CN103811093B - Based on the low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source that alpha-particle is launched - Google Patents
Based on the low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source that alpha-particle is launched Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source launched based on alpha-particle, comprise isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, cut bundle device (optical gate), metal Be target, automatically controlled translating device, optics guide rail, vacuum chamber, gas to chamber and gas flow control device, isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source is separated with metal Be target, tripping device rotates wheel for cutting bundle device, isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, cuts bundle device, metal Be target and is all encapsulated in an airtight chamber. This device realizes the pulsed neutron output with different repetition rate and different pulse width by cutting the design of bundle device rotation wheel, and can neutron flux be regulated. This kind of pulsed neutron source has intrinsic security, pulse output, pulsewidth and repetition rate is controlled, flux is adjustable, the small and exquisite advantage such as portable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of isotopic radiation source apparatus, it is specifically related to a kind of security height and the strong small throughput pulsed neutron source of controllability.
Background technology
In order to meet people to the demand of neutron in different field, various neutron source constantly is developed out. According to the method producing neutron, the neutron source that people commonly use can be divided into three classes, i.e. accelerator neutron generator, pile neutron source and isotropic substance neutron source (comprising spontaneous fission neutron source). Wherein accelerator neutron generator intensity height, it is possible to obtain monochromatic neutron beam in relatively Kuan Neng district, exports it can in addition contain realize pulsed neutron beam; The principal feature in pile neutron source is that neutron fluence rate is big, spectral shape more complicated; (�� is there is in isotropic substance neutron source after utilizing two kinds of nucleic to mix, n) nuclear reaction produces neutron or utilizes nucleic self fission to produce neutron, what use at present has Am-Be source, Pu-Be source, Ra-Be source and Cf spontaneous fission neutron source etc., its principal feature is that preparation is more convenient, device takes up an area less, and the neutron sent is substantially isotropic, can be used as standard source and uses. Wherein Am-Be neutron source is the isotropic substance neutron source commonly used the most.241The transformation period of Am is 432.2, is a kind of conventional fission alpha-particle source. Alpha-particle power spectrum mainly comprises three spectrum lines: energy and pulse absolute strength are respectively 5.486MeV (85.2%), 5.443MeV (12.8%) and 5.389MeV (1.4%), when it is got on Be powder, neutron will be released. Although existing isotropic substance neutron source is applied widely, but the application for requirements at the higher level still is difficult to meet. Current Am-Be neutron source is all by by AmO2With metal Be powder Homogeneous phase mixing, then the mode of pressurization or high temperature sintering is adopted to be made into one, therefore for (non-adjustable) that specific its neutron flux of Am-Be neutron source is substantially fixing, and be all that constant current is launched, in use need to carry out complicated neutron shield in addition so that security and the portability of whole neutron source reduce greatly.
Pulsed neutron source realizes primarily of particle accelerator and dense plasma body focus (DensePlasmaFocus, DPF) device (as: deuterium-deuterium, deuterium-tritium neutron tube) at present. Wherein accelerator neutron generator utilizes accelerator accelerating charged particles to go to bombard some nucleic, thus causes the nuclear reaction launching neutron, can produce pulsed neutron beam after accelerator is carried out pulsed modulation. The pulsed neutron source strength height that accelerator produces, and can be realized by control accelerator " switch " of pulsed neutron beam, security is higher, usually the neutron beam of single energy can be obtained, but whole apparatus structure is complicated, system is huge, cannot move after building up, and build, operation and maintenance expense very high; Compared with neutron source large-scale with accelerator, reactor etc., DPF device volume is little, operation is simple, price is cheap, single energy pulsed neutron beam of ns level pulse width, high strength can be provided, the performance test research being applicable to some nuclear radiation detector, has good application prospect in industry fields such as the surface treatment of material, X-ray lithography, fast neutron nondestructive testings. DPF device discharges every time and can produce pulsewidth 50��100ns, yield 107��1010The D-d fast neutron (2.45MeV) of neutron, corresponding neutron fluence rate is 1014��1017s-1. D-T pulsed neutron (14.1MeV) yield that DPF device produces is 109Magnitude, pulse halfwidth is about 10ns. The less stable of such neutron source visible, neutron yield are difficult to control, have stronger electromagnetic interference, cause this type of neutron source to require that higher Application Areas is subject to very big restriction in measuring accuracy.
Therefore, develop that a set of cost is low, security height, good stability, neutron flux are adjustable, pulsed neutron beam can be produced, low yield isotropic substance pulsed neutron source apparatus that structure is light, become one of the important supplement and developing direction of isotropic substance neutron source gradually.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of security height, neutron flux is adjustable, can produce pulsed neutron beam, low yield isotropic substance pulsed neutron source that structure is light.
