CN103814852B - Regulation control method for preventing oxygen deficiency at night in gracilaria and prawn ecological cultivation - Google Patents
Regulation control method for preventing oxygen deficiency at night in gracilaria and prawn ecological cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A regulation control method for preventing oxygen deficiency at night in the gracilaria and prawn ecological cultivation relates to the algae and prawn cultivation. The method comprises the steps of controlling the gracilaria cultivation density and prawn cultivation density: the prawn cultivation density is 100-300kg per mu, the gracilaria cultivation density is 400-750kg per mu in sunny days and 300-600kg per mu in rainy days, and when the cultivation density achieves the upper limit, one third to a half of the gracilaria is harvested and the rest gracilaria is continuously cultivated as seedlings; adopting Gracilaria lichenoides when the water temperature is higher than or equal to 20 DEG C and adopting Gracilaria tenuistipitata Var. liui when the water temperature is lower than 20 DEG C; regulating and controlling cultivation water depth: when the water body transparency is larger than 1m, the cultivation water depth is 0.5-1.0m in sunny days and 0.35-0.6m in rainy days and the cultivation water depth is 0.5-0.7m in sunny days and 0.35-0.5m in rainy days when the water transparency is smaller than or equal to 1m; regulating and controlling water entering: a cultivation pond is subjected to water changing on rainy days and adopts a water feeding-at-night and draining-at-daylight mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine alga and prawn culturing, especially relate in fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and prawn ecologic breeding and prevent hypoxemia regulate and control method.
Background technology
Compositae weed (Gracilaria lichevoides) belongs to large-scale red algae, and originate in Taiwan, the nineties in last century is introduced into Fujian, primary growth is in culturing pool, the season of growth, from summer to autumn, is the topmost fresh bait of summer and autumn abalone, has good economic worth.In order to improve the overall benefit of culturing pool, raiser raises together with the economic animals such as prawn in fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts culturing pool of being everlasting, and increases cultivation income.But some raisers only gather in the crops few finished product prawn after finding to throw in a large amount of shrimp seedlings, but do not know how other prawn disappears.
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of topmost envirment factor in shrimp culture environment, it directly or indirectly affects survival and the growth of prawn, so the monitoring of dissolved oxygen and regulation and control are key link (Lin Bin of prawn culturing management, Huang reaches the clouds, Shen Guoying. the dissolved oxygen content in shrimp pond and magnitude of recruitment thereof and consumption. the Taiwan Straits, 14 (1): 9 ~ 14).Product oxygen rate under Compositae weed sunlight is generally greater than 2.0mg/gh, light saturated product oxygen rate is about 2.7mg/gh, mean oxygen consumption rate be 0.121mg/gh (Tang Kunxian. the biological prosthetic and micro-ecological effect [D] of bay, subtropics eutrophication. Xiamen University, Xiamen, 2009); The consumption rate of prawn be generally 0.23 ~ 0.83mg/gh (Li Songqing, Lin little Tao, Li Zhuojia etc. ingest on the impact [J] of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low consumption rate and nitrogen, phosphate excretion rate. Tropical Ocean journal, 2006,25 (2): 44-48; Chen Qin, Chen Xiaohan. the Preliminary Determination [J] of Penaeus Vannmei consumption rate and Suffocation Point. water conservancy related fisheries, 2001,21 (2): 14-15; Wang Hui, come outstanding virtue, room literary composition red .K+ on Crustin juvenile prawn existence and consumption rate, Suffocation Point impact [J]. Chinese aquatic science, 2007,14 (3): 493-497).Visible, the product oxygen rate of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts be prawn consumption rate several ~ tens times, the oxygen that namely fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts photosynthesis produces can be breathed for the prawn of several times of weight.
The nitrogen excretion average out to 17 μ g/gh of prawn, phosphate excretion rate average out to 1.19 μ g/gh.Roughly suitable to the absorption rate of nitrogen, phosphorus with fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, and the absorption rate of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts to nitrogen, phosphorus increases with the increase of concentration, nitrogen in water, phosphorus concentration are larger, and absorption rate is also larger, visible, and fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts can absorb the excreta of the suitable prawn of weight.Prawn and fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts are raised together with, and can keep the nitrogen in water, phosphorus concentration is in lower state, avoid prawn culturing to cause self-pollution.
Therefore, utilize fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and prawn to carry out ecologic breeding, only need the fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of lesser amt just can ensure the equilibrium of supply and demand of oxygen in breeding water body, reduce because anoxic causes the possibility of animal dead; Fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts can also the harmful substance such as absorbing ammonia effectively, prevents water quality deterioration, reduces the incidence of disease.
