CN103803708B - Inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in the purification of seawater mullet - Google Patents
Inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in the purification of seawater mullet Download PDFInfo
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- CN103803708B CN103803708B CN201210443912.7A CN201210443912A CN103803708B CN 103803708 B CN103803708 B CN 103803708B CN 201210443912 A CN201210443912 A CN 201210443912A CN 103803708 B CN103803708 B CN 103803708B
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Abstract
Inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in the purification of seawater mullet, relate to sea water fish to move and grow, the method of inland freshwater is repaired in purification, the seawater mullet that grows and release is moved in eutrophication freshwater enclosure region, inland, take measure of prohibiting fishing, structure take mullet as the detritus food Food chain of core, to eat organic matter and resting stage, the blue-green algae of germination period is worked in coordination with the mode of filtering food planktonic algae and carries out purification reparation, increase waters organism transfer flowpaths, waters Organic Matter In Sediments is exported water body and substrate by mullet, reduce waters organic matter and blue-green algae background values, mullet perennation is allowed to breed, play the carbon remittance Fishery value of mullet, strengthening mullet purification repair ability, reach the effect that waters is repaired in the purification of control algae, this case enhances fish and moves and grow water purification repair, improves waters purification repair ability, does not have species invasion risk, be applicable to lake, rivers, reservoir, landscape water body, wet land system feature waters water purification repair algae control method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the purification of a kind of fish and repair inland eutrophication freshwater method, be specifically related to a kind of offshore river mouth marine fishes---mullet moves to grow repairs the method for water environment to inland eutrophic water, purification, be applicable to lake, rivers, reservoir, landscape water body, wet land system feature the purification of inland eutrophication freshwater repair algae control method and activity.
Background technology
2006, in 408 surface water monitoring sections in large water system (containing river, national boundaries) 197 rivers of China seven, the section ratio of IV ~ V class and bad V class water quality was respectively 28% and 26%.The Liaohe River, Huaihe River, the Yellow River, Song Hua River water quality are poor, and Haihe River is seriously polluted, and trunk river aquatic ecosystem health is subject to obvious impact.Lake and reservoir eutrophication problem is serious, and being formed with nitrogen and phosphorus pollution is the Water Environment In Lakes problem of essential characteristic.In 27 states's control emphasis lake (storehouse), 5, the lake (storehouse) of V class water quality, accounts for 19%; Bad V class water quality lake (storehouse) 13, accounts for 48%.Nearest investigation shows, the lake eutrophication of the Asian-Pacific area 54%, and the eutrophic lake ratio of Europe, Africa, North America and South America is respectively 53%, 28%, 48% and 41%, and China is then 60%.Taihu Lake, Dian Chi and Chaohu are in moderate eutrophic state.Lake eutrophication directly will cause deteriorating water quality, hypofunction, and aquatic ecosystem is unbalance; Eutrophic improvement there is no a lake so far and realizes water quality and ecological recovery completely, and namely eutrophication is a non-reversible process.Lake eutrophication outstanding problem, blue-green alga bloom takes place frequently, and river type waterhead area potential safety hazard is many, very easily sudden water pollution event occurs.In China, have the city tap-water factory of 1/4 to be with lake or reservoir for water source, to pollute and eutrophication makes limited Freshwater resources deficienter, drinking water safety is on the hazard, threaten to publilc health, China's rural potable water water quality condition also allows of no optimist simultaneously.Within 2011, show the centralized drinking water source environmental aspect investigation in the above city of region according to Environmental Protection Department, about 35.7 billion cubic meter source qualities are not up to standard, account for 11.4% of total supply.
Because transition is fished for, natural fisheries water fishing resources decline is serious, species diversity declines obviously, cause miniaturization of fish, fish species and quantity is caused significantly to reduce, destroy aquatic food webs network system, form the accumulation of Eutrophication materials, progressively developed to the contaminating endogenous surmounting waters detergent power by exogenous pollution, overfishing can be formed stable by food web, but the undesired new consumers and producers of people, the ability of the natural fisheries water nutritive substance of hydrocoles trans-utilization declines gradually, hydrocoles purifying treatment ability more and more can not meet the requirement of disposal of pollutants, economic construction makes a large amount of nitrogen, the natural fisheries water of the excessive input of the nutritive substances such as phosphorus, the accumulation of natural water area eutrophication is more and more serious, water quality deterioration, the public waters ecosystem is unbalance, in this case, change eutrophic state and needs are recovered habitat, repair food chain or take relatively fierce gimmick reduce storage effect make system get back to before state.China is renovating lake environment energetically in recent years, and the method that waters is repaired in purification mainly contains Physical and biological process.Physical mainly comprises machinery salvaging, Sediment Dredging, artificial aeration, and this method need expend more human and material resources and financial resources, is not suitable for water field of big area; Biological process is Reasonable adjustment aquatic food chain, utilizes nutrition and Predatory relation, and interbiotic interaction, reaches the object that waters is repaired in purification.Biological process has the advantages such as pollution-free, low consumption, sustainability, therefore receives increasing concern.
