CN103809426A - Single electron atom light clock and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Single electron atom light clock and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103809426A
CN103809426A CN201410092575.0A CN201410092575A CN103809426A CN 103809426 A CN103809426 A CN 103809426A CN 201410092575 A CN201410092575 A CN 201410092575A CN 103809426 A CN103809426 A CN 103809426A
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single electron
atom
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output beam
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CN103809426B (en
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陈景标
郭弘
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Peking University
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Peking University
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic clocks and frequency standards and particularly relates to a single electron atom light clock and a preparation method thereof. In the technical scheme adopted by the invention, transition of a laser frequency band between a ground state and a second excited state of a single electron atom is used as a quantum frequency standard of an optical frequency band and an optical comb is combined to obtain the light clock implemented after the frequency is transferred. In the scheme, a cesium atom is used as an example, the narrow spectrum line width characteristic of the second excited state of the cesium atom can be utilized, and a magnetic sub energy level in an outer magnetic field generated by a coil can be decomposed out for laser frequency stabilization. Temperatures of the magnetic field and an atomic furnace can be controlled to optimize a system to enable the system to be in a good working state. Additionally, due to the housing design of the system, electromagnetic interference of the outside can be shielded. By regulating the current and the temperature of a semiconductor laser and controlling the voltage of a piezoelectric ceramic with a cavity length, the final output frequency of laser is stabilized on a transition spectral line of the cesium atom, which has a wavelength of 459nm from 6S to 7P1/2 or 455nm from 6S to 7P3/2.

Description

Single electron atom light clock and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to atomic clock and frequency mark technical field, be specifically related to a kind of single electron atom light clock and preparation method thereof, this single electron atom light clock is the optical frequency atomic clock of single electron atom highly excited level transition energy level.
Background technology
Current atom clock is divided into microwave atomic clock and the large class of optical frequency atomic clock two by the difference of frequency of operation.The atomic transition frequency of microwave atomic clock is at microwave frequency band, realizes and the optical frequency atomic clock that is called as light clock is the use atomic energy optical frequencies transition of inter-stage.Particularly, microwave atomic clock must act on mutually with microwave and atom, then frequency stabilization; And light clock is to come and the frequency stabilization that interacts of the clock transition energy level of atom with the laser after frequency stabilization.In at present the most frequently used several microwave atomic clocks the inside, one of them is exactly microwave cesium-beam atomic clock.Owing to only making microwave clock with caesium atom in the world now, never had been reported and did light clock with caesium, so usually " microwave cesium-beam atomic clock " is directly called to " caesium clock ".Although some microwave cesium-beam atomic clocks are also realized the preparation of energy state wherein and surveyed with laser, the clock transition of its realization is only commonly known for defining the microwave transition of the 9.192631770GHz that International System of Units " second " defines.And how to provide a kind of light clock that utilizes the single electron atoms such as caesium atom to realize in the case of not relating to the microwave of atom completely, temporarily without relevant report and invention.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: how under the microwave that does not relate to atom completely, to provide a kind of light clock and method of utilizing the single electron atoms at suitable temperatures such as caesium atom, require it can realize the optical frequency quantum frequency standard of long-term stable operation.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of single electron atom light clock, described light clock comprises: vacuum chamber 1, single electron atomic beam generating means 2, laser instrument 3, control circuit device 4, frequency regulator 5, the first detector 6, the second detector 7 and light comb 9; Wherein,
Described vacuum chamber 1, is connected with vacuum pump apparatus outside it, which is provided with optical window group, and described optical window group comprises two optical windows 8, and described two optical windows 8 are corresponding setting on the cavity of described vacuum chamber 1, to be provided for the path of transmission laser device 3 laser output beams;
Described single electron atomic beam generating means 2, it is arranged in described vacuum chamber 1, for generation of single electron atomic beam; The transmit direction of the single electron atomic beam that described single electron atomic beam generating means 2 produces is orthogonal to the laser output beam of being injected and being transmitted by described optical window group;
