagulation cores enter a flocculation tank, a flocculant is added to generate large-particle magnetic floccules; (4) after the magnetic floccules are stirred and dispersed strongly by a high-speed dispersion machine, magnetic carriers which are recycled via a magnetic drum separator return to the step (2), supernatant liquor enters a middle water tank via the collection by a water collecting pipe, after being pressurized by a water pump, the supernatant liquor enters membrane separating equipment for fine filtration, and filtered water is discharged for reusing. The method is used for removing particulate matters, colloid and a part of dissolved organic matters in advance before membrane filtration, so that membrane pollution degrees can be effectively avoided or reduced, and the cleaning period and the service life of membrane components are increased. The method can be used for the resource reutilization of the wastewater in industries of printing and dyeing, electroplating, paper-making and the like, as well as the upgrading and reconstruction and the tail water reuse of sewage treatment plants.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental technology field, be specifically related to the waste water recycling method that magnetic loading coagulation clarification pretreatment technology and membrane sepn combine.
Background technology
Shortage of water resources and water environment pollution are the current great environmental problem facing of China, to after waste water advanced processing, be back to production system or life is used mixedly, both valuable Freshwater resources can have effectively been saved and utilize, can reduce again the quantity discharged of sewage or waste water, alleviate the pollution of water surrounding, there is obvious social benefit, environmental benefit and economic benefit.Waste water recycling has three kinds of patterns conventionally, coagulation-precipitation-filtration, coagulation-air supporting-filtration and membrane sepn, and stable effluent quality, good filtration effect after membrane sepn, represented the future thrust of waste water recycling.
Membrane sepn process is carried out at normal temperatures, without phase transformation, it is a kind of isolation of purified technology efficiently, there is energy consumption low, equipment is simple and easy to operate, the feature of high efficiency, suspended particle in can steady removal water, pathogenic bacteria, various dissolved organic matters and inorganics etc., membrane filtration has been widely used in drink water purifying, sewage disposal, food-processing, medicine and other fields, the maximum restraining factors that application of membrane separation technology exists are at present membrane pollution problems, film pollutes normally due to the particulate in feed liquid, colloidal particle or solute macromole and the Physicochemical interaction of film existence or mechanical effect and cause on film surface or fenestra internal adsorption, deposition, cause fenestra to diminish or stop up, film is produced and see through the phenomenon that flow and stalling characteristic weaken.Film pollutes and causes the decline of Membrane Filtration Flux and the shortening in film work-ing life, thereby increases the operation and maintenance expense of film.
Thereby film pollutes the key that becomes restriction application of membrane and operation, how effectively to solve the key that film pollution is membrane filtration operation success or failure.The method of controlling at present high-pressure membrane pollution is divided into three kinds substantially, and the one, the part physicochemical property of change charging; The 2nd, change operating method; The 3rd, the film having polluted is cleaned.Conventionally adopt activated charcoal filter or ion exchange resin to remove larger molecular organics or the salt in water to pre-treatment before the high-pressure membrane such as nanofiltration and reverse osmosis at present, this pretreatment technology cost is higher, activated charcoal filter and ion exchange resin need routine cleaning or regeneration simultaneously, operating process is comparatively complicated, and working cost is higher.Coagulation is as materialization treatment process the most frequently used in water treatment, coagulation process can change particulate matter surface electrical behavior, reduce the electrical absorption of suspended particle on film surface, thereby, coagulation as membrane sepn before pre-treatment can avoid cake layer close attachment on film surface, reduce membrane filtration cake layer resistance and concentration polarization resistance, improve membrane flux.
On traditional coagulation-settlement process basis, magnetic loads the high efficient solid and liquid separation technology that coagulation clarification is the research of recent domestic recent development, this technique is to accelerate on clarification technique basis at contact flocculation, a kind of new and effective solid-liquid separation technique of applying flocculation morphology theory of proposition.Its principle be mainly by add appropriate proportion larger add supporting agent (pump around circuit mud, quartz sand, magnetic etc.), make it to form fine and close " the solidifying core " with colloid performance in mixing and flocculation process, solidifying endorsing with strong adsorption volume swept the fine particle in water, between each in settling process " solidifying core ", collision is condensed into larger fine and close floc sedimentation and sinks fast mutually, thereby realize high speed solid-liquid separation, thereby shorten the residence time of mud at settling tank, due to the probability of collision having increased between particle that adds of a large amount of loading particles, can save the dosage of medicament.