The technical solution of the present invention is:
Based on the low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source that alpha-particle is launched, comprising isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, metal Be target, its special character is: also comprise alpha-particle bundle block device, airtight chamber; Described alpha-particle bundle block device is arranged on a certain position between isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and metal Be target, for regulating number and the cycle of the alpha-particle arriving Be; Described isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, metal Be target, alpha-particle bundle block device are all arranged in airtight chamber.
Also comprise automatically controlled translating device; Described alpha-particle bundle block device is arranged on automatically controlled translating device, and described automatically controlled translating device is for regulating the distance between alpha-particle bundle block device and isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source.
Above-mentioned airtight chamber is provided with vacuum valve and gas throttling valve.
Above-mentioned alpha-particle bundle block device is that device rotation wheel is restrainted in controlled the cutting of optical gate or rotating speed; Described bundle device of cutting rotates the slit or hole that are provided with the distribution of one or more groups symmetric periodic on wheel.
Above-mentioned isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source is241Am��218Po��226Ra��239Pu��238Pu or222Rn��
The relative distance of above-mentioned isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and metal Be target is greater than 0.1cm.
Vacuum tightness in above-mentioned sealed chamber is 1��101kPa; Described annular seal space indoor gas is air, nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen.
Above-mentioned metal Be target is Be sheet or the Be powder of organic membrane parcel.
It is provided with alpha-particle collimator between above-mentioned isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and alpha-particle bundle block device.
The useful effect that the present invention has relative to existing isotropic substance neutron source:
1, security height of the present invention.
Isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source is separated by neutron source apparatus with metal Be target, the control to alpha-particle can be accomplished in several ways, and the alpha-particle security intrinsic relative to neutron makes this equipment safety very high, alpha-particle can be shielded by alpha-particle collimator design and vacuum chamber design completely in addition. Owing to Am and Be is placed in the airtight chamber closed completely, therefore operator also can not be damaged by material itself.
2, neutron of the present invention is that pulse exports.
The rotating speed cutting bundle device by changing and slit sizes, the neutron pulse that can obtain distinct pulse widths exports, and is limited by the rotating speed of existing mechanical rotor, and the neutron pulse width that this device produces can reach musec order. Compared to common isotropic substance neutron source, this device can realize pulsed neutron beam and export, and the application of expansion isotropic substance neutron source is had important effect.
3, controllability of the present invention is strong.
The pulse width of neutron source, repetition rate, neutron flux all can realize controlled, by automatically controlled translating device, vacuum tightness, gas concentration or can cut " switch " control that bundle device design realizes neutron source in addition.
4, neutron source apparatus volume is little, movability good.
Whole device can be controlled in the middle of 1 meter of square space, and floor space is little, and structure simply makes its portability remaining isotropic substance neutron source.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle of device schematic diagram of the present invention; Wherein: a is isotropic substance isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, and b is alpha-particle bundle block device, and c is Be tinsel;
Fig. 2 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 A is a kind of rotating wheel structure schematic diagram cutting bundle device; Fig. 3 B is the 2nd kind of rotating wheel structure schematic diagram cutting bundle device;
Fig. 4 is the pulsed neutron time diagram that device expection produces;
Reference numeral is as follows: 1-isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, 2-alpha-particle collimator, 3-fixed link, 4-cuts bundle device and rotates wheel, 5-stepper-motor, 6-jacking sleeve, 7-metal Be powder, 8-organic film, the automatically controlled translation stage of 9-, 10-optics guide rail, 11-vacuum switching cable head, 12-vacuum chamber, 13-vacuum valve, 14-gas throttling valve, 15-cuts bundle device control power connection, the automatically controlled translation stage controller of 16-, 17-support bar base, 18-support bar, 19-rotates wheel mounting block, 20-motor shaft fixed orifices, 21-cuts bundle device periodic slots.
Embodiment
Based on the low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source that alpha-particle is launched, comprise isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, alpha-particle bundle block device (cutting bundle device or optical gate), metal Be target (powder or Be tinsel), automatically controlled translating device, the mechanical fastening system cutting bundle device and metal Be target, optics guide rail, vacuum chamber, vacuum-sealing switching device, gas to chamber, gas flow control device and vacuum flange. Isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source is separated with metal Be target, tripping device rotates wheel (or optical gate) for cutting bundle device, cut bundle device and it is in a certain position between isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and metal Be target, relative position is determined on same optics guide rail, cutting bundle device can relative distance between manual regulation and isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, metal Be target is in dull and stereotyped shape, it is fixed on automatically controlled translation stage, by electric control handle or control software design fine adjustment metal Be target and the relative distance cut between bundle device.
Isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source can select americium (241Am), polonium (218Po), radium (226Ra), plutonium (239Pu,238Pu) or radon (222Rn). The relative distance of isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and metal Be target is at 0.1-50cm. The relative distance of isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and metal Be target is generally greater than 0.1cm. Airtight chamber's vacuum-pumping, chamber house vacuum degree is at 1��101kPa. Gas to chamber is the conventional gases such as air, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and intracavity gas density and composition are controlled by gas flow control device. Isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, cut bundle the device such as device, metal Be target powder be all encapsulated in an airtight chamber. Isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and cut bundle device between be provided with alpha-particle collimator. Metal Be target powder is wrapped up by organic membrane such as mylar and fixes, it may also be useful to then do not need parcel during Be tinsel.
Cut bundle device by driving stepper motor, rotating speed is adjustable, height is realized regulating by optics support (such as optical lifting rod), the rotation wheel circumferential direction cutting bundle device has periodically groove or hole, similar optical chopper designs, the groove of different cycles, different structure or hole can be etched on different rotation wheels, the groove of different cycles, different structure or hole can also be etched on the rotation wheel of same bigger girth, rotate wheel material to determine according to the energy of different alpha-particle from thickness, it is possible to realize by plastic wheel card is plated different thickness metallic membrane.
Cutting bundle device cooperative mechanical stationary installation is fixed on optics guide rail, cutting bundle device is between isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and metal Be target, relative position is determined on same optics guide rail, cutting bundle device can relative distance between manual regulation and isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, metal Be target is fixed on automatically controlled translation stage, by electric control handle or control software design fine adjustment metal Be target and the relative distance cut between bundle device.
The principle of the invention:
By controlling the flux of the exitance control neutron of alpha-particle; Utilize the rotation wheel cutting bundle device with periodic structure that the alpha-particle of direct-current emission is carried out periodic modulation, obtain the low intensity pulse neutron source of pulse width at musec order, the rotating speed rotating wheel by changing can conveniently realize the control to neutron pulse-repetition frequency, rotation wheel periodic structure such as the size of slit (or hole) cutting bundle device can adjust according to actual needs, and different sizes is corresponding different particle transmitance and different pulse widths generally; For ensureing rotating speed, the material cutting bundle device rotation wheel adopts light material usually, specifically design according to different isotropic substances alpha-particle emissive source (different-energy), it is possible on existing optical chopper basis, steam plating layer of metal film, to reach the object realizing stopping; Metal Be target fixes on automatically controlled translation stage, by the relative distance between adjustment isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and metal Be target, it is possible to realize " switch " function of neutron source; Isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, cut bundle device and metal Be target be all fixed on optics guide rail, wherein a particle source maintains static, cut bundle device position can manual setting, the position of metal Be target realizes accurately control in real time by the pilot lever of automatically controlled translation stage or computer software; Except pilot lever (or computer), whole device is encapsulated in airtight chamber, room, chamber can be vacuumized the range ensureing alpha-particle, reserved gas interface in addition, can conveniently control to reach alpha-particle number and the energy of Be by leading to the gas into the different pressure of different components, thus realize the output of the neutron of different-energy varying strength.
With241Am source is example, and the main particle energy of its alpha-particle is 5.486MeV, accounts for the 85.2% of total intensity. Under standard atmospheric pressure, the aerial range of the alpha-particle of this energy is approximately 3.85cm, assume that system temperature is constant, when vacuum tightness reaches 100Pa, range can reach 38.5m, and oil-sealed rotary pump can realize the vacuum tightness of 10Pa fast at present, distance between isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and Be powder body can free adjustment, therefore just can be realized the safe operation of pulsed neutron source by the distance that changes between isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and Be or Chamber vacuum degree.
Except above for the control of neutron flux, neutron pulse characteristic can be regulated by the present invention. in the present invention, pulse width by cutting the rotating speed of bundle device and rotates slit (or hole) the size decision of wheel face, general slit is more narrow, rotating speed is more fast, the pulse width obtained is also more little, and in order to ensure to arrive the number of the alpha-particle of Be, the size of slit can not too little (situation except the lower neutron yield of non-required), therefore mainly through regulating the rotating speed of motor to control neutron pulse width, owing to current direct-current machine can realize every minute rotating speed of more than 15000 turns, therefore under the technical qualification of existing stepper-motor, the neutron pulse that can realize musec order exports. in addition, the slit rotated on wheel owing to cutting bundle device is symmetric periodic distribution, therefore can change the repetition rate of pulsed neutron by changing the number (space periodic) of slit, has certain help for expanding the application of isotropic substance neutron source. rotate in the design of wheel about cutting bundle device, the design of different spaces cycle, different narrow slit structure can be realized (see Fig. 3 A) on rotations different separately wheel, wheel change pulse output characteristic is rotated by changing, can also by have different cycles, different narrow slit structure be integrated in same rotation wheel upper (see Fig. 3 B) greatly, the height selecting runner by regulating, select different area surface to alpha-particle collimator, different neutron pulses can be obtained equally.