Described laser instrument 3, it is arranged at described vacuum chamber 1 outside, and vacuum chamber 1 is injected and transmitted to its emitted laser output beam through described two optical windows 8, and the inner and orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam at vacuum chamber 1; Described laser output beam, for when with the orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam, makes single electron atom from ground state transition to the 2 excited state; Control temperature, the electric current of described laser instrument 3 and regulate the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity by described control circuit device 4;
Described frequency regulator 5, for the resonant frequency to atom by the frequency adjustment of laser, completes laser frequency stabilization, thereby makes the first detector 6 and the second detector 7 can detect stable atomic spectral line signal; The controlled circuit arrangement 4 of described frequency regulator 5 is controlled and is carried out its function;
Described the first detector 6, it is arranged at vacuum chamber 1 outside, and the path in described laser output beam after vacuum chamber 1 transmits, it measures the absorption signal of described single electron atomic beam to laser for the laser output beam transmiting by induction;
Described the second detector 7, it is photodetector, for measuring the fluorescence of the rear generation of single electron atom pair laser effect;
Described control circuit device 4, it is for receiving the measurement result of described the first detector 6 and the second detector 7, generate the frequency error signal of laser according to measurement result, regulate electric current, temperature, the Piezoelectric Ceramic voltage of laser instrument 3 according to this frequency error signal, so that the Frequency Locking of the laser output beam of laser instrument 3, on the transition energy level of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom, forms quantum laser frequency standard;
Described light comb 9, the wavelength of its one of them broach can cover or be close with described quantum laser frequency standard, described light comb 9 is for combining with the laser output beam on the transition energy level of locked ground state transition to the 2 excited state at single electron atom of described frequency, thereby realizes light clock.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of single electron atom light clock, and described light clock comprises:
Glass air chamber 10, laser instrument 3, control circuit device 4, the first detector 6, the second detector 7 and light comb 9; Wherein,
In described glass steam chest 10, be filled with single electron atom vapor;
Described laser instrument 3, it is arranged at described glass steam chest 10 outsides, and glass steam chest 10 is injected and transmitted to its emitted laser output beam, and in glass steam chest 10 inside and single electron atomic interaction; Described laser output beam, for when with described single electron atomic interaction, makes single electron atom from ground state transition to the 2 excited state; Control temperature, the electric current of described laser instrument 3 and regulate the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity by described control circuit device 4;
Described the first detector 6, it is arranged at described glass steam chest 10 outsides, and the path in described laser output beam after glass steam chest 10 transmits, it measures the absorption signal of described single electron atom pair laser for the laser output beam transmiting by induction;
Described the second detector 7, it is photodetector, for measuring the fluorescence of the rear generation of single electron atom pair laser effect;
Described control circuit device 4, it is for receiving the measurement result of described the first detector 6 and the second detector 7, generate the frequency error signal of laser according to measurement result, regulate electric current, temperature, the Piezoelectric Ceramic voltage of laser instrument 3 according to this frequency error signal, so that the Frequency Locking of the laser output beam of laser instrument 3, on the transition energy level of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom, forms quantum laser frequency standard;
Described light comb 9, the wavelength of its one of them broach can cover or be close with described quantum laser frequency standard, described light comb 9 is for combining with the laser output beam on the transition energy level of locked ground state transition to the 2 excited state at single electron atom of described frequency, thereby realizes light clock.
Wherein, described single electron atom is caesium atom, rubidium atom, potassium atom or sodium atom.
Wherein, the vacuum tightness of described vacuum chamber 1 is controlled at and is better than 10 by described control circuit device 4 -4the degree of torr;
The temperature of described single electron atomic beam generating means 2 is controlled at 95 degrees Celsius to 105 degrees Celsius by described control circuit device 4 according to the control accuracy of 0.1 degree Celsius.
Wherein, described single electron atom is the caesium atomic time, and described laser output beam is that wavelength is the narrow-linewidth laser of 455nm or 459nm;
Described laser output beam is wavelength while being the narrow-linewidth laser of 455nm, and the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in caesium atom from 6S ground state transition to 7P by control circuit device 4 3/2quantum leap spectral line on;
Described laser output beam is wavelength while being the narrow-linewidth laser of 459nm, and the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in caesium atom from 6S ground state transition to 7P by control circuit device 4 1/2quantum leap spectral line on.
Wherein, described single electron atom is the rubidium atomic time, and described laser output beam is that wavelength is the narrow-linewidth laser of 420nm to 421nm; And the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in the quantum leap spectral line of rubidium atom the 2nd excited state from 5S ground state transition to 6P by control circuit device 4.
