CN103799975A - Adaptive-optics OCT retina imager using coherence-gated wavefront sensor - Google Patents
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Abstract
An adaptive-optics OCT retina imager using a coherence-gated wavefront sensor comprises a light source, a polarizer, a first broadband polarization light splitting prism, a second broadband polarization light splitting prism, a first lambda/4 wave plate, a second lambda/4 wave plate, a first broadband light splitting plate, a second broadband light splitting plate, a deformation mirror, a two-dimensional scanner, a microlens array, a first polarization analyzer, a second polarization analyzer, a wavefront detector, a reference mirror, an imaging detection module, a data acquisition card, a computer, a function generation card, a high-voltage amplifier and the like. By adopting the coherence-gated wavefront sensing technology, the adaptive-optics OCT retina imager collects and corrects wavefront aberrations of an imaged layer in a retina and therefore filters wavefront aberrations produced by other layers and devices in an optical path, and transverse resolution close to the diffraction limit is obtained; besides, the Fourier domain OCT technology comprising spectral domain OCT and sweep frequency OCT is adopted for conducting high-resolution longitudinal tomography of the retina. The adaptive-optics OCT retina imager has the advantages that wavefront detection is insensitive to stray light, the strength of wavefront detection signals can be enhanced, and the external dimension of the adaptive-optics OCT retina imager is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the amphiblestroid high-resolution imaging instrument device of living human eye, especially relate to a kind of three-dimension high-resolution adaptive optics OCT retina image-forming instrument that adopts relevant door wavefront sensing technology.
Background technology
The introducing of adaptive optics (AO) technology, makes the quality of the optical fundus retinal images being obtained by technology such as optical coherent chromatographic imaging (OCT), scanning laser ophthalmoscopes obtain great raising.AO technology is by Wavefront sensor (WFS), wavefront appliance and these ingredients of controller.Common Wavefront sensor has the types such as laser beam trace, Shack-Hartmann (SH) and pyramid, and they all can only survey the cross direction profiles of wave front aberration, and the aberration information along deep decomposition can not be provided.Wherein the most widely used is Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SH-WFS), it is made up of microlens array and CCD or CMOS two-dimensional detector, light is divided into by each lenticule of microlens array the beamlet being separated from each other on space, then is focused on two-way detector array by lenticule separately.Each lenticule only intercepts the very fraction on incident beam corrugated, it can cause focal beam spot barycenter off-center position with respect to the inclination on desirable corrugated.But there is following limitation in above-mentioned traditional SH-WFS:
1) insensitive along the variation of depth direction to wave front aberration.Because the numerical aperture of each lenticule detection channels is less, also there is larger focal depth range, make SH-WFS insensitive in the position of depth direction to measuring object, and the place that useful signal produces just here.Departing from of the hot spot relative ideal corrugated hot spot that SH-WFS receives is the result of all aberration summations in the confocal focal depth range being formed by each lenticule detection channels.In the time of high-resolution micro-imaging, shallow layer tissue can make corrugated gross distortion, thereby have influence on the more observation of deep tissues, the therefore measurement of deep decomposition wave front aberration, also how to eliminate the impact of shallow layer tissue and only measure the aberration of more deep tissues to be seen, seem particularly important.
2) to veiling glare sensitivity.Because the numerical aperture of each lenticule detection channels is less, the reflect stray light that optic interface place produces can not, by filtering, adopt and solve in the method for interface usage space filtering conventionally.But in the time of eyes imaging, space filtering still completely filtering from cornea and lenticular reflection.In order to reduce corneal reflex veiling glare, following methods has been carried out: (a) lens of interface and reflecting mirror are arranged from axle; (b) eliminate direct reflection with polarized light splitting device; (c) adopt off-axis illumination, make the light beam returning from retina along the path transmission different with crystalline lens retroreflection light beam from cornea.But these methods all exist shortcoming separately: (a) cause more serious aberration; (b) cause the loss of signal and depend on the polarization characteristic of sample; (c) require imaging optical path and Wavefront detecting light path separately, need to use two light sources.Visible, numerous boundary reflection veiling glare in light path, can on the detector of SH-WFS, form very strong signal, even if do not make detector saturated, the hot spot being produced by them also can be obscured mutually with real useful hot spot in the time of wavefront aberration calculation, but also has no idea at present the two difference to be come.