Magnetic Separation of Water treatment technology has that technique is simple, efficient, the feature of non-secondary pollution, is improving water treatment procedure efficiency and is improving process aspect and obtained large development in recent years.As the patent of invention of U.S.Pat.NO6099738 discloses a kind of by water body, premagnetization strengthens dissolved organic matter by the method for coagulating agent precipitation removal ability, make colloidal solid de-steady by dosing coagulant, and and then add magnetic kind and flocculation agent, after precipitate and separate, supernatant liquor is utilized to the electromagnetic filter residual contaminants floc sedimentation in water that dams efficiently, and magnetic kind is reclaimed with magnetic drum separator cycling and reutilization after treatment.
Application number is that 201010593729.6 patent of invention discloses a kind of magnetization-membrane filter appts, its structure is made up of magnetization unit, membrane filter unit, water inlet/water circulating pump and supporting pipeline, bilayer structure and circulation line by inner and outer sleeves have effectively guaranteed the magnetization effect to former water, and have improved performance and the cleaning performance of membrane filtration by the combination of membrane filter unit and permanent magnet.
Application number is that 201210306371.3 patent of invention discloses high gradient magnetic separator and controlled the method that high-pressure membrane surface inorganic pollutes, rearrange effective magnetic conduction gap by multipair permanent magnet, and in gap, fill magnetic stainless steel hair, can on steel wool, form high-gradient magnetic field, and the inorganic scaling that utilizes scale-forming ion form in the specific change high-pressure membrane water inlet of the magnetization of high-gradient magnetic field to carry out controlling diaphragm pollutes.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the waste water recycling method that a kind of magnetic loads coagulation clarification and membrane sepn combination, solved before current membrane sepn that pretreatment technology is low to dissolubility pollutant clearance in water, the high problem of investment running cost.
Magnetic loads a waste water recycling method for coagulation clarification and membrane sepn combination, comprises the steps:
Comprise the steps:
(1), in reaction tank, to dosing coagulant in waste water, be uniformly mixed the tiny flco of formation;
(2) in step (1), the waste water of the tiny flco of generation enters the fine and close solidifying core of the magnetic with colloid performance of magnetic carrier generation that loads mixing pit and magnetic Separation and Recovery;
(3) waste water that produces the solidifying core of magnetic in step (2) adds polymeric flocculant entering after flocculation basin, build bridge and net is caught the fine particle that the solidifying core absorption of effect magnetic volume sweeps in water and generated macrobead magnetic floc sedimentation at polymeric flocculant;
(4) the magnetic floc sedimentation producing in step (3) sinks to entering sludge bucket after mutually colliding in tube settler and being condensed into fine and close floc sedimentation fast, and the magnetic carrier that the magnetic floc sedimentation in sludge bucket reclaims through magnetic drum separating machine after high speed dispersor strong stirring disperses returns to step (2); Supernatant liquor enters intermediate pool after header is collected, and enters after membrane separation plant fine filtering water outlet for reuse after water pump supercharging.
The new and effective solid-liquid separation technique of the present invention's application flocculation morphology theory, its principle is mainly the magnetic carrier larger by circulating proportion, make it to form fine and close " the solidifying core " with colloid performance in mixing and flocculation process, solidifying endorsing with strong adsorption volume swept the fine particle in water, between each in settling process " solidifying core ", collision is condensed into larger fine and close floc sedimentation and sinks fast mutually, thereby realizes high speed solid-liquid separation.