Wherein, described light clock outside is also provided with a shell, and described shell is for fixing and protect aforementioned all parts;
Described shell is built-in with magnetic masking layer, to shield outside electromagnetic interference.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of single electron atom light clock, and it comprises the steps:
Step S1: prepare a vacuum chamber 1, by a control circuit device 4, its vacuum degree control is being better than to 10 -4the degree of torr; Two optical windows 8 are set on described vacuum chamber 1, and described two optical windows 8 are corresponding setting on the cavity of described vacuum chamber 1, to be provided for the path of transmission laser device 3 laser output beams;
Step S2: prepare a single electron atomic beam generating means 2, be arranged in described vacuum chamber 1, for generation of single electron atomic beam; The transmit direction of the single electron atomic beam that described single electron atomic beam generating means 2 produces is orthogonal to the laser output beam of being injected and being transmitted by described optical window group;
Step S3: prepare a laser instrument 3, be arranged at described vacuum chamber 1 outside, vacuum chamber 1 is injected and transmitted to its emitted laser output beam through described two optical windows 8, and the inner and orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam at vacuum chamber 1;
Step S4: prepare one first detector 6, be arranged at vacuum chamber 1 outside, and in described laser output beam the path after vacuum chamber 1 transmits;
Step S5: prepare one second detector 7, it is photodetector;
Step S6: prepare a light comb 9, the wavelength of its one of them broach can cover or be close with described quantum laser frequency standard;
Step S7: reach after preset requirement in vacuum chamber 1 internal vacuum, the temperature to 95 of controlling single electron atomic beam generating means 2 by control circuit device 4 is degree Celsius to 105 degrees Celsius; Single electron atomic beam generating means 2 sends single electron atomic beam;
Step S8: described control circuit device 4 is controlled temperature, the electric current of laser instrument 3 and regulated the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity, produce laser output beam by laser instrument 3, this laser output beam, when with the orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam, makes single electron atom from ground state transition the 2nd excited state;
Step S9: described frequency regulator 5 to the resonant frequency of atom, completes laser frequency stabilization by the frequency adjustment of laser instrument 3 laser, to make the first detector 6 and the second detector 7 can detect stable atomic spectral line signal; The controlled circuit arrangement 4 of described frequency regulator 5 is controlled and is carried out its function;
Step S10: the laser output beam that described the first detector 6 transmits by induction is measured the absorption signal of described single electron atomic beam to laser; Described the second detector 7 is measured the fluorescence of the rear generation of single electron atom pair laser effect; Described control circuit device 4 receives the measurement result of described the first detector 6 and the second detector 7, generate the frequency error signal of laser according to measurement result, regulate electric current, temperature, the Piezoelectric Ceramic voltage of laser instrument 3 according to this frequency error signal, so that the Frequency Locking of the laser output beam of laser instrument 3, on the transition energy level of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom, forms quantum laser frequency standard;
Step S10: the laser output beam on the transition energy level of described light comb 9 and locked ground state transition to the 2 excited state at single electron atom of described frequency is combined, thereby realizes light clock.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of single electron atom light clock, and it comprises the steps:
Step S1: prepare a glass steam chest 10, be filled with single electron atom vapor in it;
Step S2: prepare a laser instrument 3, it is arranged at described glass steam chest 10 outsides, and glass steam chest 10 is injected and transmitted to its emitted laser output beam, and in glass steam chest 10 inside and single electron atomic interaction;
Step S3: prepare one first detector 6, be arranged at described glass steam chest 10 outsides, and in described laser output beam the path after glass steam chest 10 transmits;
Step S4: prepare one second detector 7, it is photodetector;
Step S5: prepare a control circuit device 4, described control circuit device 4 is controlled temperature, the electric current of laser instrument 3 and is regulated the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity, produce laser output beam by laser instrument 3, this laser output beam, when with the orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam, makes single electron atom from ground state transition to the 2 excited state;
Step S6: the laser output beam that described the first detector 6 transmits by induction is measured the absorption signal of described single electron atomic beam to laser; Described the second detector 7 is measured the fluorescence of the rear generation of single electron atom pair laser effect; Described control circuit device 4 receives the measurement result of described the first detector 6 and the second detector 7, generate the frequency error signal of laser according to measurement result, regulate electric current, temperature, the Piezoelectric Ceramic voltage of laser instrument 3 according to this frequency error signal, so that the Frequency Locking of the laser output beam of laser instrument 3, on the transition energy level of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom, forms quantum laser frequency standard;
Step S10: the laser output beam on the transition energy level of described light comb 9 and locked ground state transition to the 2 excited state at single electron atom of described frequency is combined, thereby realizes light clock.
Wherein, described single electron atom is caesium atom, rubidium atom, potassium atom or sodium atom;
Described single electron atom is the caesium atomic time, and described laser output beam is that wavelength is the narrow-linewidth laser of 455nm or 459nm; Described laser output beam is wavelength while being the narrow-linewidth laser of 455nm, and the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in caesium atom from 6S ground state transition to 7P by control circuit device 4 3/2quantum leap spectral line on; Described laser output beam is wavelength while being the narrow-linewidth laser of 459nm, and the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in caesium atom from 6S ground state transition to 7P by control circuit device 4 1/2quantum leap spectral line on;
Described single electron atom is the rubidium atomic time, and described laser output beam is that wavelength is the narrow-linewidth laser of 420nm to 421nm; And the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in the quantum leap spectral line of rubidium atom the 2nd excited state from 5S ground state transition to 6P by control circuit device 4.
(3) beneficial effect
Technical solution of the present invention is to utilize the transition energy level of laser frequency range of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom as the quantum frequency standard of optical frequencies, the light clock of realizing after the Frequency Transfer in conjunction with light comb.In the specific implementation process of this scheme, take caesium atom as example, can utilize the narrow spectral line width characteristic of caesium atom the 2nd excited state, in the external magnetic field producing at coil, magnetic sublevel can be decomposed out, for laser frequency stabilization.The temperature of magnetic field and atomic pile can control optimization system in good working order.Add system shell design, can mask extraneous electromagnetic interference (EMI).The 6S that the final output frequency of laser is stabilized in to caesium atom by the long piezoelectric ceramics voltage of electric current, temperature and the control chamber of adjusting semiconductor laser is to 7P 1/2459nm or 6S to 7P 3/2the wavelength transition spectral line of 455nm on.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment that the present invention utilizes glass air chamber atoms at suitable temperatures caesium atom light clock.