In the retina imaging system of employing AO technology, the problem of reflect stray light can be utilized monochromatic light journey wavefront to correct and solve, and only the light beam returning from eyes is carried out to wavefront rectification, and incident beam does not enter WFS at the reflected light of each generation of interfaces.Now, if imaging system and Wavefront detecting use same light source, imaging and aberration measurement operation just can not be carried out simultaneously so, also can not in the time of imaging, dynamically correct aberration, conventionally can adopt dichroic mirror and different wavelength to realize wavefront and dynamically correct.Two light path wavefront are corrected can solve above-mentioned contradiction, and in the time that imaging system and Wavefront detecting use same light beam, incident beam and all collected and rectifications of wave front aberration from sample Returning beam, can make imaging and Wavefront detecting operate and carry out simultaneously.But the reflect stray light producing for fear of optical interface place, need between transversal scanning mechanism and sample, use curved reflector, but this can increase apparent size and the cost of instrument, and corneal reflex problem still exists.
Relevant door wavefront sensing (Coherence-gated wavefront sensing) technology adopts principle of interference to carry out measuring wavefront aberrations, only has the just collected and rectification of aberration that approaches that one deck equating in sample with reference arm light path, and the boundary reflection optical signal of all devices in other layer in sample and light path, all by filtering, the dynamic rectification of wave front aberration when therefore it is very suitable for high-resolution imaging.
OCT is a kind of interference imaging technology, and the door wavefront sensing technology that can seamlessly and be concerned with combines, and realizes and in same set of system, carries out Wavefront detecting and imaging operation simultaneously, and they can use identical light source, sample arm sweep mechanism and reference arm etc.AO-OCT technology has been the powerful of living human eye retina high-resolution realtime imaging, but existing AO-OCT system all adopts traditional Wavefront detecting technology to obtain aberration.Yet there are no the relevant report of the AO-OCT retina image-forming technology that adopts relevant door wavefront sensing technology.
Summary of the invention
The technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the adaptive optics OCT retina image-forming instrument that adopts relevant door Wavefront sensor is provided, adopt relevant door wavefront sensing technology to gather and correct to be imaged in retina the wave front aberration of layer and other all wave front aberration of filtering, to obtain the high lateral resolution that approaches diffraction limit; And adopt Fourier OCT technology, and specifically comprise spectral coverage OCT and frequency sweep OCT, carry out the longitudinal tomography of amphiblestroid high-resolution.The present invention have Wavefront detecting insensitive to veiling glare, can strengthen Wavefront detecting signal intensity, and reduce the advantages such as instrument apparent size.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the adaptive optics OCT retina image-forming instrument that adopts relevant door Wavefront sensor, comprise: light source, collimating lens, the polarizer, the first wideband polarization Amici prism, the second wideband polarization Amici prism, the one λ/4 wave plate, the 2nd λ/4 wave plate, the first broadband light splitting piece, the second broadband light splitting piece, the first beam expander, the second beam expander, distorting lens, contracting bundle device, two-dimensional scanner, microlens array, the first analyzer, the second analyzer, wave front detector, dispersion compensation sheet, water box, reference mirror, the first translation stage, the second translation stage, reflecting prism, the prism of turning back, imaging detection module, data collecting card, computer, there is card and high-voltage amplifier in function,
The light beam that light source sends is after collimating lens and the polarizer, become polarization parallel light beam, when incident the first wideband polarization Amici prism, be divided into the p polarized light of transmission and the s polarized light of reflection: p polarized light enters sample arm, after λ/4 wave plate, the first broadband light splitting piece, the first beam expander, distorting lens, contracting bundle device, two-dimensional scanner and the second beam expander, focused on retina by human eye dioptric system successively; By the p polarization sample light of retina retroreflection or scattering, when Yan Yuan road is back to the first broadband light splitting piece, be divided into the p polarization sample light of transmission and the p polarization sample light of reflection: the p polarization sample light of reflection after microlens array, the second wideband polarization Amici prism and the first analyzer, is received by wave front detector successively; The p polarization sample light of transmission becomes s polarization sample light after λ/4 wave plate, and is reflected by the first wideband polarization Amici prism, enters imaging detection module after the second analyzer;