Magnetic loads coagulation magnetic separating clarifying technique by reaction tank, load mixing pit, flocculation basin and tube settler composition, first waste water promote and enter reaction tank through pump, dosing coagulant in reaction tank, in reaction tank, be that under 60-80r/min, stirring reaction enters loading mixing pit after producing tiny flco by double-layer paddle formula stirrer at rotating speed, above loading mixing pit, high speed dispersor and magnetic drum separating machine are housed, carry out magnetic Separation and Recovery magnetic carrier, when being deposited on magnetic sludge in sludge bucket after spiral pump enters high speed dispersor, the desorption of magnetic carrier and mud granule make mud under high speed dispersor strong shear dissemination in, then through the magnetic drum of magnetic drum separating machine by magnetic carrier in mud utilize permanent magnetic Separation and Recovery out circulating to loading mixing pit, the mass concentration that loads magnetic carrier in mixing pit is 1-3 kg/tonne of water, be under 40-50r/min under whipped state by individual layer frame type stirring machine at rotating speed, the magnetic carrier of tiny flco and circulating generates the solidifying core of the fine and close magnetic with colloid performance.
After this, in flocculation basin, add the polyacrylamide flocculant of 1-3 gram of/ton of water, under double-deck frame type stirring machine 20-30r/min low rate mixing, catch at the bridge formation of flocculation agent long chain molecule charged group and net the fine particle that under effect, the solidifying core absorption of magnetic volume is swept in water and generate macrobead magnetic floc sedimentation, then evenly flow into through tube settler and be deposited on sludge bucket through water distributor, supernatant liquor enters intermediate pool after header is collected, according to reuse water end-use and water quality requirement, after water pump supercharging, enter membrane separation plant fine filtering separate after further to remove residual particles and the organism of waste water, water outlet is to meet the water-quality guideline of corresponding reuse water, concentrate recirculation after nanofiltration or ultrafiltration is to reaction tank.
As preferably, described coagulating agent is polymerize aluminum chloride, bodied ferric sulfate or aluminium iron polychloride, and dosage is 30-500mg/L, in every liter of waste water, adds 30-500mg; Further preferably, described coagulating agent is polymerize aluminum chloride, and dosage is 80-300mg/L.As preferably, described magnetic carrier is magnetite powder, iron scale or iron powder, and its granularity is at 200-350 order.
Most preferred technical scheme, the stirring of described reaction tank adopts double-layer paddle formula stirrer, and rotating speed is 60-80r/min; The stirring of described loading mixing pit adopts individual layer frame type stirring machine, and rotating speed is 40-50r/min; The stirring of described flocculation basin adopts double-deck frame type stirring machine, and rotating speed is 20-30r/min; Described coagulating agent is polymerize aluminum chloride, and dosage is 80-300mg/L; Described magnetic carrier is magnetite powder, iron scale or iron powder, and its granularity is at 200-350 order.
Repeatedly prove through great many of experiments, under the combination of above-mentioned optimum condition, the treatment effect of magnetic loading coagulation clarification is better, and the removal of Pollutants in Wastewater is more thorough, enters the pollution level minimum to film in membrane separation plant through the pretreated waste water of above-mentioned preferably combination condition.
As preferably, described membrane separation plant is hyperfiltration membrane assembly, reverse osmosis membrane assembly, ultrafiltration-nanofiltration membrane system, ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis membrane system or membrane bioreactor.With regard to membrane separation plant, originally as conventional membrane separation plant of the prior art, the treatment process in membrane separation plant also adopts the common process of the art.
Than pretreatment technology such as sand filtration before conventional film separating system, multi-medium filtering and activated carbon filtrations, magnetic loads that coagulation clarification technique is swept by coagulation, absorption, volume in coagulating sedimentation sepn process and suspended substance tiny in water or deliquescent pollutent precipitate and separate are got off in the effect of the precipitation of reuniting.Simultaneously by also playing the effect to magnetic weakly magnetization to precipitating magnetic in rear mud through magnetic drum separating machine recovery circulating, magnetic by weakly magnetization contacts with sewage, can make water molecules polarity increase, the zwitterion of the salt in water will be surrounded and make it to be difficult for motion by water dipole, suppress calcium, magnesium etc. are separating out of scale-forming ion easily, in addition, low-intensity magnetic field has restraining effect to a certain degree to bacterium and microbial growth, thereby, not only can effectively remove particulate matter and dissolved organic matter by loading after process in coagulation magnetic separating clarifying pond, effect by low-intensity magnetic field also can slow down calcium, the film that magnesium ion and microorganism cause pollutes.