Usually carry out and comprise: sewage dams, ecological dredging, move back the comprehensive control measures of fishing also lake, power also water, restoration of the ecosystem, loke shore regulation and Huan Hu forest belt construction etc., it is not remarkable to be that ectogenic regulation and control improve Effects of Water Quality; And use biological endogenous property means, namely utilize fish, shrimp, shellfish, algae to carry out Ecological Recovery of Water for major experimental biology, effect is more obvious.The measure of natural water area restoration of the ecosystem is mainly: (1) take hygrophyte as the lakeside wetland treatment technology of core: utilize vegetation buffer zone to stop pollutent, absorb and transform; Artificial swamp is utilized pollutent to be precipitated, degrades and absorbed by hydrobiont (mainly microorganism).(2) to increase ecotechnology based on zooplankton, that directly control algae.(3) to recover waterplant, the shallow waters ecological reestablishment of the training straw-planting type ecosystem.Above ecological reestablishment measure display, aquatic higher animal does not obtain enough attention in aquatic ecosystem reparation, and the aquatic higher animal such as fish just in time can overcome the restriction of the water body depth, especially fish can take into account shoaling water and ballow, play the ability of repairing in larger waters scope.Ignore the minimizing of fish value volume and range of product, fish food chain function weakens and lacks, and ignores the water purification repair of fish decreasing pollution thing storage effect, just the place of nearly ten years unsuccessful reasons of water remediation.Harness the river with fishing, Reparation and Reconstruction water ecosystem, recovers water ecosystem structure, reduces lake endogenous pollution, realizes Lake Water function and value of services, maintains stable healthy aquatic ecosystem, can reach exogenous means can not and object.Therefore, work out best fishery scale and the mode of production, developing by the water purification fishery of " centered by water " is the development path of a fishery and environmental protection doulbe-sides' victory, guarantees the good ecotope in waters and fishery sustainable utilization.
In endogenous control algae and reparation water body method, microbial method promotes that blue-green algae is rotted at natural water and is decomposed, but has ecological risk; Suitable population density difficulty is cultivated, formed and maintained to crustacean method at natural water area; Plant method is degraded to small-molecule substance and directly could be eaten digestion blue-green algae by absorption and fish method after organic corruption, blue-green algae and organic matter are corrupt degrade before transformed and utilized.Biological restoration water body method main is at present aquatic plant purification restorative procedure, especially Herba Eichhorniae stable breeding control algae recovery scenario is the competing method of this control algae recovery scenario, the major defect of the program is the aquatic plant harvesting process at substantial manpowers such as the Herba Eichhorniae grown up to every year, the waterplant product resource difficult treatment such as the Herba Eichhorniae of harvesting, the pollution that easy formation is new, carry out ingoing river source of pollution and water pollution load summate Integration ofTechnology and demonstration, carrying out storehouse, lake blue-green alga bloom controls integrated with demonstration with ecological reestablishment, progressively improve lake region quality of water environment.
In recent years clean environment engineering is carried out rapidly, and its core is with waterplant, filter feeder, Omnivore for clean biometric, and strengthening environment cleaning function, reduces the Pollutant levels of natural water area and existence water body.At public freshwater; based on modern ecological theory; according to the specific envrionment conditions of water body; by manually putting suitable fish species and quantity in a suitable place to breed; to improve the Fish Communities composition in this waters; ensure the eubiosis, thus both reached protection water surrounding, the aquatic products power of water body can be made full use of again.
In freshwater environment, the multi-functional fish species shortage of control algae is repaired in purification, so far silver carp flathead is only had, tilapia is Ji the minority fish such as Xie Jaw silver xenocypris are as the report of freshwater control algae fish, mullet (Lizahaematocheila), have another name called cute conjunctivitis mullet, large-scale offshore river mouth marine fishes, China coast all has distribution, many south, north is few, property is active, happiness is jumped, inhabit in river mouth and bay, and can fresh water be entered, juvenile fish likes cluster, there are obvious phototaxis and rheotaxis, mullet proper salinity level is 0 ~ 38 ‰, can live in the waters of water temperature 3 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, optimum water temperature is 12 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C.Mullet is individual large, growth potential is remarkable with conversion water purification ability, it can survive in fresh water environment, can only breed in seawater, in bibliographical information, so far there are no repairs the report of fish as freshwater purification for seawater mullet, mullet is used as purification repair the multi-functional fish of control algae in lake, rivers, reservoir, pond, artificial swamp feature the method for inland eutrophication freshwater novelty application have no report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency overcoming existing large water surface environmental purification repair ability, in freshwater environment, control algae fish species rareness is repaired in purification, water purification fish food chain lacks, fish transform organic water purifying scarce capacity, there is provided a kind of seawater mullet to purify the method for repairing inland eutrophication freshwater environment, control algae ability is repaired in the purification of strengthening waters, and the method cost is low, simple to operate, there is not secondary pollution; Because mullet is seawater fish, belong to alien species at freshwater, so add purification to repair biological species, but it can only grow and irreproducible in fresh water, there is not the situation that mullet quantity increases; Output of aquatic products is increased in the process of the organic matter in trans-utilization water environment, water body is repaired in purification, plays the carbon remittance Fishery value of mullet, increase economic benefit and social benefit at freshwater, mullet population quantity reduces along with fishing for, and does not have the ecological risk of species invasion.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in the purification of seawater mullet, eutrophication freshwater enclosure region, inland transplant and releasing seawater mullet, take measure of prohibiting fishing, mullet perennation is allowed to breed, increase the time that mullet purification is repaired, structure take mullet as the detritus food Food chain of core, to eat organic matter and resting stage, the blue-green algae of germination period and the cooperative mode of filter food planktonic algae carry out purification reparation, increase eutrophication freshwater Organic Matter In Sediments exports water body and substrate transfer flowpaths by mullet, reduce waters organic matter and blue-green algae background values, cut down waters endogenous pollution, seawater mullet plays water purification reparation control algae three efficacy at freshwater, significantly improves waters purification repair ability, and mullet plays carbon remittance Fishery value at freshwater, reaches the effect that waters is repaired in the purification of control algae, seawater mullet is irreproducible in fresh water environment, does not have species invasion risk, is the waters restorative procedure of eutrophication freshwater being applicable to lake, rivers, reservoir, landscape water body, wet land system feature.
Move at inland eutrophication freshwater and grow seawater mullet, direct is excellent mullet fish body protein by organic for waters original position resourcable transformation, increase the repair of mullet water purification, reduce freshwater Eutrophic Extent, play the carbon remittance Fishery value of mullet at freshwater.
Play the inland eutrophication freshwater of the Shi You lake, waters of mullet carbon remittance Fishery value, rivers, reservoir, pond, wetland, waterhead area artificial swamp feature, seawater mullet in fresh water environment the raun development of ovary to IV after date, the freshwater environment restriction mullet ovary changed can not effectively excessively arrive the V phase, irreproducible offspring, population quantity only has minimizing to increase, and can effectively avoid mullet population to spread unchecked the species invasion ecological risk caused.