Respiration due to fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts itself also needs to consume certain oxygen, if cultivation density is too large, night is larger to the consumption of DO in water, also may occur anaerobic condition and cultivated animals death.The bottom is sunk to until rot after prawn death, not easily discovered, many raisers but do not know any reason to finding during results that prawn output is very low, and they seldom recognize that the fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts that can produce DO in a large number also can consume a large amount of DO when cultivation density is excessive and cause water hypoxia at night.Mainly paid close attention to the improvement result of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts prawn pool water quality about the ecologic breeding of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts prawn, the two cultivation density is excessive causes the research of hypoxemia to have no report, also has no the report of associated regulatory measure in the past.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the regulate and control method preventing hypoxemia in fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and prawn ecologic breeding.
The present invention includes following steps:
1) prawn culturing density and fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density control
Prawn culturing density is 100 ~ 300kg/ mu, and when weather conditions are fine day, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density is 400 ~ 750kg/ mu; When weather conditions are rainy weather, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density is 300 ~ 600kg/ mu;
1/3 ~ 1/2 is wherein gathered in the crops in limited time when fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density reaches the upper of above-mentioned density, remaining as seedling continuation cultivation;
When water temperature >=20 DEG C, described fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts adopts Compositae weed, and as water temperature < 20 DEG C, described fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts adopts Gracilaria Tenuistipitata V. Liui;
In step 1) in, when weather conditions are fine day, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density is preferably 400 ~ 600kg/ mu, and when weather conditions are rainy weather, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density is preferably 300 ~ 500kg/ mu;
When prawn culturing density is 100 ~ 150kg/ mu, when weather conditions are fine day, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density is preferably 400 ~ 700kg/ mu.
2) depth of water regulation and control are cultivated
As water transparency > 1m, the cultivation depth of water of fine day is 0.5 ~ 1.0m, and the overcast and rainy cultivation depth of water is 0.35 ~ 0.6m; As water transparency≤1m, the cultivation depth of water of fine day is 0.5 ~ 0.7m, and the overcast and rainy cultivation depth of water is 0.35 ~ 0.5m, whenever cultivates the depth of water and is not less than 0.35m;
In step 2) in, described as water transparency > 1m, the cultivation depth of water of fine day is preferably 0.6 ~ 0.7m, and the overcast and rainy cultivation depth of water is preferably 0.4 ~ 0.5m; As water transparency≤1m, the cultivation depth of water of fine day is preferably 0.5 ~ 0.6m, and the cloudy day cultivation depth of water is preferably 0.35 ~ 0.45m.
3) water inlet regulation and control
Overcast and rainy culturing pool changes the mode of hydromining with draining on daytime of intaking night, and keep water level to increase by 0.1 ~ 0.4m after water inlet at night, the morning is draining again, reduces water level to step 2) requirement of described cultivation depth of water regulation and control.
In step 3) in, described water inlet at night is best intake in the time after midnight; Water level is preferably kept to increase by 0.3 ~ 0.4m after water inlet.
Prawn culturing density of the present invention and fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density, the cultivation depth of water are different from existing fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultural method with the regulation and control of water inlet, and one is reduce initial cultivation density and gather in the crops density; Two is the time intervals shortening results fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, and 25 days of being cultivated by existing fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts results shorten to about 15 days for 1 time and gather in the crops 1 time; Three is that fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts harvest yield is different, determines the suitable fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts density of preserving during results depending on the storage of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and weather conditions, and general harvest yield is 1/3 ~ 1/2 of storage before results.
Described fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and prawn ecologic breeding refer to and utilize fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and prawn to raise together with at culturing pool, absorb the excreta of prawn and remaining bait, purify water by fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts; And improve the dissolved oxygen concentration in water by photosynthesis, promote prawn growth.Generally do not need to carry out artificial aeration or implement other purification of water quality measure, final results prawn and fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts multiple product, improve the overall income of culturing pool.
Fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of the present invention refers to the fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of suitable pond culture, belongs to large-scale economical alga, the Compositae weed that particularly coastal areas of southern China pond culture area is maximum and Gracilaria Tenuistipitata V. Liui (Gracilaria tenuistipitata liu).Compositae weed primary growth season, season of growth of Gracilaria Tenuistipitata V. Liui was main in the winter time and spring, there is complementarity the two time, can be combined to form annual continual cultivation in summer and autumn.
Fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts adopts bottom-sowing type cultivation, and raise together with together with prawn in the culturing pool closed, seawater salinity is preferably between 20 ~ 30, and culturing pool substrate is sandy or husky shale.After culturing pool water inlet reaches certain depth, throw in fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts seedling, adopt manual method evenly to sow in water, natural subsidence is to water-bed.Gather after fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts rises to certain density, the density retained in culturing pool after gathering and initial cultivation density close.
With cultivate separately compared with fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and prawn are raised together with because fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts density is less, reduce the income that fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivates, but the income of increase prawn culturing, and overall income improves a lot than monoculture fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The different fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density of Fig. 1 raise together with pond DO concentration 24h change curve.