Compared with pretreatment technology before existing membrane sepn, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Magnetic of the present invention loads the waste water recycling method of coagulation clarification and membrane sepn combination, the magnetic sludge sedimentation speed that magnetic loads coagulation clarification technique can arrive 8-15m/h, settling rate is about 10 times of conventional settling tank, hydraulic retention is short, reaction and clarified separation time are no more than 20min, and floor space is about the 1/4-1/2 of common settling tank.Load the mud flco that magnetic carrier produces closely knit, magnetic sludge floc sedimentation sludge volume index SV30 is about the 1/3-1/2 of mud SV30 after common coagulating sedimentation, can save coagulating agent 10-25%, reduces running cost 20%.Magnetic loads coagulation clarification technique and can remove particulate matter, colloid and be partly dissolved organic matter for pre-treatment before membrane filtration, can effectively avoid or reduce film pollution level, improves cleaning interval and the work-ing life of membrane module.
The present invention adopts magnetic to load the waste water recycling method of coagulation clarification and membrane sepn combination, can improve the clearance of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater through the pretreated waste water of magnetic loading coagulation clarification, effectively avoid or reduce film pollution level, improve cleaning life-span and the work-ing life of membrane module, reduce membrane treatment process running cost; The waste water that membrane treatment process loads after coagulation clarification magnetic carries out further advanced treatment, more thorough to the treatment effect of waste water, and two kinds of techniques influence each other, mutually work in coordination with, and jointly improve the treatment effect of waste water, reduce the cost of wastewater treatment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sectional structure chart that magnetic loads coagulation clarification pond.
Fig. 2 is the plane structure chart that magnetic loads coagulation clarification pond.
Fig. 3 is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
The pretreated object of membrane separation process is mainly to remove dissolubility pollutant in water, the generation of decelerating membrane pollution, magnetic loads coagulation clarification technique and sweeps with the effect of stratification precipitation suspended substance tiny in sewage or deliquescent pollutent precipitate and separate to get off by absorption in coagulating sedimentation sepn process, volume, by also playing the effect to magnetic weakly magnetization to precipitating magnetic carrier circulating after magnetic drum separating machine reclaims in rear mud, slowed down the film pollution that calcium, magnesium ion and microorganism cause simultaneously.
The principle that magnetic loads coagulation clarification technique is the magnetic carrier larger by circulating proportion, make it to form fine and close " the solidifying core " with colloid performance in mixing and flocculation process, solidifying endorsing with strong adsorption volume swept the fine particle in water, between each in settling process " solidifying core ", collision is condensed into larger fine and close floc sedimentation and sinks fast mutually, thereby realizes high speed solid-liquid separation.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, magnetic loads coagulation magnetic separating clarifying device and is made up of reaction tank 1, loading mixing pit 2, flocculation basin 3 and tube settler 4, as shown in Figure 3, first waste water promote and enter reaction tank 1 through pump, at the interior dosing coagulant 30-500mg/L of reaction tank 1, in reaction tank 1, be that under 60-80r/min, stirring reaction enters loading mixing pit 2 after producing tiny flco by double-layer paddle formula stirrer 5 at rotating speed.
Above loading mixing pit 2, high speed dispersor 10 and magnetic drum separating machine 11 are housed, when being deposited on magnetic sludge in sludge bucket 10 after spiral pump enters high speed dispersor 10, magnetic carrier and mud granule desorption make mud under high speed dispersor 10 teeth dispersion impeller 960r/min rotating speed strong shear disseminations in, then through the magnetic drum of magnetic drum separating machine 11 by magnetic carrier in mud utilize permanent magnetic Separation and Recovery out circulating to loading mixing pit 2, the mass concentration that loads magnetic carrier in mixing pit 2 is 1-3 kg/tonne of water, be under 40-50r/min under whipped state by individual layer frame type stirring machine 6 at rotating speed, tiny flco generates the solidifying core of the fine and close magnetic with colloid performance with the magnetic carrier that circulation is reclaimed.