Constructing in enclosure region with mullet is the detritus Food chain of core, waters Organic Matter In Sediments before digestibility and utilization of eating fermentation decomposition, create the substance transfer flow of energy approach being exported waters Organic Matter In Sediments by mullet, cut down the organic background values in waters, play water purification repair, effectively alleviate the decomposing, purifying pressure of waters microorganism, enclosure region is arranged on inland eutrophication freshwater simultaneously, for relatively independent lake, reservoir or be less than 100km
2enclosure waters, enclosure stops the freeing in and out of mullet.
Prohibit fishing 1-5 in enclosure region, take to prohibit fishing after measure, mullet is once put in a suitable place to breed, its low temperature tolerance characteristics can guarantee that mullet constantly repairs water environment for many years within the scope of different water depth, the Catchable size limiting mullet is more than 3 kilograms, and contribution time is repaired in the purification improving every tail mullet, and potential is repaired in the purification better playing mullet, strengthening mullet purification repair ability, improving 5-50 doubly than fishing for the purification repairing effect brought then.
Every mu of waters utilizes the mullet of 30 kilograms to build mullet chip feeding habits food chain, organic debris in food of eating in mullet growing multiplication process can account for the 70-90% of gross weight, average out to 85%, to eat in the mullet anniversary waters organic matter, the organic background values in continuous reduction waters, and every square metre of waters Organic Matter In Sediments content reduces 100-350 gram every year, the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 50-80%.
Every mu of waters is moved the mullet growing survival 30 kilograms and can be eaten in the anniversary blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period, cut down waters blue-green algae background values, reduce the basis of blue algae growth breeding, and filter food planktonic algae, be fish body material in waters original position by blue-green algae trans-utilization, control spreading unchecked and breaking out of blue-green algae.
Spreading unchecked and breaking out of mullet control blue-green algae has been worked in coordination with by the algae that directly eats, filter food algae, simultaneously minimizing waters depositional organic matter three kinds of modes; Mullet eats the blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period, cuts down waters blue-green algae background values, reduces the basis of blue algae growth breeding; Filter food planktonic algae, reduce and suspend and floating algae content, converted in-situ utilizes blue-green algae; To eat waters depositional organic matter, reduce the pollution burst size that organic matter fermentation brings, alleviate the decomposition pressure of waters microorganism, play the nutrient of competition required for algae, suppress the effect of algae proliferation, reduce the organic labour intensity of artificial mechanical removal water environment.
Mullet trans-utilization blue-green algae is that blue-green algae is in the acid gizzard stomach of mullet; under the environment of PH2.0; the gelatinous sheath of acidifying blue-green algae; under grinding is stirred in the contraction of pipe smooth muscle, make blue-green algae roll into a ball miniaturization; then digest and assimilate under the effect of enteron aisle digestive ferment; the symbiotic microorganism of enteron aisle back segment decomposes the blue-green algae and organic matter that utilize and eat further, and the surplus materials after mullet digestibility and utilization makes waters organic matter particle miniaturization, is conducive to the capacity of decomposition strengthening waters microorganism.
Fresh water eutrophic water develop original position directly apply marine fishes mullet eat transformation purification repair algae control method, at eutrophication freshwater, there are triple effects that control algae is repaired in purification, suppress blue-green algae to be spread unchecked than waterplant method competition nutritive substance, the treatment process that waters is repaired in purification is more advanced more directly more efficiently more scientific.
The purification of seawater mullet is repaired inland eutrophication freshwater method and is completed by following steps: the inland eutrophication freshwater 1. playing the Shi You lake, waters of mullet carbon remittance Fishery value, rivers, reservoir, pond, wetland, waterhead area artificial swamp feature, seawater mullet is raun development of ovary IV after date in fresh water environment, the freshwater environment restriction mullet changed can not effectively excessively arrive the V phase, irreproducible offspring, can effectively avoid species invasion risk; 2. move at inland eutrophication freshwater and grow seawater mullet, be directly excellent fish body protein at inland eutrophication freshwater by organic for waters original position resourcable transformation, increase the repair of mullet water purification, reduce waters Eutrophic Extent, play the carbon remittance Fishery value of mullet; 3. be the detritus food Food chain of core with mullet at enclosure region structure, by digestibility and utilization of eating before waters Organic Matter In Sediments fermentation decomposition, increase Organic Matter In Sediments exports waters substance transfer flow of energy approach by mullet, reduce the organic background values in waters, play water purification repair, enclosure region is relatively independent lake, reservoir or is less than 100km
2enclosure waters; 4. prohibit fishing 1-5 in enclosure region, take to prohibit fishing after measure, mullet low temperature tolerance characteristics enables the mullet once put in a suitable place to breed constantly repair water environment for many years within the scope of different water depth, the Catchable size limiting mullet is more than 3 kilograms, improve the purification reparation contribution of every tail mullet, potential is repaired in the purification of better performance mullet, strengthens mullet purification repair ability, improves 5-50 doubly than fishing for the purification repairing effect brought then; 5. every mu of waters utilizes the mullet of 30 kilograms to build mullet chip feeding habits food chain, mullet organic debris in food of eating can account for the 70-90% of gross weight, average out to 85%, in mullet growing multiplication process, the anniversary constantly cuts down waters organic matter, every square metre of waters Organic Matter In Sediments content reduces 100-350 gram every year, and the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 50-80%.6. every mu of waters is moved can eat in the anniversary blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period of the mullet growing survival 30 kilograms and is cut down waters blue-green algae background values, reduce the basis of blue algae growth breeding, and filter food planktonic algae, be fish body material in waters original position by blue-green algae trans-utilization, control spreading unchecked and breaking out of blue-green algae; 7. mullet controls spreading unchecked of blue-green algae and breaks out mode outer, also reduce the nutritive substance that blue-green algae needs by reducing waters depositional organic matter mode control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae and break out by directly eating and filtering the mode of eating algae; Mullet eats the blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period, cuts down waters blue-green algae background values, reduces the basis of blue algae growth breeding; Filter food planktonic algae, reduce and suspend and floating algae content, converted in-situ utilizes blue-green algae; To eat waters depositional organic matter, reduce the pollution burst size that organic matter fermentation brings, alleviate the decomposition pressure of waters microorganism, play the nutrient of competition required for algae, suppress the effect of the propagation of algae, reduce the organic labour intensity of artificial mechanical removal water environment, reduce the transfer amount that blue-green algae pollutes; 8. mullet trans-utilization blue-green algae is that blue-green algae is in the acid gizzard stomach of mullet, under the environment of PH2.0, the gelatinous sheath of acidifying blue-green algae, under grinding is stirred in the contraction of pipe smooth muscle, make blue-green algae roll into a ball miniaturization, then digest and assimilate under the effect of enteron aisle digestive ferment, the symbiotic microorganism of enteron aisle back segment decomposes the blue-green algae and organic matter that utilize and eat further; Surplus materials after mullet digestibility and utilization makes waters organic matter particle miniaturization, is conducive to the capacity of decomposition strengthening waters microorganism; 9. develop at fresh water eutrophic water the transformation of eating that original position directly applies marine fishes mullet, there are triple effects that control algae is repaired in purification, spread unchecked than the indirect suppression blue-green algae of waterplant method competition nutritive substance, the treatment process in purification reparation waters is more advanced more directly more efficiently more scientific indirectly.