S polarized light enters reference arm, and after the 2nd λ/4 wave plate, the second broadband light splitting piece, dispersion compensation sheet and water box, incident is arranged on the reference mirror on the first translation stage successively; S polarization reference light after referenced mirror reflection, when Yan Yuan road is back to the second broadband light splitting piece, be divided into the s polarization reference light of transmission and the s polarization reference light of reflection: the s polarization reference light of reflection successively through reflecting prism, be arranged on after the prism of turning back, the second wideband polarization Amici prism and the first analyzer on the second translation stage, received by wave front detector; The s polarization reference light of transmission becomes p polarization reference light after λ/4 wave plate, and by the first wideband polarization Amici prism transmission, enters imaging detection module after the second analyzer;
Imaging detection module comprises spectral coverage OCT and two kinds of imaging patterns of frequency sweep OCT: when spectral coverage OCT imaging, light source adopts spectral coverage OCT light source, imaging detection module is made up of grating, imaging len and linear array detector, enter the collimated light beam of imaging detection module, after being come by grating dispersion, then be imaged lens focus on linear array detector; When frequency sweep OCT imaging, light source adopts frequency sweep OCT light source, imaging detection module is made up of coupled lens, fiber coupler and balance detector, enter the collimated light beam of imaging detection module, be coupled lens coupling and enter optical fiber and be divided into two-way by fiber coupler, connect respectively the positive and negative terminal of balance detection device;
The signal that linear array detector or balance detection device collect, after image pick-up card converts digital signal to, transfers to computer and processes; Computer synchronously sends scanning drive signal, through function, card occurs and drives two-dimensional scanner to carry out scanning imagery; The signal that wave front detector collects transfers to after computer, can calculate the required drive voltage signal of wave-front aberration correction, after high-voltage amplifier amplifies, and the wave front aberration that drives distorting lens work to cause to correct human eye.
Described p polarization sample light and s polarization reference light, after the first analyzer, become polarization state consistent, for sample light and the reference light of Wavefront detecting; S polarization sample light and p polarization reference light, after the second analyzer, become polarization state consistent, for sample light and the reference light of OCT imaging.
First the first described translation stage moves axially with reference mirror, until form best interference signal for sample light and the reference light of OCT imaging; Then the second translation stage moves axially with the prism of turning back, until form best interference signal for sample light and the reference light of Wavefront detecting.
Described spectral coverage OCT light source is the super continuous luminous diode of near infrared band or locked mode femtosecond laser light source; Frequency sweep OCT light source is the near infrared band broad spectrum light source of wavelength rapid scanning.
Described dispersion compensation sheet is for compensating the material dispersion that the each device of sample arm causes, water box is for the tolerant material dispersion of compensator's ophthalmic, to obtain best interference signal.
The present invention's beneficial effect is compared with prior art:
(1) the present invention has filtering veiling glare signal, the feature of only measuring and dynamically correcting for the wave front aberration that is imaged layer in retina.Because all reflected light signals in other layer in human eye and sample arm light path are all by the filtering of relevant door, therefore this instrument can be worked under strong interface conditioned reflex.
(2) the present invention can strengthen the intensity of Wavefront detecting signal, and this is owing to having adopted principle of interference to come before probing wave, is amplified by the signal multiplication from reference arm from the small-signal of sample.