Embodiment
For making object of the present invention, content and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
For solving the problem of prior art, the invention provides a kind of single electron atom light clock, as shown in Figure 1, described light clock comprises: vacuum chamber 1, single electron atomic beam generating means 2, laser instrument 3, control circuit device 4, frequency regulator 5, the first detector 6, the second detector 7 and light comb 9; Wherein,
Described vacuum chamber 1, is connected with vacuum pump apparatus outside it, which is provided with optical window group, and described optical window group comprises two optical windows 8, and described two optical windows 8 are corresponding setting on the cavity of described vacuum chamber 1, to be provided for the path of transmission laser device 3 laser output beams;
Described single electron atomic beam generating means 2, it is arranged in described vacuum chamber 1, for generation of single electron atomic beam; The transmit direction of the single electron atomic beam that described single electron atomic beam generating means 2 produces is orthogonal to the laser output beam of being injected and being transmitted by described optical window group;
Described laser instrument 3, it is arranged at described vacuum chamber 1 outside, vacuum chamber 1 is injected and transmitted to its emitted laser output beam through described two optical windows 8, and vacuum chamber 1 inner with collimation after the orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam; Described laser output beam, for when with the orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam, makes single electron atom from ground state transition to the 2 excited state; Control temperature, the electric current of described laser instrument 3 and regulate the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity by described control circuit device 4;
Described frequency regulator 5, for the resonant frequency to atom by the frequency adjustment of laser, completes laser frequency stabilization, thereby makes the first detector 6 and the second detector 7 can detect stable atomic spectral line signal; The controlled circuit arrangement 4 of described frequency regulator 5 is controlled and is carried out its function;
Described the first detector 6, it is arranged at vacuum chamber 1 outside, and the path in described laser output beam after vacuum chamber 1 transmits, it measures the absorption signal of described single electron atomic beam to laser for the laser output beam transmiting by induction;
Described the second detector 7, it is photodetector, for measuring the fluorescence of the rear generation of single electron atom pair laser effect;
Described control circuit device 4, it is for receiving the measurement result of described the first detector 6 and the second detector 7, generate the frequency error signal of laser according to measurement result, regulate electric current, temperature, the Piezoelectric Ceramic voltage of laser instrument 3 according to this frequency error signal, so that the Frequency Locking of the laser output beam of laser instrument 3, on the transition energy level of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom, forms quantum laser frequency standard;
Described light comb 9, the wavelength of its one of them broach can cover or be close with described quantum laser frequency standard, described light comb 9 is for combining with the laser output beam on the transition energy level of locked ground state transition to the 2 excited state at single electron atom of described frequency, thereby realizes light clock.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of single electron atom light clock, and as shown in Figure 2, described light clock comprises:
Glass air chamber 10, laser instrument 3, control circuit device 4, the first detector 6, the second detector 7 and light comb 9; Wherein,
In described glass steam chest 10, be filled with single electron atom vapor;
Described laser instrument 3, it is arranged at described glass steam chest 10 outsides, and glass steam chest 10 is injected and transmitted to its emitted laser output beam, and in glass steam chest 10 inside and single electron atomic interaction; Described laser output beam, for when with described single electron atomic interaction, makes single electron atom from ground state transition to the 2 excited state; Control temperature, the electric current of described laser instrument 3 and regulate the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity by described control circuit device 4;
Described the first detector 6, it is arranged at described glass steam chest 10 outsides, and the path in described laser output beam after glass steam chest 10 transmits, it measures the absorption signal of described single electron atom pair laser for the laser output beam transmiting by induction;
Described the second detector 7, it is photodetector, for measuring the fluorescence of the rear generation of single electron atom pair laser effect;
Described control circuit device 4, it is for receiving the measurement result of described the first detector 6 and the second detector 7, generate the frequency error signal of laser according to measurement result, regulate electric current, temperature, the Piezoelectric Ceramic voltage of laser instrument 3 according to this frequency error signal, so that the Frequency Locking of the laser output beam of laser instrument 3, on the transition energy level of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom, forms quantum laser frequency standard;
Described light comb 9, the wavelength of its one of them broach can cover or be close with described quantum laser frequency standard, described light comb 9 is for combining with the laser output beam on the transition energy level of locked ground state transition to the 2 excited state at single electron atom of described frequency, thereby realizes light clock.
Wherein, described single electron atom is caesium atom, rubidium atom, potassium atom or sodium atom.
Wherein, the vacuum tightness of described vacuum chamber 1 is controlled at and is better than 10 by described control circuit device 4 -4the degree of torr;
The temperature of described single electron atomic beam generating means 2 is controlled at 95 degrees Celsius to 105 degrees Celsius by described control circuit device 4 according to the control accuracy of 0.1 degree Celsius, preferably 100 degrees Celsius.
Wherein, described single electron atom is the caesium atomic time, and described laser output beam is that wavelength is the narrow-linewidth laser of 455nm or 459nm;
Described laser output beam is wavelength while being the narrow-linewidth laser of 455nm, and the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in caesium atom from 6S ground state transition to 7P by control circuit device 4 3/2quantum leap spectral line on;
Described laser output beam is wavelength while being the narrow-linewidth laser of 459nm, and the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in caesium atom from 6S ground state transition to 7P by control circuit device 4 1/2quantum leap spectral line on.