Comparative advantages between Biological control method embody advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
1. large-area waterplant reduces aquaculture water capacity, absorbs nitrogen phosphorus in water, plays the effect with blue-green algae competition for nutrients, and directly do not control and transform blue-green algae, Eutrophic Extent heavier water remediation rate is not high; Simultaneously the exotic plant competitiveness control algae such as Herba Eichhorniae can cause the new problems such as species invasion.
2. microbiological manipulation algae just decomposes utilization after algae putrid fermentation, and relevant nutrient is got back in water surrounding again, there is health risk and ecological risk simultaneously, and cannot large-area applications.
3. improve zooplankton quantity in water and control algae content, zooplankton quantity multiplication regulatory difficulty is large, and the later-stage utilization of zooplankton is again new problem, and act on not obvious in the large water surface and deep water body, success ratio is not high.
4. the large-scale blue-green algae of fish such as silver carp flathead, do not have these digestion organs of stomach, digestion ability is weak, control algae inefficiency, and can not eat small molecules blue-green algae, and digestibility and utilization degree is low, and number needs desired amount is too large, and control algae effect is unsatisfactory.The reason of this non-large-area applications of silver carp bighead control algae just.
Part fish directly can eat and digest blue-green algae, transformed before blue-green algae corruption and utilized, the limitation of application is all embodied in the freshwater fish control algae result such as silver carp bighead, tilapia of report, be mainly manifested in silver carp bighead in practice process and ability of eating is lacked to small-particle blue-green algae, poor to the blue-green algae digestion ability of eating, also occur that blue-green algae spreads unchecked event at main tilapia cultivating pool of supporting.
The present invention has following advanced character:
1. the present invention extends and repairs waters kind, and by breeding in seawater, in fresh water, irreproducible mullet is introduced in eutrophic water, is used as clean reparation fish, is the Innovation and application that freshwater repairs biological species.
2. benefit of the present invention is the carbon of mullet remittance Fishery value to apply in freshwater, utilize the mullet introduced to build and strengthening fish food chain function, detritus material of eating, cuts down waters blue-green algae background values, trans-utilization blue-green algae and organic matter, water purifying environment.
3. the present invention builds chip feeding habits food chain at eutrophic water, mullet digests and assimilates eating of freshwater Organic Matter In Sediments in strengthening, build the waters detrital food chain centered by mullet, promote organic decomposition and utilization, optimize the approach of matter and energy circulation in aquatic ecosystem, after mullet trans-utilization freshwater depositional organic matter, take organic matter out of aquatic ecosystem, reduce water body eutrophication degree.