(3) the present invention can reduce the apparent size of instrument.Due to a filtering that is concerned with from the stronger reflected light signal of cornea, crystalline lens and optics, make to need the wave front aberration of rectification less, thereby can reduce the performance of distorting lens being corrected to the requirement of ability, the physical dimension of dwindling ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS and raising OCT imaging system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
End of probe schematic diagram when Fig. 2 a is spectral coverage OCT imaging;
End of probe schematic diagram when Fig. 2 b is frequency sweep OCT imaging;
Fig. 3 is control system schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure: 1. light source, 101. spectral coverage OCT light sources, 102. frequency sweep OCT light sources, 2. collimating lens, 3. the polarizer, 4-5. the first and second wideband polarization Amici prisms, 6-7. the first and second λ/4 wave plates, 8-9. the first and second broadband light splitting pieces, 10-11. the first and second beam expanders, 12. distorting lenss, 13. contracting bundle device, 14. two-dimensional scanners, 15. human eye dioptric systems, 16. retinas, 17. microlens arrays, 18-19. the first and second analyzers, 20. wave front detectors, 21. dispersion compensation sheets, 22. water boxes, 23. reference mirrors, 24-25. the first and second translation stages, 26. reflecting prisms, 27. prisms of turning back, 28. imaging detection modules, 281. grating, 282. imaging len, 283. linear array detector, 284. coupled lens, 285. fiber coupler, 286. balance detection devices, 29. data collecting cards, 30. computers, 31. functions block, 32. high-voltage amplifiers.
The specific embodiment
The system structure of the adaptive optics OCT retina image-forming instrument of the relevant door of the employing Wavefront sensor that the present invention proposes as shown in Figure 1, comprise: light source 1, spectral coverage OCT light source 101, frequency sweep OCT light source 102, collimating lens 2, the polarizer 3, the first and second wideband polarization Amici prism 4-5, the first and second λ/4 wave plate 6-7, the first and second broadband light splitting piece 8-9, the first and second beam expander 10-11, distorting lens 12, contracting bundle device 13, two-dimensional scanner 14, human eye dioptric system 15, retina 16, microlens array 17, the first and second analyzer 18-19, wave front detector 20, dispersion compensation sheet 21, water box 22, reference mirror 23, the first and second translation stage 24-25, reflecting prism 26, the prism 27 of turning back, imaging detection module 28, grating 281, imaging len 282, linear array detector 283, coupled lens 284, fiber coupler 285, balance detection device 286, data collecting card 29, computer 30, there is card 31 in function, high-voltage amplifier 32.
The light beam that light source 1 sends is to the rear through collimating lens 2 collimations and 3 of the polarizers, become polarization parallel light beam, when incident the first wideband polarization Amici prism 4, be divided into the p polarized light of transmission and the s polarized light of reflection: p polarized light enters sample arm, after λ/4 wave plate 6, the first broadband light splitting piece 8, the first beam expander 10, distorting lens 12, contracting bundle device 13, two-dimensional scanner 14 and the second beam expander 11, focused on retina 16 by human eye dioptric system 15 successively.By the p polarization sample light of retina 16 retroreflections or scattering, when Yan Yuan road is back to the first broadband light splitting piece 8, be divided into the p polarization sample light of transmission and the p polarization sample light of reflection: the p polarization sample light of reflection after microlens array 17, the second wideband polarization Amici prism 5 and the first analyzer 18, is received by wave front detector 20 successively; The p polarization sample light of transmission becomes s polarization sample light after λ/4 wave plate 6, and is reflected by the first wideband polarization Amici prism 4, after the second analyzer 19, enters imaging detection module 28.
S polarized light enters reference arm, and after the 2nd λ/4 wave plate 7, the second broadband light splitting piece 9, dispersion compensation sheet 21 and water box 22, incident is arranged on the reference mirror 23 on the first translation stage 24 successively.S polarization reference light after referenced mirror 23 retroreflections, when Yan Yuan road is back to the second broadband light splitting piece 9, be divided into the s polarization reference light of transmission and the s polarization reference light of reflection: the s polarization reference light of reflection successively through reflecting prism 26, be arranged on turning back after prism 27, the second wideband polarization Amici prism 5 and the first analyzer 18 on the second translation stage 25, received by wave front detector 20; The s polarization reference light of transmission becomes p polarization reference light after λ/4 wave plate 6, and by the first wideband polarization Amici prism 4 transmissions, after the second analyzer 19, enters imaging detection module 28.