According to above-mentioned design, the neutron pulse signal that device expection produces is as shown in Figure 4, pulse repetition time T depends on that the space periodic that bundle device rotates the groove (or hole) taken turns is cut in face, and recurrent interval D and pulse width w mainly determine by the position and scantlings of the structure that rotate wheel speed (tangential velocity of groove present position) and groove (or hole). Consider the neutron flux situation of this device, assume that rotating wheel periodic slots is ladder structure (specifically according to rotating speed and rotation wheel diameter design), symmetric periodic is distributed with 60 grooves, and groove shared rotation wheel face area is 60%, and rotation wheel speed is 15000r/min. It is 5.95 �� 10 that the actual yield of neutron of Am-Be isotropic substance neutron source is about the neutron number of each alpha-particle generation-3Cps, 1Ci (3.7 �� 1010Bq)241The alpha-particle that Am produces is about 3.7 �� 1010Cps (comprises three kinds of energy), it is contemplated that the action section of alpha-particle and metal Be target, therefore for 1Ci's241Am, no matter with which kind of design, the Am-Be neutron source formed can produce 2.2 �� 10 at most6Cps. Owing to alpha-particle is had self-absorption problem by Be powder bed, therefore the utilization ratio of alpha-particle can not reach 100%, considers the impact that �� restraints source collimating structure, it is assumed that utilization ratio is 50%, then the neutron number produced is about 1.1 �� 106Cps. The corresponding pulse of each groove, repetition rate is 15kHz, and the individual pulse time length is 40 �� s, and the maximum neutron number that individual pulse comprises is 44. Bundle device of cutting for nested type periodic structure rotates wheel in addition, it is also possible to exports two bundle pulsewidths simultaneously and does not wait cycle different pulsed neutron beams. It may be seen that this device can realize high repetition frequency, low yield, musec order, the output of stable pulsed neutron beam.
Claims (8)
1. the low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source launched based on alpha-particle, comprises isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, metal Be target, it is characterised in that: also comprise alpha-particle bundle block device, airtight chamber; Described alpha-particle bundle block device is arranged on a certain position between isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and metal Be target, for regulating number and the cycle of the alpha-particle arriving metal Be target; Described isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source, metal Be target, alpha-particle bundle block device are all arranged in airtight chamber;
The low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source launched based on alpha-particle also comprises automatically controlled translating device; Described alpha-particle bundle block device is arranged on automatically controlled translating device, and described automatically controlled translating device is for regulating the distance between alpha-particle bundle block device and isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source.
2. the low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source launched based on alpha-particle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described airtight chamber is provided with vacuum valve and gas throttling valve.
3. the low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source launched based on alpha-particle according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: described alpha-particle bundle block device is that device rotation wheel is restrainted in controlled the cutting of optical gate or rotating speed; Described bundle device of cutting rotates the slit or hole that are provided with the distribution of one or more groups symmetric periodic on wheel.
4. the low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source launched based on alpha-particle according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source is241Am��218Po��226Ra��239Pu��238Pu or222Rn��
5. the low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source launched based on alpha-particle according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the relative distance of described isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and metal Be target is greater than 0.1cm.
6. the low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source launched based on alpha-particle according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the vacuum tightness in described sealed chamber is 1��101kPa; Described annular seal space indoor gas is air, nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen.
7. the low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source launched based on alpha-particle according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described metal Be target is Be sheet or the Be powder of organic membrane parcel.
8. the low yield pulse isotropic substance neutron source launched based on alpha-particle according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: it is provided with alpha-particle collimator between described isotropic substance alpha-particle emissive source and alpha-particle bundle block device.
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| CN104200863B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2017-01-11 | 西北核技术研究所 | Annular controllable isotope neutron source |
| CN108492903B (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2020-01-10 | 东莞理工学院 | Interchangeable neutron pipe's exchange system |
| CN112420235A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-02-26 | 南京即衡科技发展有限公司 | Combinable controllable Am-Be neutron source device |
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| DE102007046739A1 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-07-23 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Chopper for a particle beam |
| CN103077760A (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2013-05-01 | 西北核技术研究所 | System and method for rotatably obtaining strong pulse gamma radiation field by thickness collimator |
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