CN103792280B - Magnetic nondestructive testing method for contact damage inversion of ferromagnetic material - Google Patents
Magnetic nondestructive testing method for contact damage inversion of ferromagnetic material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103792280B CN103792280B CN201410018103.0A CN201410018103A CN103792280B CN 103792280 B CN103792280 B CN 103792280B CN 201410018103 A CN201410018103 A CN 201410018103A CN 103792280 B CN103792280 B CN 103792280B
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- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
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- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement and in particular relates to a magnetic nondestructive testing method for contact damage inversion of a ferromagnetic material. The method comprises the following steps: detecting a leakage magnetic field on the surface of a ferromagnetic component by utilizing a magnetic sensor, acquiring an initial magnetic leakage signal on the tested surface, and storing the signal in an intelligent magnetic memory instrument through a coaxial cable; and calculating to obtain a gradient value of the magnetic leakage signal on the tested surface according to the magnetic leakage signal on the tested surface. According to the contact damage criterion and a method for performing inversion on the damage area range, the method has the beneficial effects that the contact damage degree of lots of ferromagnetic components used in the fields of energy, petrochemical industry, traffic and the like at present are detected on line, secondary contact damage of the ferromagnetic component is avoided during detection, a phenomenon that the ferromagnetic components are in loosened engagement or are cracked according to plastic deformation generated on a contact surface due to the contact damage is avoided, and the service life of the material is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of measuring technique, and in particular to a kind of magnetic Non-Destructive Testing side of ferromagnetic material contact damage inverting
Method.
Background technology
In modern industry production, the damage caused by contact is relatively common, and these damages reduce the strong of ferromagnetic structure
Degree and anti-fatigue performance, integrality, security to equipment cause serious threat.Therefore, from for structure security standpoint, must
Material earlier damage, Deterioration of Structural Performance degree and residual life must be carried out effectively monitoring and assessing.
Non-Destructive Testing refer on the premise of material/structure performance is not damaged, for detecting its characteristic mass, it is determined that
Whether it reaches specific engineering technology requirement, if the method that can also continue to be on active service, and it is to check the quality of product, ensure
The necessary robust techniques means of product safety, extension life of product.Common lossless detection method has：Magnetic powder inspection and leakage field
Detection, acoustic emission, supersonic guide-wave, eddy detection technology etc., it is determined that whether component inside has when there is macroscopic cracking
Good effect, but often accurately tired micro-damage whether cannot occur inside determination means；X-ray diffraction technology can be to gold
Category structure residual stress carries out effective detection, but detection depth is very limited (typically in micron dimension), and to surface of test piece
Quality requirement is high, testing equipment is complicated, expensive, difficult to realize to detect on a large scale online；Ultrasound non-linear technology is in detection
During structure damage degree similarly in the presence of, signal anti-interference high to surface of test piece quality requirement it is poor, cannot complete to complex component
Internal stress and degree of injury carry out the problems such as on-line checking.Compared with traditional electromagnetic nondestructive method, metallic magnetic
Mnemonics have the advantages that detection speed it is fast, without external source, testing equipment is compact and is easy to carry about with one, particularly to detection
Area of stress concentration has sensitivity higher.
But, from for detection means, the diagnosis of the Early-age behavior degeneration caused due to micro-damage to material and structure will
It is more much more difficult than determining macroscopic cracking.In fact, the simple and effective stress raisers degree of development (including structural initial pre stress and
Accumulation working stress) and the evaluation method degenerated of material property early stage, the degree of impairment for key member in heavy construction enters
Row scene Fast nondestructive evaluation, and then realize carrying out the security and residual life of in-service equipment effectively assessment, it is always reality
Test the problem that mechanics and field of non destructive testing are paid special attention to.
Inversion theory and technology play vital effect in field of non destructive testing, and Non-Destructive Testing is actual, and face is one
Indirect problem, i.e., must set up intelligentized experiment point according to the experimental signal having detected that with reference to physical model and simulation meanses
Analysis system, final inverting fault of construction feature.On the inverting identification technology based on experiment, existing some scholars are to this development phase
Pass is studied, and some correlation techniques are also partly applied, such as genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, chaos algorithm.But,
Up to the present, the position for determining whether defect and defect using metal magnetic memory technique still compares successful, and determines to lack
The problems such as falling into size, shape is then difficult more, also little on nondestructive test with metal magnetic memory defect inverting Study of recognition at present
See report, it is necessary to carry out related system research.