Wherein, described single electron atom is the rubidium atomic time, and described laser output beam is that wavelength is the narrow-linewidth laser of 420nm to 421nm; And the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in the quantum leap spectral line of rubidium atom the 2nd excited state from 5S ground state transition to 6P by control circuit device 4.
Wherein, described light clock outside is also provided with a shell, and described shell is for fixing and protect aforementioned all parts;
Described shell is built-in with magnetic masking layer, to shield outside electromagnetic interference.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of single electron atom light clock, and it comprises the steps:
Step S1: prepare a vacuum chamber 1, by a control circuit device 4, its vacuum degree control is being better than to 10 -4the degree of torr; Two optical windows 8 are set on described vacuum chamber 1, and described two optical windows 8 are corresponding setting on the cavity of described vacuum chamber 1, to be provided for the path of transmission laser device 3 laser output beams;
Step S2: prepare a single electron atomic beam generating means 2, be arranged in described vacuum chamber 1, for generation of single electron atomic beam; The transmit direction of the single electron atomic beam that described single electron atomic beam generating means 2 produces is orthogonal to the laser output beam of being injected and being transmitted by described optical window group;
Step S3: prepare a laser instrument 3, be arranged at described vacuum chamber 1 outside, vacuum chamber 1 is injected and transmitted to its emitted laser output beam through described two optical windows 8, and vacuum chamber 1 inner with collimation after the orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam;
Step S4: prepare one first detector 6, be arranged at vacuum chamber 1 outside, and in described laser output beam the path after vacuum chamber 1 transmits;
Step S5: prepare one second detector 7, it is photodetector;
Step S6: prepare a light comb 9, the wavelength of its one of them broach can cover or be close with described quantum laser frequency standard;
Step S7: reach after preset requirement in vacuum chamber 1 internal vacuum, the temperature to 95 of controlling single electron atomic beam generating means 2 by control circuit device 4 is degree Celsius to 105 degrees Celsius; Single electron atomic beam generating means 2 sends single electron atomic beam;
Step S8: described control circuit device 4 is controlled temperature, the electric current of laser instrument 3 and regulated the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity, produce laser output beam by laser instrument 3, this laser output beam, when with the orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam, makes single electron atom from ground state transition the 2nd excited state;
Step S9: described frequency regulator 5 to the resonant frequency of atom, completes laser frequency stabilization by the frequency adjustment of laser instrument 3 laser, to make the first detector 6 and the second detector 7 can detect stable atomic spectral line signal; The controlled circuit arrangement 4 of described frequency regulator 5 is controlled and is carried out its function;
Step S10: the laser output beam that described the first detector 6 transmits by induction is measured the absorption signal of described single electron atomic beam to laser; Described the second detector 7 is measured the fluorescence of the rear generation of single electron atom pair laser effect; Described control circuit device 4 receives the measurement result of described the first detector 6 and the second detector 7, generate the frequency error signal of laser according to measurement result, regulate electric current, temperature, the Piezoelectric Ceramic voltage of laser instrument 3 according to this frequency error signal, so that the Frequency Locking of the laser output beam of laser instrument 3, on the transition energy level of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom, forms quantum laser frequency standard;
Step S10: the laser output beam on the transition energy level of described light comb 9 and locked ground state transition to the 2 excited state at single electron atom of described frequency is combined, thereby realizes light clock.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of single electron atom light clock, and it comprises the steps:
Step S1: prepare a glass steam chest 10, be filled with single electron atom vapor in it;
Step S2: prepare a laser instrument 3, it is arranged at described glass steam chest 10 outsides, and glass steam chest 10 is injected and transmitted to its emitted laser output beam, and in glass steam chest 10 inside and single electron atomic interaction;
Step S3: prepare one first detector 6, be arranged at described glass steam chest 10 outsides, and in described laser output beam the path after glass steam chest 10 transmits;
Step S4: prepare one second detector 7, it is photodetector;
Step S5: prepare a control circuit device 4, described control circuit device 4 is controlled temperature, the electric current of laser instrument 3 and is regulated the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity, produce laser output beam by laser instrument 3, this laser output beam, when with the orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam, makes single electron atom from ground state transition to the 2 excited state;
Step S6: the laser output beam that described the first detector 6 transmits by induction is measured the absorption signal of described single electron atomic beam to laser; Described the second detector 7 is measured the fluorescence of the rear generation of single electron atom pair laser effect; Described control circuit device 4 receives the measurement result of described the first detector 6 and the second detector 7, generate the frequency error signal of laser according to measurement result, regulate electric current, temperature, the Piezoelectric Ceramic voltage of laser instrument 3 according to this frequency error signal, so that the Frequency Locking of the laser output beam of laser instrument 3, on the transition energy level of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom, forms quantum laser frequency standard;
Step S10: the laser output beam on the transition energy level of described light comb 9 and locked ground state transition to the 2 excited state at single electron atom of described frequency is combined, thereby realizes light clock.