P polarization sample light and s polarization reference light, after the first analyzer 18, become polarization state consistent, for sample light and the reference light of Wavefront detecting; S polarization sample light and p polarization reference light, after the second analyzer 19, become polarization state consistent, for sample light and the reference light of OCT imaging.First the first translation stage 24 moves axially with reference mirror 23, until form best interference signal for sample light and the reference light of OCT imaging; Then the second translation stage 25 moves axially with the prism 27 of turning back, until form best interference signal for sample light and the reference light of Wavefront detecting.The material dispersion that dispersion compensation sheet 21 causes for compensating the each device of sample arm, water box 22 is for the tolerant material dispersion of compensator's ophthalmic, all obtains separately best interference signal to be used between the sample light of Wavefront detecting and OCT imaging and reference light.
Control system of the present invention shows as Fig. 3, and the interference spectrum signal that linear array detector 283 or balance detection device 286 collect, converts to after digital signal through image pick-up card 29, transfers to computer 30 and processes.Computer 30 synchronously sends scanning drive signal, through function, card 31 occurs and drives two-dimensional scanner 14 to carry out scanning imagery.The signal that wave front detector 20 collects transfers to after computer 30, and computer 30 can calculate the required drive voltage signal of wave-front aberration correction, after high-voltage amplifier 32 amplifies, drives distorting lens 12 to work to correct the wave front aberration that human eye causes.
It is one of core component of adaptive optical technique that wave front aberration is surveyed, the present invention proposes and adopt relevant door wavefront sensing technology to measure human eye aberration, that is: between the sample light returning from retina 16 and reference mirror 23 respectively and reference light, form and interfere, and gather to obtain wave front aberration by wave front detector 20.Microlens array 17 and wave front detector 20 are still structurally traditional Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor.The benefit of the method is only to obtain the wave front aberration that is imaged layer in retina 16, and optics, other wave front aberration filtering of each layer of human eye.And traditional Wavefront detecting technology, whole all wave front aberrations devices in human eye and light path, all can be collected and correct, and excessive wave front aberration requires distorting lens to have larger rectification ability and can make system structure become complicated and bulky.
Aspect the structure imaging of retina 16, employing be Fourier OCT technology, specifically comprise spectral coverage OCT and frequency sweep OCT technology, there is, signal to noise ratio high fast without axial mechanical frequency sweep, image taking speed.The aberration that human eye exists when having adopted adaptive optical technique to correct large pupil imaging, therefore can adopt large pupil beam lighting and broad spectrum light source, obtain the high lateral resolution and the high axial resolution that approach diffraction limit, to each layer of structure of retina 16 carried out to close-up simultaneously.
The above-mentioned specific embodiment is used for the present invention that explains, rather than limits the invention.In the protection domain of spirit of the present invention and claim, any modification and change that the present invention is made, all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the adaptive optics OCT retina image-forming instrument that adopts relevant door Wavefront sensor, is characterized in that: comprise light source (1), collimating lens (2), the polarizer (3), the first wideband polarization Amici prism (4), the second wideband polarization Amici prism (5), the one λ/4 wave plate (6), the 2nd λ/4 wave plate (7), the first broadband light splitting piece (8), the second broadband light splitting piece (9), the first beam expander (10), the second beam expander (11), distorting lens (12), contracting bundle device (13), two-dimensional scanner (14), microlens array (17), the first analyzer (18), the second analyzer (19), wave front detector (20), dispersion compensation sheet (21), water box (22), reference mirror (23), the first translation stage (24), the second translation stage (25), reflecting prism (26), the prism (27) of turning back, imaging detection module (28), data collecting card (29), computer (30), function blocks (31) and high-voltage amplifier (32),
The light beam that light source (1) sends becomes polarization parallel light beam after collimating lens (2) and the polarizer (3), when incident the first wideband polarization Amici prism (4), be divided into the p polarized light of transmission and the s polarized light of reflection, p polarized light enters sample arm, successively through λ/4 wave plate (6), the first broadband light splitting piece (8), the first beam expander (10), distorting lens (12), contracting bundle device (13), two-dimensional scanner (14), after the second beam expander (11), focused on retina (16) by human eye dioptric system (15), by the p polarization sample light of retina (16) retroreflection or scattering, when Yan Yuan road is back to the first broadband light splitting piece (8), be divided into the p polarization sample light of transmission and the p polarization sample light of reflection, the p polarization sample light of reflection is received by wave front detector (20) successively after microlens array (17), the second wideband polarization Amici prism (5) and the first analyzer (18), the p polarization sample light of transmission becomes s polarization sample light after λ/4 wave plate (6), and by the first wideband polarization Amici prism (4) reflection, after the second analyzer (19), enter imaging detection module (28),