4. in the present invention seawater mullet in the application of fresh water eutrophic water, although be alien species, but the characteristic that mullet can only breed in the seawater determines mullet quantity can not be increased, simultaneously the characteristic of mullet high-quality protein is applicable to the mankind and is used, through fishing for the biomass that effectively can control mullet, there is no ecological invasion risk.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail by following embodiment, but this embodiment the technology contents that describes be illustrative, instead of determinate, protection scope of the present invention should do not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
1. the inland eutrophication freshwater of the Shi You lake, waters of mullet carbon remittance Fishery value, rivers, reservoir, pond, wetland, waterhead area artificial swamp feature is played, seawater mullet is raun development of ovary IV after date in fresh water environment, the freshwater environment restriction mullet changed can not effectively excessively arrive the V phase, irreproducible offspring, can effectively avoid species invasion risk; 2. move at inland eutrophication freshwater and grow seawater mullet, be directly excellent fish body protein at inland eutrophication freshwater by organic for waters original position resourcable transformation, increase the repair of mullet water purification, reduce waters Eutrophic Extent, play the carbon remittance Fishery value of mullet; 3. be the detritus food Food chain of core with mullet at enclosure region structure, by digestibility and utilization of eating before waters Organic Matter In Sediments fermentation decomposition, increase Organic Matter In Sediments exports waters substance transfer flow of energy approach by mullet, reduce the organic background values in waters, play water purification repair, enclosure region is relatively independent lake, reservoir or is less than 100km
2enclosure waters; 4. prohibit fishing 1-5 in enclosure region, take to prohibit fishing after measure, mullet low temperature tolerance characteristics enables the mullet once put in a suitable place to breed constantly repair water environment for many years within the scope of different water depth, the Catchable size limiting mullet is more than 3 kilograms, improve the purification reparation contribution of every tail mullet, potential is repaired in the purification of better performance mullet, strengthens mullet purification repair ability, improves 5-50 doubly than fishing for the purification repairing effect brought then; 5. the mullet seedling of 200 tail 3-4 centimetres is put in every mu, enclosure region in a suitable place to breed, when the end of the year mullet specification reach 150 grams, the biomass of every mu of waters mullet reaches 30 kilograms then, can control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae, promotes the purification in waters; In every mu of waters, two age mullet need the initial stocking rate of 10 kilograms, just can control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae, promote the purification in waters, mullet specification will reach about 750 grams in the end of the year; In every mu of waters, three age mullet need the initial stocking rate of 5 kilograms, just can control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae, promote the purification in waters, mullet specification will reach about 1500 grams in the end of the year; Every mu of waters utilizes the mullet of 30 kilograms to build mullet chip feeding habits food chain, mullet organic debris in food of eating can account for the 70-90% of gross weight, average out to 85%, in mullet growing multiplication process, the anniversary constantly cuts down waters organic matter, every square metre of waters Organic Matter In Sediments content reduces 100-350 gram every year, and the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 50-80%.6. every mu of waters is moved can eat in the anniversary blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period of the mullet growing survival 30 kilograms and is cut down waters blue-green algae background values, reduce the basis of blue algae growth breeding, and filter food planktonic algae, be fish body material in waters original position by blue-green algae trans-utilization, control spreading unchecked and breaking out of blue-green algae; 7. mullet controls spreading unchecked of blue-green algae and breaks out mode outer, also reduce the nutritive substance that blue-green algae needs by reducing waters depositional organic matter mode control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae and break out by directly eating and filtering the mode of eating algae; Mullet eats the blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period, cuts down waters blue-green algae background values, reduces the basis of blue algae growth breeding; Filter food planktonic algae, reduce and suspend and floating algae content, converted in-situ utilizes blue-green algae; To eat waters depositional organic matter, reduce the pollution burst size that organic matter fermentation brings, alleviate the decomposition pressure of waters microorganism, play the nutrient of competition required for algae, suppress the effect of the propagation of algae, reduce the organic labour intensity of artificial mechanical removal water environment, reduce the transfer amount that blue-green algae pollutes; 8. mullet trans-utilization blue-green algae is that blue-green algae is in the acid gizzard stomach of mullet, under the environment of PH2.0, the gelatinous sheath of acidifying blue-green algae, under grinding is stirred in the contraction of pipe smooth muscle, make blue-green algae roll into a ball miniaturization, then digest and assimilate under the effect of enteron aisle digestive ferment, the symbiotic microorganism of enteron aisle back segment decomposes the blue-green algae and organic matter that utilize and eat further; Surplus materials after mullet digestibility and utilization makes waters organic matter particle miniaturization, is conducive to the capacity of decomposition strengthening waters microorganism; 9. develop at fresh water eutrophic water the transformation of eating that original position directly applies marine fishes mullet, there are triple effects that control algae is repaired in purification, spread unchecked than the indirect suppression blue-green algae of waterplant method competition nutritive substance, the treatment process in purification reparation waters is more advanced more directly more efficiently more scientific indirectly.
Embodiment 2
1. move at lake fresh water eutrophic water and grow mullet, seawater mullet is irreproducible in fresh water environment, does not have species invasion risk; 2. move at inland eutrophication freshwater and grow seawater mullet, be directly excellent fish body protein at inland eutrophication freshwater by organic for waters original position resourcable transformation, increase the repair of mullet water purification, reduce waters Eutrophic Extent, play the carbon remittance Fishery value of mullet; 3. be the detritus food Food chain of core with mullet at enclosure region structure, by digestibility and utilization of eating before waters Organic Matter In Sediments fermentation decomposition, increase Organic Matter In Sediments exports waters substance transfer flow of energy approach by mullet, reduce the organic background values in waters, play water purification repair, enclosure region is relatively independent lake, reservoir or is less than 100km
2enclosure waters; 4. the mullet seedling of 200 tail 3-4 centimetres is put in every mu, enclosure region in a suitable place to breed, when the end of the year mullet specification reach 150 grams, the biomass of every mu of waters mullet reaches 30 kilograms then, can control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae, promotes the purification in waters; Prohibit fishing 1 year in enclosure region, take to prohibit fishing after measure, mullet low temperature tolerance characteristics enables the mullet once put in a suitable place to breed constantly repair water environment for many years within the scope of different water depth, improve the purification reparation contribution of every tail mullet, potential is repaired in the purification of better performance mullet, strengthening mullet purification repair ability, improve 5 times than fishing for the purification repairing effect brought then, and every square metre of organic content of waters settling own reducing 100 grams by 1000 grams every year; 5. every mu of waters utilizes the mullet of 30 kilograms to build mullet chip feeding habits food chain, mullet organic debris in food of eating can account for the 70-90% of gross weight, average out to 85%, in mullet growing multiplication process, the anniversary constantly cuts down waters organic matter, every square metre of waters Organic Matter In Sediments content reduces 100 grams every year, and the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 50%; 6. every mu of waters is moved can the eat blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period of the mullet growing survival 30 kilograms and is cut down waters blue-green algae background values, reduce the basis of blue algae growth breeding, and the mode trans-utilization blue-green algae of collaborative filter food planktonic algae, control spreading unchecked and breaking out of blue-green algae; 7. mullet control blue-green algae to spread unchecked and break out be directly to eat and the mode of filtering food algae works in coordination with that minimizing waters depositional organic matter mode completes; Mullet eats the blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period, cuts down waters blue-green algae background values, reduces the basis of blue algae growth breeding; Filter food planktonic algae, reduces and suspends and floating algae content; To eat waters depositional organic matter, reduce the pollution burst size that organic matter fermentation brings, the nutrient of competition required for algae, suppresses the propagation of algae, reduces the organic labour intensity of artificial mechanical removal water environment; 8. mullet trans-utilization blue-green algae is that blue-green algae enters in the acid gizzard stomach of mullet, under the environment of PH2.0, the gelatinous sheath of acidifying blue-green algae, under grinding is stirred in the contraction of pipe smooth muscle, make blue-green algae roll into a ball miniaturization, then digest and assimilate under the effect of enteron aisle digestive ferment, the symbiotic microorganism of enteron aisle back segment decomposes the blue-green algae and organic matter that utilize and eat further; 9. develop the eat purification of transformation of directly application marine fishes mullet at fresh water eutrophic water and repair algae control method, have the multiple effect of repairing control algae in eutrophic water purification, the purification repair process waters treatment process of being spread unchecked by microbial process indirect competition nutritive substance, suppression blue-green algae than waterplant is more directly efficient.