Wherein, described single electron atom is caesium atom, rubidium atom, potassium atom or sodium atom;
Described single electron atom is the caesium atomic time, and described laser output beam is that wavelength is the narrow-linewidth laser of 455nm or 459nm; Described laser output beam is wavelength while being the narrow-linewidth laser of 455nm, and the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in caesium atom from 6S ground state transition to 7P by control circuit device 4 3/2quantum leap spectral line on; Described laser output beam is wavelength while being the narrow-linewidth laser of 459nm, and the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in caesium atom from 6S ground state transition to 7P by control circuit device 4 1/2quantum leap spectral line on;
Described single electron atom is the rubidium atomic time, and described laser output beam is that wavelength is the narrow-linewidth laser of 420nm to 421nm; And the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in the quantum leap spectral line of rubidium atom the 2nd excited state from 5S ground state transition to 6P by control circuit device 4.
Introduce specific embodiment below.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the caesium atom light clock structural representation of one embodiment of the invention.This caesium atom light clock comprises: vacuum cavity and vacuum pump system 1, atomic pile 2, laser instrument 3, control circuit device 4, frequency regulator 5, detector 6 and 7, optical window 8, light comb 9.
After the interior vacuum of vacuum cavity 1 maintains under the condition of requirement, control circuit device 4 heat and the temperature of controlling caesium atomic pile 2 100 degrees Celsius of left and right, Control for Kiln Temperature precision reaches 0.1 degree Celsius, forms the atom line of intensity stabilization.The temperature of control circuit device 4 noise spectra of semiconductor lasers 3, electric current and regulate the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity, and frequency regulator 5 is carried out to precision control formed frequency stabilization.When the orthogonal interaction of atomic beam after the optical window 8 on having vacuum cavity and collimation of the output beam of semiconductor laser, the absorption signal of atom pair laser is measured by detector 6, the fluorescence that atom pair laser action forms is measured by detector 7, the signal again detector 6,7 being measured is defeated by control circuit device 4 and is processed, regulate 6S ground state that the output light of laser instrument 3 is strictly locked in caesium atom to the transition energy level between 7P the 2nd excited state as error signal, form quantum laser frequency standard, with 9 lockings of light comb, obtain caesium atom light clock again.The wavelength of described light comb 9 one of them broach can cover or be close with described quantum laser frequency standard.
The embodiment of another simplification replaces the atomic beam in vacuum cavity with the caesium atom in glass air chamber, and as shown in Figure 2, its implementation process is also roughly suitable for its structure.
The caesium atom light clock of above-described embodiment; also can comprise a shell, for fixing and protect each element, and make each element in mutual alignment accurately by strict size, tolerance design; the magnetic masking layer that this shell has built-in definite chi to cross, shields outside electromagnetic interference.
Caesium atom light clock in above-described embodiment, interacts by the transition energy level between narrow linewidth semiconductor laser and caesium atomic ground state to the 2 excited state, obtains atomic spectrum feedback regulation and the locking semiconductor laser with narrow linewidth characteristic.Because caesium atom the 2nd lifetime of excited state is longer, its natural width is about 1.2MH3 only, and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of signal is very high.
Above-described embodiment is only for principle of work of the present invention is described, but not for limiting the scope of the invention.Particularly, the present invention is also applicable to transition energy level between ground state and the 2nd excited state that rubidium atom, potassium atom, sodium atom are corresponding and realizes the light clock of the principle of the invention.For example can realize rubidium atom light clock for 420nm and 421nm transition between ground state 5S to the 2 excited state 6P of rubidium atom.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and distortion, these improvement and distortion also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a single electron atom light clock, it is characterized in that, described light clock comprises: vacuum chamber (1), single electron atomic beam generating means (2), laser instrument (3), control circuit device (4), frequency regulator (5), the first detector (6), the second detector (7) and light comb (9); Wherein,
Described vacuum chamber (1), outside it, be connected with vacuum pump apparatus, which is provided with optical window group, described optical window group comprises two optical windows (8), described two optical windows (8) are corresponding setting on the cavity of described vacuum chamber (1), to be provided for the path of transmission laser device (3) laser output beam;
Described single electron atomic beam generating means (2), it is arranged in described vacuum chamber (1), for generation of single electron atomic beam; The transmit direction of the single electron atomic beam that described single electron atomic beam generating means (2) produces is orthogonal to the laser output beam of being injected and being transmitted by described optical window group;
Described laser instrument (3), it is arranged at described vacuum chamber (1) outside, vacuum chamber (1) is injected and transmitted to its emitted laser output beam through described two optical windows (8), and the inner and orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam at vacuum chamber (1); Described laser output beam, for when with the orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam, makes single electron atom from ground state transition to the 2 excited state; Control temperature, the electric current of described laser instrument (3) and regulate the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity by described control circuit device (4);
Described frequency regulator (5), for the resonant frequency to atom by the frequency adjustment of laser, completes laser frequency stabilization, thereby makes the first detector (6) and the second detector (7) can detect stable atomic spectral line signal; The controlled circuit arrangement of described frequency regulator (5) (4) is controlled and is carried out its function;
Described the first detector (6), it is arranged at vacuum chamber (1) outside, and the path in described laser output beam after vacuum chamber (1) transmits, it measures the absorption signal of described single electron atomic beam to laser for the laser output beam transmiting by induction;
Described the second detector (7), it is photodetector, for measuring the fluorescence of the rear generation of single electron atom pair laser effect;
Described control circuit device (4), it is for receiving the measurement result of described the first detector (6) and the second detector (7), generate the frequency error signal of laser according to measurement result, regulate electric current, temperature, the Piezoelectric Ceramic voltage of laser instrument (3) according to this frequency error signal, so that the Frequency Locking of the laser output beam of laser instrument (3), on the transition energy level of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom, forms quantum laser frequency standard;
Described light comb (9), the wavelength of its one of them broach can cover or be close with described quantum laser frequency standard, described light comb (9) is for combining with the laser output beam on the transition energy level of locked ground state transition to the 2 excited state at single electron atom of described frequency, thereby realizes light clock.