Contact damage, contact damage can be caused to ferromagnetic component contact surface is likely to result in when being detected to ferromagnetic component
Produce plastic deformation, cause and loosened at ferromagnetic component occlusion, or accelerated material fatigue crack germinating and extension, reduce material
Service life.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of ferromagnetic material contact damage
The magnetic lossless detection method of inverting.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the present invention proposes a kind of magnetic Non-Destructive Testing of ferromagnetic material contact damage inverting
Method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1）The measure of the initial magnetic leakage signal of ferromagnetic component：By coaxial cable by Magnetic Sensor and intelligent Magnetic Memory instrument
Connection, the surface of ferromagnetic items is detected using Magnetic Sensor along two mutually perpendicular directions on the same plane, obtains tested table
The initial magnetic leakage signal in face, and be stored in intelligent Magnetic Memory instrument；
Step 2）The measure of ferromagnetic component magnetic leakage signal after contact：Contact loading is carried out to ferromagnetic component, using ferromagnetic pressure
Head ferromagnetic component is loaded, to certain load after unloaded, ferromagnetic component is removed and Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting is carried out, measure iron
The magnetic leakage signal of magnetic component compression face；
Step 3）The calculating of Grad：By step 2）In the magnetic leakage signal that measures subtract step 1）In the initial leakage field that measures
Signal, eliminates the interference of initial other factors, according to the magnetic leakage signal of the measured surface for obtaining, is calculated the leakage of measured surface
The Grad of magnetic signal；
Step 4）The inverting in contact damage area：By the evaluation criteria and evaluating of contact damage to contact damage zone model
Enclosing carries out inverting.
The step 3）Also include：The initial magnetic leakage signal of ferromagnetic component cannot be obtained, is then omitted elimination initial factors and is done
The step for disturbing, directly calculates the Grad of the magnetic leakage signal of measured surface；
Initial magnetic leakage signal includes the initial magnetic leakage signal of normal directionWith tangential initial magnetic leakage signal；Magnetic leakage signal
Including normal direction magnetic leakage signalWith tangential magnetic leakage signal；Grad includes the Grad of normal direction magnetic leakage signalWith
The Grad of tangential magnetic leakage signal；
Define the Grad of normal direction magnetic leakage signal：
Define the Grad of tangential magnetic leakage signal：
The evaluation criteria of contact damage, in contact stress concentration zones, there is an extreme value, leakage field gradient in normal direction magnetic leakage signal
There are peak-peak value changes, and in contact zone center zero crossing；There is peak-peak value changes and mistake in tangential magnetic leakage signal
There is extreme value in zero point, leakage field gradient.
Using the work of the gradient magnitude of the active width and tangential magnetic leakage signal of the gradient peak-to-peak value of normal direction magnetic leakage signal
The scope in contact damage area can be reflected with width the two parameters., it is necessary to along same measurement direction (x in actually measurement
Direction) multipath measurement is carried out, the two parameters on different paths are obtained, catch the damage sector width reflected on per paths；
Vertically (y directions) carries out multipath measurement again, obtains the two parameters on different paths, catches on per paths and reflects
Damage sector width, the region basic inverting shape of damage zone formed between these width in both direction.Wherein normal direction leakage
The gradient peak-to-peak value of magnetic signal is more sensitive to damage zone shape.
By the active width of the gradient peak-to-peak value of the actually detected normal direction magnetic leakage signal for obtaining, and tangential magnetic leakage signal
The active width of gradient magnitude be compared with its criticality safety value, the component peace if actual measured value is less than criticality safety value
Entirely, otherwise then for dangerous.Wherein criticality safety value is, according to different materials and different damage safety grades, formally to detect it
The preceding use reference block parameter for evaluating component damage degree obtained by calibrating.