In flocculation basin 3, add the polyacrylamide flocculant of 1-3 gram of/ton of water, be under 20-30r/min low rate mixing at double-deck frame type stirring machine 7 rotating speeds, catch at the bridge formation of flocculation agent long chain molecule charged group and net the fine particle that under effect, the solidifying core absorption of magnetic volume is swept in water and generate macrobead magnetic floc sedimentation, then evenly flow into through tube settler through water distributor 8, magnetic sludge floc sedimentation enters sludge bucket 10, clear water enters intermediate pool after further holding back fine particle thing by inclined tube 9 after header is collected, according to reuse water end-use and water quality requirement, through water pump supercharging laggard enter hyperfiltration membrane assembly, reverse osmosis membrane assembly, ultrafiltration-nanofiltration membrane system, ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis membrane system or membrane bioreactor, after membrane sepn further to remove residual particles and the organism of waste water, water outlet is to meet the water-quality guideline of corresponding reuse water, concentrate recirculation after nanofiltration or ultrafiltration is to reaction tank, the equipment and process of membrane sepn section adopts conventional equipment and technique ripe in prior art.
After certain printing and dyeing mill's biochemical treatment, the waste water water yield is 2000 tons/day, and COD is 191mg/L, and turbidity is 19.38NTU, and suspended substance is 70mg/L, and iron ion is 0.78mg/L.
Waste water promotes and enters reaction tank through impeller pump, in reaction tank, add polymerize aluminum chloride coagulating agent 80mg/L, be to generate tiny flco under 73r/min stirs at reaction tank double-layer paddle formula stirrer rotating speed, load waste water in mixing pit and mix the individual layer frame type stirring machine that adopts, rotating speed is 43r/min, and the magnetite powder that the tiny flco producing in reaction tank and magnetic drum separating machine reclaim generates the solidifying core of the fine and close magnetic with colloid performance under waterpower mixing velocity gradient effect.
In flocculation basin, add the polyacrylamide flocculant of 2 grams of/ton of water and generating macrobead magnetic floc sedimentation under double-deck frame type stirring machine 20-30r/min low rate mixing, then evenly flow into magnetic sludge floc sedimentation after tube settler through water distributor and enter sludge bucket, magnetic sludge generation is 8% of wastewater flow rate, be deposited on magnetic sludge in sludge bucket after spiral pump enters high speed dispersor, high speed dispersor adopts tooth type dispersion impeller, rotating speed is 960r/min, under high shear, make the desorption of magnetite powder and mud granule in mud, then after the magnetic drum of magnetic drum separating machine utilizes permanent magnetic Separation and Recovery out magnetite powder in mud, circulating arrives and loads mixing pit, the rate of recovery of magnetite powder is 98.5%, the granularity that loads magnetite powder in mixing pit is about 300 orders, mass concentration is 3 kgs/tonne of water.
The surface precipitation load of tube settler reaches 8.5m/h, supernatant liquor enters intermediate pool after header is collected, through water pump supercharging laggard enter after ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis membrane assembly fine filtering water outlet COD be 12mg/L, turbidity is 0.2NTU, suspended substance is 2mg/L, iron ion is 0.05mg/L, water outlet meet that enterprise is cleaned and the process section such as dye cloth to water quality requirement, can be back to enterprise's water of productive use.
Certain municipal sewage plant influent COD average out to 350mg/L, suspended substance average out to 310mg/L, total phosphorus average out to 6.8mg/L.
Waste water enters reaction tank through promoting, in reaction tank, add polymerize aluminum chloride coagulating agent 300mg/L, be to generate tiny flco under 85r/min stirs at reaction tank double-layer paddle formula stirrer rotating speed, load waste water in mixing pit and mix the individual layer frame type stirring machine that adopts, rotating speed is 37r/min, and the magnetite powder that the tiny flco producing in reaction tank and magnetic drum separating machine reclaim generates the solidifying core of the fine and close magnetic with colloid performance under waterpower mixing velocity gradient effect.