Embodiment
Following examples will the present invention is further illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) prawn culturing density domination
When prawn and fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts ecologic breeding, adopt low-density breeding way, prawn culturing density generally between 100 ~ 300kg/ mu, preferably between 150 ~ 200kg/ mu.If density is excessive after prawn growth, a wherein part can be fished for, control within the scope of above-mentioned suitable cultivation density.
(2) fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density regulation and control
Fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and prawn ecologic breeding, for ensureing that fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts produces enough dissolved oxygens, and absorb the pollutant of prawn excretion; Meanwhile, for avoiding rainy weather oxygen in water at night concentration too low, prawn death by suffocation is caused.The cultivation density scope of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts is 300 ~ 750kg/ mu, preferably between 300 ~ 500kg/ mu.If weather conditions are stable fine day, what can keep fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts is in 400 ~ 750kg/ mu, the larger cultivation density scope between best 400 ~ 600kg/ mu; If there is rainy weather, cultivation density should be reduced in time at 300 ~ 600kg/ mu, the scope between best 300 ~ 500kg/ mu; If the cultivation density of prawn is lower, as being 100 ~ 150kg/ mu, weather is again stable fine day, larger fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density can be kept to be 400 ~ 750kg/ mu, between best 400 ~ 700kg/ mu.
It is to be realized by the part fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of regularly fishing in culturing pool that the fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density of raising together with prawn regulates and controls.Normal fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density is initial density 500kg/ mu, and after about 25 days, density reaches 1000kg/ mu, results half wherein, retains half and continues cultivation as seedling.But regulation and control density of the present invention cultivates different from normal fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, one is reduce initial cultivation density and results density density range described above; Two is the time intervals shortening results fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, and 25 days of being cultivated by normal fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts results shorten to about 15 days for 1 time and gather in the crops 1 time; Three is that fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts harvest yield is different, determines the suitable fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts density of preserving during results depending on the storage of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and weather conditions, and general harvest yield is 1/3 ~ 1/2 of storage before results.
(3) fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts breed variety rotation
The season of growth of Compositae weed, mainly in summer and autumn, in ALONG COASTAL FUJIAN, grows after entering November and substantially stays cool.Compositae weed in pond can be salvaged clean in October, be changed to Gracilaria Tenuistipitata V. Liui.The cultivation density of Gracilaria tenuistipitata controls same Compositae weed.Although the product oxygen rate of Gracilaria tenuistipitata is a little less than Compositae weed, compared with the consumption rate of prawn, or much larger than the consumption rate of prawn, the oxygen consumption demand of prawn can be met.After Second Year water temperature in May rises, then Gracilaria Tenuistipitata V. Liui is replaced by Compositae weed.Like this, the fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts raised together with prawn can be kept to be in growth healthy state always, improve the harvest yield of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and the improvement effect to water quality.
The rotation of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts kind is cumbersome, also can continue with spring in the winter time to utilize Compositae weed and prawn to raise together with.Although Compositae weed stays cool substantially with the growth in spring in the winter time, still can carry out photosynthesis and produce oxygen, and absorb certain nutritive salt, keep culturing pool water quality in shape.
(4) depth of water regulation and control are cultivated
The cultivation depth of water is suitably regulated, with the product oxygen rate keeping fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts larger according to different weather conditions.For the water body that transparency is larger, as transparency is greater than 1m, the suitable cultivation depth of water that fine day regulates is 0.5 ~ 1.0m, is preferably 0.6 ~ 0.7m; The overcast and rainy reduction cultivation depth of water is 0.35 ~ 0.6m, is preferably 0.4 ~ 0.5m.If water transparency is less, can suitably reduces the cultivation depth of water, but whenever be not less than 0.35m.
(5) water inlet regulation and control
Rainy weather, in order to improve the product oxygen rate of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts on daytime, suitably reduces the cultivation depth of water, but the too little amount being unfavorable for storage dissolved oxygen of the water yield, night, dissolved oxygen concentration declined very fast.Therefore, adopt water inlet at night, the seawater that complement lysis oxygen concentration is larger, decline too fast to alleviate dissolved oxygen concentration.Night, flooding time preferably carried out in the time after midnight.After water inlet, water level keeps water level to increase by 0.1 ~ 0.4m, preferably at 0.3 ~ 0.4m.The morning is suitably draining again, reduces the depth of water, increases the oxygen produced through photosynthesis of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts.So both can keep the product oxygen rate that fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts daytime is larger, and night dissolved oxygen concentration can have been slowed down again and decline and too fastly cause anaerobic condition.