Benefit of the invention is that：The ferromagnetic component contact damage largely used fields such as the current energy, petrochemical industry, traffic
Degree realizes on-line checking, and secondary contact damage will not be carried out to ferromagnetic component during detection, prevents contact damage from causing contact
The plastic deformation that face produces, causes ferromagnetic component to be engaged and loosens or crack, and improves the service life of material.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the magnetic lossless detection method flow chart of ferromagnetic material contact damage；
Fig. 2 is the magnetic nondestructive detection system schematic diagram of ferromagnetic material contact damage；
Fig. 3 is ferromagnetic component contact damage area normal direction magnetic leakage signal result schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the tangential magnetic leakage signal result schematic diagram in ferromagnetic component contact damage area；
Fig. 5 is ferromagnetic component contact damage area normal direction magnetic leakage signal Grad result schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the tangential magnetic leakage signal Grad result schematic diagram in ferromagnetic component contact damage area；
Fig. 7 is the load mode schematic perspective view in embodiment；
Fig. 8 is the load mode side schematic view in embodiment；
Fig. 9 is measurement trace distribution schematic diagram in the x-direction；
Figure 10 is measurement trace distribution schematic diagram in the y-direction；
Figure 11 is to measure the point layout figure on trace in the x-direction；
Figure 12 is to measure the point layout figure on trace in the y-direction；
Figure 13 is normal direction magnetic leakage signal distribution map in the y-direction under different traces, as F=80kN；
Figure 14 is normal direction magnetic leakage signal distribution map in the y-direction under different traces, as F=80kN；
Figure 15 is normal direction magnetic leakage signal distribution map in the x-direction under different traces；
Figure 16 is normal direction magnetic leakage signal distribution map in the x-direction under different traces；
Figure 17 is the Grad distribution map of normal direction magnetic leakage signal in the y-direction under different traces；
Figure 18 is the Grad distribution map of normal direction magnetic leakage signal in the y-direction under different traces；
Figure 19 is the Grad distribution map of normal direction magnetic leakage signal in the x-direction under different traces；
Figure 20 is the Grad distribution map of normal direction magnetic leakage signal in the x-direction under different traces；
Figure 21 is x orientation measurement stray field catastrophe point coordinate diagrams；
Figure 22 is y orientation measurement stray field catastrophe point coordinate diagrams；
Figure 23 is damage field inverting coordinate diagram under 80kN.
Specific embodiment
When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by referring to following detailed description, can more completely more fully understand the present invention with
And the adjoint advantage of many of which is easily learnt, but accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention,
Constitute a part of the invention.
To enable the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious understandable, below with No. 45 steel ferromagnetic components
Detection normal direction magnetic leakage signal as a example by, with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Embodiment 1：As shown in Fig. 1 to Figure 23,
Step 1）As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, ferromagnetic component is loaded using cylindrical ferromagnetic pressure head, is loaded onto 80kN
After unloaded, ferromagnetic component is removed and Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting is carried out, as shown in Figure 7 to 10, utilized along different paths and mark point
Written examination Magnetic Sensor point surveys ferromagnetic component compression face surface, as shown in Figure 13 to Figure 16, measures respectively in the y-direction and in the x-direction
Normal direction magnetic leakage signal under different tracesAnd be stored in intelligent Magnetic Memory instrument；
Step 2）Contact loading is carried out to ferromagnetic component, ferromagnetic component is loaded using ferromagnetic pressure head, to certain load
Unloaded after lotus, ferromagnetic component is removed and Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting is carried out, measured the normal direction magnetic leakage signal of ferromagnetic component compression face
Step 3）The magnetic leakage signal measured after contact is subtracted into initial magnetic leakage signal, the dry of initial other factors can be eliminated
Disturb, as shown in Figure 17 to Figure 20, calculate the ladder of normal direction magnetic leakage signal of the measured surface in the y-direction and in the x-direction under different traces
Angle value
Define the Grad of normal direction magnetic leakage signal：
Step 4）On the basis of contact damage criterion, using the active width of the peak-to-peak value of normal direction magnetic leakage signal gradientThis parameter carries out inverting to the scope for contacting damage zone, determines the scope in contact damage area：In x measurement directions, obtain every
The evaluating of the magnetic leakage signal gradient curve on pathsInTwo coordinate points are simultaneously plotted in Figure 21 respectively；
Same treatment is carried out in y measurement directions, and the coordinate points that will be captured are drawn into Figure 22 in the lump, these coordinates in both direction
The basic inverting in region that is formed between the point shape in contact damage area, it can be seen that, this contact damage detection evaluate with it is anti-
The magnetic lossless detection method drilled is feasible, reliable, and relatively more accurate.