S polarized light enters reference arm, and after the 2nd λ/4 wave plate (7), the second broadband light splitting piece (9), dispersion compensation sheet (21) and water box (22), incident is arranged on the reference mirror (23) on the first translation stage (24) successively; S polarization reference light after referenced mirror (23) reflection, when Yan Yuan road is back to the second broadband light splitting piece (9), be divided into the s polarization reference light of transmission and the s polarization reference light of reflection, reflection s polarization reference light successively through reflecting prism (26), be arranged on after the prism of turning back (27), the second wideband polarization Amici prism (5) and the first analyzer (18) on the second translation stage (25), received by wave front detector (20); The s polarization reference light of transmission becomes p polarization reference light after λ/4 wave plate (6), and by the first wideband polarization Amici prism (4) transmission, after the second analyzer (19), enter imaging detection module (28);
Imaging detection module (28) comprises spectral coverage OCT and two kinds of imaging patterns of frequency sweep OCT, when spectral coverage OCT imaging, light source (1) adopts spectral coverage OCT light source (101), imaging detection module (28) is made up of grating (281), imaging len (282) and linear array detector (283), enter the collimated light beam of imaging detection module (28), after being come by grating (281) dispersion, then be imaged lens (282) and focus on linear array detector (283); When frequency sweep OCT imaging, light source (1) adopts frequency sweep OCT light source (102), imaging detection module (28) is made up of coupled lens (284), fiber coupler (285) and balance detector (286), enter the collimated light beam of imaging detection module (28), be coupled lens (284) coupling and enter optical fiber and be divided into two-way by fiber coupler (285), connect respectively the positive and negative terminal of balance detection device (286);
The signal that linear array detector (283) or balance detection device (286) collect, converts to after digital signal through image pick-up card (29), transfers to computer (30) and processes; Computer (30) synchronously sends scanning drive signal, blocks (31) drive two-dimensional scanner (14) to carry out scanning imagery through function; The signal that wave front detector (20) collects transfers to computer (30), computer (30) calculates the required drive voltage signal of wave-front aberration correction, after high-voltage amplifier (32) amplifies, the wave front aberration that drives distorting lens (12) work to cause to correct human eye.
2. the adaptive optics OCT retina image-forming instrument of the relevant door of employing according to claim 1 Wavefront sensor, it is characterized in that: described p polarization sample light and s polarization reference light, after the first analyzer (18), become polarization state consistent, for sample light and the reference light of Wavefront detecting; S polarization sample light and p polarization reference light, after the second analyzer (19), become polarization state consistent, for sample light and the reference light of OCT imaging.
3. the adaptive optics OCT retina image-forming instrument of the relevant door of employing according to claim 1 Wavefront sensor, it is characterized in that: described the first translation stage (24) first moves axially with reference mirror (23), until form interference signal for sample light and the reference light of OCT imaging; Then the second translation stage (25) moves axially with the prism of turning back (27), until form interference signal for sample light and the reference light of Wavefront detecting.
4. the adaptive optics OCT retina image-forming instrument of the relevant door of employing according to claim 1 Wavefront sensor, is characterized in that: described spectral coverage OCT light source (101) is the super continuous luminous diode of near infrared band or locked mode femtosecond laser light source.
5. the adaptive optics OCT retina image-forming instrument of the relevant door of employing according to claim 1 Wavefront sensor, is characterized in that: described frequency sweep OCT light source (102) is the near infrared band broad spectrum light source of wavelength rapid scanning.
6. the adaptive optics OCT retina image-forming instrument of the relevant door of employing according to claim 1 Wavefront sensor, it is characterized in that: the material dispersion that described dispersion compensation sheet (21) causes for compensating the each device of sample arm, water box (22) is for the tolerant material dispersion of compensator's ophthalmic, to obtain best interference signal.
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