Embodiment 3
1. move at rivers fresh water eutrophic water and grow mullet, seawater mullet is irreproducible in fresh water environment, does not have species invasion risk; 2. move at inland eutrophication freshwater and grow seawater mullet, be directly excellent fish body protein at inland eutrophication freshwater by organic for waters original position resourcable transformation, increase the repair of mullet water purification, reduce waters Eutrophic Extent, play the carbon remittance Fishery value of mullet; 3. be the detritus food Food chain of core with mullet at enclosure region structure, by digestibility and utilization of eating before waters Organic Matter In Sediments fermentation decomposition, increase Organic Matter In Sediments exports waters substance transfer flow of energy approach by mullet, reduce the organic background values in waters, play water purification repair, enclosure region is relatively independent lake, reservoir or is less than 100km
2enclosure waters; 4. the mullet seedling of 200 tail 3-4 centimetres is put in every mu, enclosure region in a suitable place to breed, when the end of the year mullet specification reach 150 grams, the biomass of every mu of waters mullet reaches 30 kilograms then, can control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae, promotes the purification in waters; In every mu of waters, two age mullet need the initial stocking rate of 10 kilograms, just can control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae, promote the purification in waters, mullet specification will reach about 750 grams in the end of the year; Prohibit fishing 2 years in enclosure region, take to prohibit fishing after measure, mullet low temperature tolerance characteristics enables the mullet once put in a suitable place to breed constantly repair water environment for many years within the scope of different water depth, the Catchable size limiting mullet is more than 3 kilograms, improve the purification reparation contribution of every tail mullet, potential is repaired in the purification of better performance mullet, strengthen mullet purification repair ability, than fishing for the purification repairing effect brought improves 10 times then, and every square metre of organic content of waters settling own reduces 200 grams by 1000 grams every year; 5. every mu of waters utilizes the mullet of 30 kilograms to build mullet chip feeding habits food chain, mullet organic debris in food of eating can account for the 70-90% of gross weight, average out to 85%, in mullet growing multiplication process, the anniversary constantly cuts down waters organic matter, every square metre of waters Organic Matter In Sediments content reduces 200 grams every year, and the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 60%; 6. every mu of waters is moved can the eat blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period of the mullet growing survival 30 kilograms and is cut down waters blue-green algae background values, reduce the basis of blue algae growth breeding, and the mode trans-utilization blue-green algae of collaborative filter food planktonic algae, control spreading unchecked and breaking out of blue-green algae; 7. mullet control blue-green algae to spread unchecked and break out be directly to eat and the mode of filtering food algae works in coordination with that minimizing waters depositional organic matter mode completes; Mullet eats the blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period, cuts down waters blue-green algae background values, reduces the basis of blue algae growth breeding; Filter food planktonic algae, reduces and suspends and floating algae content; To eat waters depositional organic matter, reduce the pollution burst size that organic matter fermentation brings, the nutrient of competition required for algae, suppresses the propagation of algae, reduces the organic labour intensity of artificial mechanical removal water environment; 8. mullet trans-utilization blue-green algae is that blue-green algae enters in the acid gizzard stomach of mullet, under the environment of PH2.0, the gelatinous sheath of acidifying blue-green algae, under grinding is stirred in the contraction of pipe smooth muscle, make blue-green algae roll into a ball miniaturization, then digest and assimilate under the effect of enteron aisle digestive ferment, the symbiotic microorganism of enteron aisle back segment decomposes the blue-green algae and organic matter that utilize and eat further; 9. develop the eat purification of transformation of directly application marine fishes mullet at fresh water eutrophic water and repair algae control method, have the multiple effect of repairing control algae in eutrophic water purification, the purification repair process waters treatment process of being spread unchecked by microbial process indirect competition nutritive substance, suppression blue-green algae than waterplant is more directly efficient.