Step 5）No. 45 steel calibrated bolcks are loaded, while measuring its magnetic leakage signal, calibrated bolck contact damage journey is obtained
Corresponding relation between degree and magnetic leakage signal, No. 45 work safety grades of steel member are tested according to actual, determine normal direction leakage field
The gradient peak-to-peak value of signalAnd active widthAnd the gradient magnitude of tangential magnetic leakage signalAnd active widthCriticality safety value；
Step 6）By the active width of the gradient peak-to-peak value of the actually detected normal direction magnetic leakage signal for obtainingAnd cut
To the active width of the gradient magnitude of magnetic leakage signalIt is compared with criticality safety value, such as actual measured value is less than critical peace
Total head then component safety, otherwise then for dangerous.
A kind of magnetic lossless detection method of ferromagnetic material contact damage inverting provided by the present invention has been carried out in detail above
It is thin to introduce, the exemplary embodiment of the application is described above by reference to accompanying drawing.Those skilled in the art should manage
Solution, purpose that the embodiment above is merely to illustrate that and the example lifted, it is all in the application rather than for being limited
Teaching and claims under any modification, the equivalent made etc., should be included in this application claims
In the range of.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of magnetic lossless detection method of ferromagnetic material contact damage inverting, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1) the initial magnetic leakage signal of ferromagnetic component measure：Magnetic Sensor is connected with intelligent Magnetic Memory instrument by coaxial cable
Connect, detect the surface of ferromagnetic items along two mutually perpendicular directions on the same plane using Magnetic Sensor, obtain measured surface
Initial magnetic leakage signal, and be stored in intelligent Magnetic Memory instrument；
Step 2) contact after ferromagnetic component magnetic leakage signal measure：Contact loading is carried out to ferromagnetic component, using ferromagnetic pressure head pair
Ferromagnetic component is unloaded again after being loaded, and ferromagnetic component is removed and Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting is carried out, and measures ferromagnetic component compression face
Magnetic leakage signal；
Step 3) Grad calculating：By step 2) in the magnetic leakage signal that measures subtract step 1) in the initial leakage field letter that measures
Number, the interference of initial other factors is eliminated, according to the magnetic leakage signal of the measured surface for obtaining, it is calculated the leakage field of measured surface
The Grad of signal；
The evaluation criteria of contact damage, in contact stress concentration zones, there is an extreme value in normal direction magnetic leakage signal, and leakage field gradient occurs
Peak-peak value changes, and in contact zone center zero crossing；There is peak-peak value changes and zero crossing in tangential magnetic leakage signal,
There is extreme value in leakage field gradient；
Step 4) contact damage area inverting：On the basis of contact damage criterion, using normal direction magnetic leakage signal gradient peak-
The active width of peak valueThis parameter carries out inverting to the scope for contacting damage zone, determines the scope in contact damage area：In x
Measurement direction, obtains the evaluating of the magnetic leakage signal gradient curve on per pathsInTwo coordinate points；
Same treatment is carried out in y measurement directions, coordinate points, the seat in the x measurement directions, y measurement direction both directions are captured
The basic inverting in region that is formed between the punctuate shape in contact damage area.
2. the magnetic lossless detection method of a kind of ferromagnetic material contact damage inverting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The step 3) also include：The initial magnetic leakage signal of ferromagnetic component cannot be obtained, is then omitted elimination initial factors and is disturbed this step
Suddenly, the Grad of the magnetic leakage signal of measured surface is directly calculated.
3. the magnetic lossless detection method of a kind of ferromagnetic material contact damage inverting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Initial magnetic leakage signal includes the initial magnetic leakage signal of normal directionWith tangential initial magnetic leakage signalMagnetic leakage signal includes normal direction
Magnetic leakage signalWith tangential magnetic leakage signalGrad includes the Grad of normal direction magnetic leakage signalWith tangential leakage field
The Grad of signal
Define the Grad of normal direction magnetic leakage signal：
Define the Grad of tangential magnetic leakage signal：
4. a kind of magnetic lossless detection method of the ferromagnetic material contact damage inverting according to claim 1 or 3, its feature exists
In also including：By the active width of the gradient peak-to-peak value of the actually detected normal direction magnetic leakage signal for obtaining, and tangential leakage field letter
Number the active width of gradient magnitude be compared with its criticality safety value, the component if actual measured value is less than criticality safety value
Safety, on the contrary it is then dangerous, and wherein criticality safety value is, according to different materials and different damage safety grades, formally to detect
Before with the reference block parameter for evaluating component damage degree obtained by calibrating.
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| JP2006234733A (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-09-07 | Jfe Engineering Kk | Magnetic anisotropy sensor |
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