In flocculation basin, add the polyacrylamide flocculant of 3 grams of/ton of water and generating macrobead magnetic floc sedimentation under double-deck frame type stirring machine 15r/min low rate mixing, then evenly flow into after tube settler through water distributor, magnetic sludge floc sedimentation enters sludge bucket, magnetic sludge generation is 13% of wastewater flow rate, be deposited on magnetic sludge in sludge bucket after spiral pump enters high speed dispersor, high speed dispersor adopts tooth type dispersion impeller, rotating speed is 1200r/min, under high shear, make the desorption of magnetite powder and mud granule in mud, then through the magnetic drum of magnetic drum separating machine by magnetite powder in mud utilize permanent magnetic Separation and Recovery out circulating to loading mixing pit, the rate of recovery of magnetite powder is 97%, the granularity that loads magnetite powder in mixing pit is about 280 orders, mass concentration is 4 kgs/tonne of water.
The surface precipitation load of tube settler reaches 6.8m/h, after supernatant liquor enters Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment after header is collected, water outlet COD is lower than 60mg/L, suspended substance is less than 5mg/L, and total phosphorus is less than 0.3mg/L, and water outlet meets " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " one-level B standard.
Claims (8)
1. magnetic loads a waste water recycling method for coagulation clarification and membrane sepn combination, it is characterized in that,
Comprise the steps:
(1), in reaction tank, to dosing coagulant in waste water, be uniformly mixed and form tiny flco;
(2) in step (1), the waste water of the tiny flco of generation enters the fine and close solidifying core of the magnetic with colloid performance of magnetic carrier generation that loads mixing pit and magnetic Separation and Recovery;
(3) waste water that produces the solidifying core of magnetic in step (2) adds polymeric flocculant entering after flocculation basin, build bridge and net is caught the fine particle that the solidifying core absorption of effect magnetic volume sweeps in water and generated macrobead magnetic floc sedimentation at polymeric flocculant;
(4) the magnetic floc sedimentation producing in step (3) sinks to entering sludge bucket after mutually colliding in tube settler and being condensed into fine and close floc sedimentation fast, and the magnetic carrier that the magnetic floc sedimentation in sludge bucket reclaims through magnetic drum separating machine after high speed dispersor strong stirring disperses returns to step (2); Supernatant liquor enters intermediate pool after header is collected, and enters after membrane separation plant fine filtering water outlet for reuse after water pump supercharging.
2. the waste water recycling method that a kind of magnetic loading coagulation clarification and membrane sepn combine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the stirring of described reaction tank adopts double-layer paddle formula stirrer, and rotating speed is 60-80r/min.
3. the waste water recycling method that a kind of magnetic loading coagulation clarification and membrane sepn combine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the stirring of described loading mixing pit adopts individual layer frame type stirring machine, and rotating speed is 40-50r/min.
4. the waste water recycling method that a kind of magnetic loading coagulation clarification and membrane sepn combine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the stirring of described flocculation basin adopts double-deck frame type stirring machine, and rotating speed is 20-30r/min.
5. the waste water recycling method that a kind of magnetic loading coagulation clarification and membrane sepn combine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described coagulating agent is polymerize aluminum chloride, bodied ferric sulfate or aluminium iron polychloride, and dosage is 30-500mg/L.
6. the waste water recycling method that a kind of magnetic loading coagulation clarification and membrane sepn combine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the blade of described high speed dispersor is teeth shape tray type structure, rotating speed is 960-2000r/min, the surface induction intensity of magnetic drum separating machine is 1800-4500 Gauss, and magnetic drum rotating speed is 8-20r/min.
7. the waste water recycling method that a kind of magnetic loading coagulation clarification and membrane sepn combine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described magnetic carrier is magnetite powder, iron scale or iron powder, and its granularity is at 200-350 order.
8. the waste water recycling method that a kind of magnetic loading coagulation clarification and membrane sepn combine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described membrane separation plant is hyperfiltration membrane assembly, reverse osmosis membrane assembly, ultrafiltration-nanofiltration membrane system, ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis membrane system or membrane bioreactor.
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