Embodiment 4
1. move at reservoir fresh water eutrophic water and grow mullet, seawater mullet is irreproducible in fresh water environment, does not have species invasion risk; 2. move at inland eutrophication freshwater and grow seawater mullet, be directly excellent fish body protein at inland eutrophication freshwater by organic for waters original position resourcable transformation, increase the repair of mullet water purification, the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 80%, reduce waters Eutrophic Extent, play the carbon remittance Fishery value of mullet; 3. be the detritus food Food chain of core with mullet at enclosure region structure, by digestibility and utilization of eating before waters Organic Matter In Sediments fermentation decomposition, increase Organic Matter In Sediments exports waters substance transfer flow of energy approach by mullet, reduce the organic background values in waters, play water purification repair, enclosure region is relatively independent lake, reservoir or is less than 100km
2enclosure waters; 4. the mullet seedling of 200 tail 3-4 centimetres is put in every mu, enclosure region in a suitable place to breed, when the end of the year mullet specification reach 150 grams, the biomass of every mu of waters mullet reaches 30 kilograms then, can control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae, promotes the purification in waters; In every mu of waters, two age mullet need the initial stocking rate of 10 kilograms, just can control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae, promote the purification in waters, mullet specification will reach about 750 grams in the end of the year; In every mu of waters, three age mullet need the initial stocking rate of 5 kilograms, just can control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae, promote the purification in waters, mullet specification will reach about 1500 grams in the end of the year; Prohibit fishing 3 years in enclosure region, take to prohibit fishing after measure, mullet low temperature tolerance characteristics enables the mullet once put in a suitable place to breed constantly repair water environment for many years within the scope of different water depth, the Catchable size limiting mullet is more than 3 kilograms, improve the purification reparation contribution of every tail mullet, potential is repaired in the purification of better performance mullet, strengthen mullet purification repair ability, than fishing for the purification repairing effect brought improves 10 times then, and every square metre of organic content of waters settling own reduces 300 grams by 1000 grams every year; 5. every mu of waters utilizes the mullet of 30 kilograms to build mullet chip feeding habits food chain, mullet organic debris in food of eating can account for the 70-90% of gross weight, average out to 85%, in mullet growing multiplication process, the anniversary constantly cuts down waters organic matter, every square metre of waters Organic Matter In Sediments content reduces 300 grams every year, and the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 80%; 6. every mu of waters is moved can the eat blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period of the mullet growing survival 30 kilograms and is cut down waters blue-green algae background values, reduce the basis of blue algae growth breeding, and the mode trans-utilization blue-green algae of collaborative filter food planktonic algae, control spreading unchecked and breaking out of blue-green algae; 7. mullet control blue-green algae to spread unchecked and break out be directly to eat and the mode of filtering food algae works in coordination with that minimizing waters depositional organic matter mode completes; Mullet eats the blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period, cuts down waters blue-green algae background values, reduces the basis of blue algae growth breeding; Filter food planktonic algae, reduces and suspends and floating algae content; To eat waters depositional organic matter, reduce the pollution burst size that organic matter fermentation brings, the nutrient of competition required for algae, suppresses the propagation of algae, reduces the organic labour intensity of artificial mechanical removal water environment; 8. mullet trans-utilization blue-green algae is that blue-green algae enters in the acid gizzard stomach of mullet, under the environment of PH2.0, the gelatinous sheath of acidifying blue-green algae, under grinding is stirred in the contraction of pipe smooth muscle, make blue-green algae roll into a ball miniaturization, then digest and assimilate under the effect of enteron aisle digestive ferment, the symbiotic microorganism of enteron aisle back segment decomposes the blue-green algae and organic matter that utilize and eat further; 9. develop the eat purification of transformation of directly application marine fishes mullet at fresh water eutrophic water and repair algae control method, have the multiple effect of repairing control algae in eutrophic water purification, the purification repair process waters treatment process of being spread unchecked by microbial process indirect competition nutritive substance, suppression blue-green algae than waterplant is more directly efficient.
Embodiment 5
1. in lake, the fresh water eutrophic water of rivers, reservoir feature moves and grows mullet, seawater mullet is irreproducible in fresh water environment, does not have species invasion risk; 2. move at inland eutrophication freshwater and grow seawater mullet, be directly excellent fish body protein at inland eutrophication freshwater by organic for waters original position resourcable transformation, increase the repair of mullet water purification, the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 80%, reduce waters Eutrophic Extent, play the carbon remittance Fishery value of mullet; 3. be the detritus food Food chain of core with mullet at enclosure region structure, by digestibility and utilization of eating before waters Organic Matter In Sediments fermentation decomposition, increase Organic Matter In Sediments exports waters substance transfer flow of energy approach by mullet, reduce the organic background values in waters, play water purification repair, enclosure region is relatively independent lake, reservoir or is less than 100km
2enclosure waters; 4. the mullet seedling of 200 tail 3-4 centimetres is put in every mu, enclosure region in a suitable place to breed, when the end of the year mullet specification reach 150 grams, the biomass of every mu of waters mullet reaches 30 kilograms then, can control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae, promotes the purification in waters; In every mu of waters, two age mullet need the initial stocking rate of 10 kilograms, just can control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae, promote the purification in waters, mullet specification will reach about 750 grams in the end of the year; In every mu of waters, three age mullet need the initial stocking rate of 5 kilograms, just can control spreading unchecked of blue-green algae, promote the purification in waters, mullet specification will reach about 1500 grams in the end of the year; Prohibit fishing 5 years in enclosure region, take to prohibit fishing after measure, mullet low temperature tolerance characteristics enables the mullet once put in a suitable place to breed constantly repair water environment for many years within the scope of different water depth, the Catchable size limiting mullet is more than 3 kilograms, improve the purification reparation contribution of every tail mullet, potential is repaired in the purification of better performance mullet, strengthen mullet purification repair ability, than fishing for the purification repairing effect brought improves 20 times then, and every square metre of organic content of waters settling own reduces 350 grams by 1000 grams every year; 5. every mu of waters utilizes the mullet of 30 kilograms to build mullet chip feeding habits food chain, mullet organic debris in food of eating can account for the 70-90% of gross weight, average out to 85%, in mullet growing multiplication process, the anniversary constantly cuts down waters organic matter, every square metre of waters Organic Matter In Sediments content reduces 100-350 gram every year, and the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 80%; 6. every mu of waters is moved can the eat blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period of the mullet growing survival 30 kilograms and is cut down waters blue-green algae background values, reduce the basis of blue algae growth breeding, and the mode trans-utilization blue-green algae of collaborative filter food planktonic algae, control spreading unchecked and breaking out of blue-green algae; 7. mullet control blue-green algae to spread unchecked and break out be directly to eat and the mode of filtering food algae works in coordination with that minimizing waters depositional organic matter mode completes; Mullet eats the blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period, cuts down waters blue-green algae background values, reduces the basis of blue algae growth breeding; Filter food planktonic algae, reduces and suspends and floating algae content; To eat waters depositional organic matter, reduce the pollution burst size that organic matter fermentation brings, the nutrient of competition required for algae, suppresses the propagation of algae, reduces the organic labour intensity of artificial mechanical removal water environment; 8. mullet trans-utilization blue-green algae is that blue-green algae enters in the acid gizzard stomach of mullet, under the environment of PH2.0, the gelatinous sheath of acidifying blue-green algae, under grinding is stirred in the contraction of pipe smooth muscle, make blue-green algae roll into a ball miniaturization, then digest and assimilate under the effect of enteron aisle digestive ferment, the symbiotic microorganism of enteron aisle back segment decomposes the blue-green algae and organic matter that utilize and eat further; 9. develop the eat purification of transformation of directly application marine fishes mullet at fresh water eutrophic water and repair algae control method, have the multiple effect of repairing control algae in eutrophic water purification, the purification repair process waters treatment process of being spread unchecked by microbial process indirect competition nutritive substance, suppression blue-green algae than waterplant is more directly efficient.