Compositae weed mean oxygen consumption rate is 0.121mg/gh, if the cultivation depth of water is 0.5m, cultivate by normal fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, initial cultivation density is 500kg/ mu, during results, density is 1000kg/ mu, then three kinds of different density in different breeding process: 500kg/ mu, 750kg/ mu, 1000kg/ mu, the breathing due to Compositae weed causes 12h water body DO concentration to decline being about respectively: 2.18mg/L, 3.27mg/L, 4.35mg/L; If the prawn density of raising together with is with 200kg/ mu, prawn consumption rate is in 0.5mg/gh, and prawn breathes and causes 12h water body DO concentration decline 3.60mg/L.If at fine day, daytime, the photosynthesis of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts made water body keep higher DO concentration, was generally greater than 8 ~ more than 10mg/L, was comparatively not easy night to occur anaerobic condition; If in the rainy day, DO concentration during the dusk in summer in culturing pool is generally 5 ~ 6mg/L, when Compositae weed cultivation density is greater than 750kg/ mu, Compositae weed and prawn oxygen consumption can to cause in water at night DO concentration lower than 1mg/L, in addition other respiration consumption such as water column and bed mud DO, less at wind-force, in the particularly morning at night that air reaeration is slower, probably there is severe depletion of oxygen.Fig. 1 is the DO concentration 24h situation of change of two culturing pools that in this research, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density is higher and lower, and what density was larger raises together with pond DO at night concentration decline comparatively fast, and concentration is lower, and night, 2:00 ~ 4:00 water inlet delayed the decline of DO concentration.Monitoring same day is fine day, and daytime, DO concentration was higher, and what fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density was larger raise together with pond DO at night least concentration reaches 2.76mg/L, if rainy weather, daytime, DO concentration was lower, and the DO concentration at night may lower than 1mg/L.And the Suffocation Point of prawn is generally at 0.6 ~ 1.5mg/L, prawn will be caused in water during the Suffocation Point of DO concentration lower than prawn dead, even if there is not death, regular anoxic also affects the normal growth of cultivated animals.
Claims (5)
1. prevent the regulate and control method of hypoxemia in fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and prawn ecologic breeding, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) prawn culturing density and fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density control
Prawn culturing density is 100 ~ 300kg/ mu, and when weather conditions are fine day, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density is 400 ~ 750kg/ mu; When weather conditions are rainy weather, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density is 300 ~ 600kg/ mu;
1/3 ~ 1/2 is wherein gathered in the crops in limited time when fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density reaches the upper of above-mentioned density, remaining as seedling continuation cultivation;
When water temperature >=20 DEG C, described fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts adopts Compositae weed, and as water temperature < 20 DEG C, described fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts adopts Gracilaria Tenuistipitata V. Liui;
2) depth of water regulation and control are cultivated
As water transparency > 1m, the cultivation depth of water of fine day is 0.5 ~ 1.0m, and the overcast and rainy cultivation depth of water is 0.35 ~ 0.6m; As water transparency≤1m, the cultivation depth of water of fine day is 0.5 ~ 0.7m, and the overcast and rainy cultivation depth of water is 0.35 ~ 0.5m, whenever cultivates the depth of water and is not less than 0.35m;
3) water inlet regulation and control
Overcast and rainy culturing pool changes the mode of hydromining with draining on daytime of intaking night, and keep water level to increase by 0.1 ~ 0.4m after water inlet at night, the morning is draining again, reduces water level to step 2) requirement of described cultivation depth of water regulation and control.
2. prevent the regulate and control method of hypoxemia as claimed in claim 1 in fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and prawn ecologic breeding, it is characterized in that in step 1) in, when weather conditions are fine day, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density is 400 ~ 600kg/ mu, when weather conditions are rainy weather, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density is 300 ~ 500kg/ mu.
3. prevent the regulate and control method of hypoxemia as claimed in claim 1 in fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and prawn ecologic breeding, it is characterized in that in step 1) in, when prawn culturing density is 100 ~ 150kg/ mu, when weather conditions are fine day, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts cultivation density is 400 ~ 700kg/ mu.
4. prevent the regulate and control method of hypoxemia as claimed in claim 1 in fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and prawn ecologic breeding, it is characterized in that in step 2) in, described as water transparency > 1m, the cultivation depth of water of fine day is 0.6 ~ 0.7m, and the overcast and rainy cultivation depth of water is 0.4 ~ 0.5m; As water transparency≤1m, the cultivation depth of water of fine day is 0.5 ~ 0.6m, and the cloudy day cultivation depth of water is 0.35 ~ 0.45m.
5. prevent the regulate and control method of hypoxemia as claimed in claim 1 in fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and prawn ecologic breeding, it is characterized in that in step 3) in, described water inlet at night is in the water inlet time after midnight, keeps water level to increase by 0.3 ~ 0.4m after water inlet.
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| CN1559934A (en) * | 2004-03-11 | 2005-01-05 | 厦门大学 | Method for biological repairing eutrophication of subtropical zone sea water fish culture in net cage area |
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