2. a single electron atom light clock, is characterized in that, described light clock comprises:
Glass air chamber (10), laser instrument (3), control circuit device (4), the first detector (6), the second detector (7) and light comb (9); Wherein,
In described glass steam chest (10), be filled with single electron atom vapor;
Described laser instrument (3), it is arranged at described glass steam chest (10) outside, and glass steam chest (10) is injected and transmitted to its emitted laser output beam, and at glass steam chest (10) inside and single electron atomic interaction; Described laser output beam, for when with described single electron atomic interaction, makes single electron atom from ground state transition to the 2 excited state; Control temperature, the electric current of described laser instrument (3) and regulate the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity by described control circuit device (4);
Described the first detector (6), it is arranged at described glass steam chest (10) outside, and the path in described laser output beam after glass steam chest (10) transmits, it measures the absorption signal of described single electron atom pair laser for the laser output beam transmiting by induction;
Described the second detector (7), it is photodetector, for measuring the fluorescence of the rear generation of single electron atom pair laser effect;
Described control circuit device (4), it is for receiving the measurement result of described the first detector (6) and the second detector (7), generate the frequency error signal of laser according to measurement result, regulate electric current, temperature, the Piezoelectric Ceramic voltage of laser instrument (3) according to this frequency error signal, so that the Frequency Locking of the laser output beam of laser instrument (3), on the transition energy level of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom, forms quantum laser frequency standard;
Described light comb (9), the wavelength of its one of them broach can cover or be close with described quantum laser frequency standard, described light comb (9) is for combining with the laser output beam on the transition energy level of locked ground state transition to the 2 excited state at single electron atom of described frequency, thereby realizes light clock.
3. single electron atom light clock as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described single electron atom is caesium atom, rubidium atom, potassium atom or sodium atom.
4. single electron atom light clock as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the vacuum tightness of described vacuum chamber (1) is controlled at and is better than 10 by described control circuit device (4) -4the degree of torr;
The temperature of described single electron atomic beam generating means (2) is controlled at 95 degrees Celsius to 105 degrees Celsius by described control circuit device (4) according to the control accuracy of 0.1 degree Celsius.
5. single electron atom light clock as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described single electron atom is the caesium atomic time, and described laser output beam is that wavelength is the narrow-linewidth laser of 455nm or 459nm;
Described laser output beam is wavelength while being the narrow-linewidth laser of 455nm, and the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in caesium atom from 6S ground state transition to 7P by control circuit device (4) 3/2quantum leap spectral line on;
Described laser output beam is wavelength while being the narrow-linewidth laser of 459nm, and the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in caesium atom from 6S ground state transition to 7P by control circuit device (4) 1/2quantum leap spectral line on.
6. single electron atom light clock as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described single electron atom is the rubidium atomic time, and described laser output beam is that wavelength is the narrow-linewidth laser of 420nm to 421nm; And the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in the quantum leap spectral line of rubidium atom the 2nd excited state from 5S ground state transition to 6P by control circuit device (4).
7. single electron atom light clock as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described light clock outside is also provided with a shell, and described shell is for fixing and protect aforementioned all parts;
Described shell is built-in with magnetic masking layer, to shield outside electromagnetic interference.