This case has and moves the exclusive right of growing mullet at the eutrophic water environment of inland-lake pool, river course, reservoir, pond, landscape water body, artificial swamp feature, has freshwater and realizes mullet carbon and converge the exclusive right of Fishery value.At fresh water eutrophic water, mullet move foster area size, interests that quantity, purposes difference do not affect this case.This case also has and utilizes mullet to improve water quality and the economic activity increased for the purpose of fishery products outputs and social activity exclusive right at natural eutrophication freshwater, natural eutrophication freshwater any for article mullet be object handing-over both sides, both sides of supply and demand, grant and accept the rights and interests that both sides all invade this case.
Claims (10)
1. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in the purification of seawater mullet, comprises following feature: eutrophication freshwater enclosure region, inland transplant and releasing seawater mullet; Take measure of prohibiting fishing, allow mullet perennation breed, increase the time that mullet purification is repaired, building with mullet is the detritus food Food chain of core; Eat organic and resting stage, the blue-green algae of germination period and the cooperative mode of filter food planktonic algae carries out purification reparation, increase eutrophication freshwater Organic Matter In Sediments exports water body and substrate transfer flowpaths by mullet, reduce waters organic matter and blue-green algae background values, cut down waters endogenous pollution; Seawater mullet plays water purification reparation control algae three efficacy at freshwater, significantly improves waters purification repair ability.
2. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that moving at inland eutrophication freshwater growing seawater mullet, direct is mullet fish body protein by organic for waters original position resourcable transformation, increase the repair of mullet water purification, the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 80%, reduce freshwater Eutrophic Extent, play the carbon remittance Fishery value of mullet at freshwater.
3. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the waters playing mullet carbon remittance Fishery value is the inland eutrophication freshwater with lake, rivers, reservoir, pond, wetland characteristics, seawater mullet is irreproducible offspring in fresh water environment, effectively can avoid the species invasion risk that mullet population is spread unchecked.
4. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that constructing in enclosure region with mullet is the detritus Food chain of core, to eat digestibility and utilization before Organic Matter In Sediments fermentation in waters is decomposed, increase Organic Matter In Sediments exports waters substance transfer flow of energy approach by mullet, reduce the organic background values in waters, play water purification repair, effectively alleviate the decomposing, purifying pressure of waters microorganism simultaneously, enclosure region is arranged on inland eutrophication freshwater, for relatively independent lake, reservoir or be less than 100km
2enclosure waters, enclosure stops the freeing in and out of mullet.
5. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that prohibiting fishing 1-5 in enclosure region, take to prohibit fishing after measure, mullet low temperature tolerance characteristics enables the mullet once put in a suitable place to breed constantly repair water environment for many years within the scope of different water depth, the Catchable size limiting mullet is more than 3 kilograms, contribution time is repaired in the purification improving every tail mullet, potential is repaired in the purification of better performance mullet, strengthening mullet purification repair ability, improving 5-50 doubly than fishing for the purification repairing effect brought then.
6. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that every mu of waters utilizes the mullet of 30 kilograms to build mullet chip feeding habits food chain, organic debris in food of eating in mullet growing multiplication process can account for the 70-90% of gross weight, average out to 85%, to eat in the mullet anniversary waters organic matter, the organic background values in continuous reduction waters, every square metre of waters Organic Matter In Sediments content reduces 100-350 gram every year, and the output efficiency of waters Organic Matter In Sediments improves 50-80%.
7. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that every mu of waters is moved can eat in the anniversary blue-green algae of resting stage and germination period of the mullet growing survival 30 kilograms and cut down waters blue-green algae background values, reduce the basis of blue algae growth breeding, and filter food planktonic algae, be fish body material in waters original position by blue-green algae trans-utilization, control spreading unchecked and breaking out of blue-green algae.
8. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet according to claim 1 purification, it is characterized in that mullet control blue-green algae to spread unchecked and break out be worked in coordination with by mode, simultaneously the minimizing waters depositional organic matter mode of directly eating and filter food algae.
9. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that mullet trans-utilization blue-green algae is that blue-green algae is in the acid gizzard stomach of mullet, under the environment of pH2.0, the gelatinous sheath of acidifying blue-green algae, under grinding is stirred in the contraction of pipe smooth muscle, make blue-green algae roll into a ball miniaturization, then digest and assimilate under the effect of enteron aisle digestive ferment, the symbiotic microorganism of enteron aisle back segment decomposes the blue-green algae and organic matter that utilize and eat further, surplus materials after mullet digestibility and utilization makes waters organic matter particle miniaturization, be conducive to the capacity of decomposition strengthening waters microorganism.
10. inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in seawater mullet purification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that fresh water eutrophic water develop original position directly apply marine fishes mullet eat transformation purification repair algae control method, at eutrophication freshwater, there are triple effects that control algae is repaired in purification, suppress blue-green algae to be spread unchecked than waterplant method competition nutritive substance, the treatment process that waters is repaired in purification is more advanced more directly more efficiently more scientific.
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| CN102084842A (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-08 | 上海能正渔业科技开发有限公司 | Method for controlling algae in freshwater pond by cultivating mullets |
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