8. a preparation method for single electron atom light clock, is characterized in that, it comprises the steps:
Step S1: prepare a vacuum chamber (1), by a control circuit device (4), its vacuum degree control is being better than to 10 -4the degree of torr; Two optical windows (8) are set on described vacuum chamber (1), and described two optical windows (8) are corresponding setting on the cavity of described vacuum chamber (1), to be provided for the path of transmission laser device (3) laser output beam;
Step S2: prepare a single electron atomic beam generating means (2), be arranged in described vacuum chamber (1), for generation of single electron atomic beam; The transmit direction of the single electron atomic beam that described single electron atomic beam generating means (2) produces is orthogonal to the laser output beam of being injected and being transmitted by described optical window group;
Step S3: prepare a laser instrument (3), be arranged at described vacuum chamber (1) outside, vacuum chamber (1) is injected and transmitted to its emitted laser output beam through described two optical windows (8), and the inner and orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam at vacuum chamber (1);
Step S4: prepare one first detector (6), be arranged at vacuum chamber (1) outside, and in described laser output beam the path after vacuum chamber (1) transmits;
Step S5: prepare one second detector (7), it is photodetector;
Step S6: prepare a light comb (9), the wavelength of its one of them broach can cover or be close with described quantum laser frequency standard;
Step S7: reach after preset requirement in vacuum chamber (1) internal vacuum, the temperature to 95 of controlling single electron atomic beam generating means (2) by control circuit device (4) is degree Celsius to 105 degrees Celsius; Single electron atomic beam generating means (2) sends single electron atomic beam;
Step S8: described control circuit device (4) is controlled temperature, the electric current of laser instrument (3) and regulated the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity, produce laser output beam by laser instrument (3), this laser output beam, when with the orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam, makes single electron atom from ground state transition the 2nd excited state;
Step S9: described frequency regulator (5) to the resonant frequency of atom, completes laser frequency stabilization by the frequency adjustment of laser instrument (3) laser, to make the first detector (6) and the second detector (7) can detect stable atomic spectral line signal; The controlled circuit arrangement of described frequency regulator (5) (4) is controlled and is carried out its function;
Step S10: the laser output beam that described the first detector (6) transmits by induction is measured the absorption signal of described single electron atomic beam to laser; Described the second detector (7) is measured the fluorescence of the rear generation of single electron atom pair laser effect; Described control circuit device (4) receives the measurement result of described the first detector (6) and the second detector (7), generate the frequency error signal of laser according to measurement result, regulate electric current, temperature, the Piezoelectric Ceramic voltage of laser instrument (3) according to this frequency error signal, so that the Frequency Locking of the laser output beam of laser instrument (3), on the transition energy level of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom, forms quantum laser frequency standard;
Step S10: the laser output beam on the transition energy level of described light comb (9) and locked ground state transition to the 2 excited state at single electron atom of described frequency is combined, thereby realizes light clock.
9. a preparation method for single electron atom light clock, is characterized in that, it comprises the steps:
Step S1: prepare a glass steam chest (10), be filled with single electron atom vapor in it;
Step S2: prepare a laser instrument (3), it is arranged at described glass steam chest (10) outside, and glass steam chest (10) is injected and transmitted to its emitted laser output beam, and at glass steam chest (10) inside and single electron atomic interaction;
Step S3: prepare one first detector (6), be arranged at described glass steam chest (10) outside, and in described laser output beam the path after glass steam chest (10) transmits;
Step S4: prepare one second detector (7), it is photodetector;
Step S5: prepare a control circuit device (4), described control circuit device (4) is controlled temperature, the electric current of laser instrument (3) and is regulated the voltage of the long piezoelectric ceramics of laser cavity, produce laser output beam by laser instrument (3), this laser output beam, when with the orthogonal interaction of described single electron atomic beam, makes single electron atom from ground state transition to the 2 excited state;
Step S6: the laser output beam that described the first detector (6) transmits by induction is measured the absorption signal of described single electron atomic beam to laser; Described the second detector (7) is measured the fluorescence of the rear generation of single electron atom pair laser effect; Described control circuit device (4) receives the measurement result of described the first detector (6) and the second detector (7), generate the frequency error signal of laser according to measurement result, regulate electric current, temperature, the Piezoelectric Ceramic voltage of laser instrument (3) according to this frequency error signal, so that the Frequency Locking of the laser output beam of laser instrument (3), on the transition energy level of ground state transition to the 2 excited state of single electron atom, forms quantum laser frequency standard;
Step S10: the laser output beam on the transition energy level of described light comb (9) and locked ground state transition to the 2 excited state at single electron atom of described frequency is combined, thereby realizes light clock.
10. the preparation method of single electron atom light clock as claimed in claim 8 or 9, is characterized in that, described single electron atom is caesium atom, rubidium atom, potassium atom or sodium atom;
Described single electron atom is the caesium atomic time, and described laser output beam is that wavelength is the narrow-linewidth laser of 455nm or 459nm; Described laser output beam is wavelength while being the narrow-linewidth laser of 455nm, and the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in caesium atom from 6S ground state transition to 7P by control circuit device (4) 3/2quantum leap spectral line on; Described laser output beam is wavelength while being the narrow-linewidth laser of 459nm, and the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in caesium atom from 6S ground state transition to 7P by control circuit device (4) 1/2quantum leap spectral line on;
Described single electron atom is the rubidium atomic time, and described laser output beam is that wavelength is the narrow-linewidth laser of 420nm to 421nm; And the final output frequency of described laser output beam is locked in the quantum leap spectral line of rubidium atom the 2nd excited state from 5S ground state transition to 6P by control circuit device (4).
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