CN103777196B - Based on terrain object distance single station measuring method and the measuring system thereof of geography information - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of terrain object based on geography information distance single station measuring method and measuring method thereof, comprise the steps: that (1) measures the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point; (2) to the topographical surface sampling in monitoring range; Use acquisition software to sample to the topographical surface of monitored area on electronic chart, obtain the terrestrial coordinate of sampled point, and sampled point is stored as calibration point; (3) calibration point landform divides; Landform division is carried out to the calibration point obtained, all zone numbers obtained are designated as G _c, represent the terrain properties of corresponding calibration point; (4) coordinate transform; (5) neighborhood point search; (6) target range calculates.The method and system by the topographical surface sampling in monitored area, by the angle on target that sampled result measures in conjunction with Photodetection system, fast itself and obtain target range exactly.

Description

Based on terrain object distance single station measuring method and the measuring system thereof of geography information

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of terrain object based on geography information distance single station measuring method and measuring system thereof, for target localization, the Track Pick-up of system, for the processing process of information data provides support.

Background technology

Common photoelectricity ground monitoring system is made up of front end detection system, communication system and command and control center three part, and its system chart is shown in Fig. 1.Wherein, front end detection system is responsible for the detection of moving target and data report; Communication system is responsible for the data transmission between front end detection system and command and control center; Front end data fusion, three-dimensional vision display and commanding and decision-making are responsible in command and control center.Wherein, to the location of target be data fusion and three-dimensional vision display basis.Common photoelectricity ground monitoring system list station can only the angle of measurement target, comprises orientation angles and luffing angle, and can not measurement target distance, so single station cannot localizing objects.Therefore configuration range finder using laser is usually utilized to realize range finding, but this mode can increase photoelectricity ground monitoring system architecture, electrically, the design difficulty of the system such as software, improve the Operating Complexity of system cost and user, measuring process is subject to meteorological condition restriction in addition.

Summary of the invention

For the defect existed in above-mentioned prior art or deficiency, the object of the invention is to, a kind of terrain object based on geography information distance single station measuring method and measuring system thereof are provided, the method and system are by sampling to the topographical surface in monitored area, by the angle on target that sampled result measures in conjunction with Photodetection system, fast and accurately obtain target range.

To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to be solved:

Terrain object distance based on geography information singly to be stood a measuring method, comprises the steps:

(1) terrestrial coordinate of survey station point is measured

(2) to the topographical surface sampling in monitoring range

Use acquisition software at electronic chart _onthe topographical surface of monitored area is sampled, obtains the terrestrial coordinate of M (M>=3) individual sampled point, and sampled point is stored as calibration point;

(3) calibration point landform divides

Landform division is carried out to the calibration point obtained, all zone numbers obtained are designated as G _c, represent the terrain properties of corresponding calibration point;

(4) coordinate transform

Step one: the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point and calibration point is separately converted to the earth rectangular coordinate;

Step 2: the station heart rectangular coordinate obtaining all calibration points:

Step 3: the station heart rectangular coordinate of all calibration points is converted to station heart polar coordinates:

(5) neighborhood point search

The position angle of real-time measuring target point ^θ _pwith angle of pitch β _p, in all calibration point, carry out neighborhood point search, obtain point set ^p _nb;

(6) target range calculates

Use point set ^p _nbfit Plane, points to the straight-line equation simultaneous solution of the sight line of impact point by planimetric rectangular coordinates equation and survey station point, obtain the distance L of impact point apart from survey station point _p.

Further, use the image partition method based on watershed divide to carry out landform division to the calibration point obtained in described step (3), concrete steps are as follows:

Calibration point is mapped on a width two dimensional image, by the pixel coordinate of the longitude in the terrestrial coordinate of calibration point, the corresponding two dimensional image of latitude, by the gray scale of the elevation corresponding pixel points of calibration point; Calculate the gradient of each calibration point, using Gradient as initial input, calibration point is divided into different regions.

Further, in described step (4), the conversion formula of step one is:

$b_E=\left[\begin{array}{cc}(N+H_E)\cos B_E& \cos L_E\\ (N+H_E)\cos B_E& \sin L_E\\ [N(1-e^2)+H_E]& \sin B_E\end{array}\right]$ (formula 1)

$b_{\mathrm{Ci}}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}(N+H_{\mathrm{Ci}})\cos B_{\mathrm{Ci}}& \cos L_{\mathrm{Ci}}\\ (N+H_{\mathrm{Ci}})\cos B_{\mathrm{Ci}}& \sin L_{\mathrm{Ci}}\\ [N(1-e^2)+H_{\mathrm{Ci}}]& \sin B_{\mathrm{Ci}}\end{array}\right]$ (formula 2)

Wherein, b _erepresent the earth rectangular coordinate of survey station point; b _cirepresent the earth rectangular coordinate of i-th calibration point; (B _e, L _e, H _e) represent the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point; (B _ci, L _ci, H _ci) represent the terrestrial coordinate of i-th calibration point, i ∈ [1, M]

; N represents radius of curvature in prime vertical; E represents earth's spheroid excentricity.

Further, in the calibration point of the middle step 2 of described step (4), the station heart rectangular coordinate of i-th calibration point

X _EPi＝(x _EPi, _yEPi,z _EPi) ^T

Try to achieve according to formula 3:

X _ePi=A _e(b _ci-b _e) (formula 3)

Wherein, $A_E=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}-\sin B_E\cos L_E& -\sin B_E\sin L_E& \cos B_E\\ -\sin L_E& \cos L_E& 0\\ \cos B_E\cos L_E& \cos B_E\sin L_E& \sin B_E\end{array}\right]$

Wherein, (B _e, L _e, H _e) represent the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point; b _erepresent the earth rectangular coordinate of survey station point; b _cirepresent the earth rectangular coordinate of i-th calibration point, i ∈ [1, M]; ;

Further, in all calibration points of the middle step 3 of described step (4), the Formula of Coordinate System Transformation of i-th calibration point is formula 4-formula 6:

θ _ci=atan (y _ePi/ x _ePi) (formula 4)

${\mathrm{\β}}_{\mathrm{Ci}}=\mathrm{\α}\tan (z_{\mathrm{EPi}}/\sqrt{{x_{\mathrm{EPi}}}^2+{y_{\mathrm{EPi}}}^2})$ (formula 5)

L _ci=| b _e-b _ci| (formula 6);

θ _ci, β _ci, L _cirepresent the position angle of i-th calibration point under the heart polar coordinates of station, the angle of pitch and distance respectively.

Further, the neighborhood point search that carries out in all calibration points described in described step (5) adopts nearest neighbor method, and concrete steps are as follows:

Step one: the angle α calculating each calibration point sight line and impact point sight line _c;

Step 2: search angle α _cminimum calibration point P _min;

Step 3: at P _minneighborhood point in search and a P _minterrain properties G _cequal calibration point, obtains point set P _nb.

Further, the concrete steps of described step (6) are as follows:

If the rectangular equation of plane is Ax+By+Cz+1=0(formula 7)

Set up an office collection P _nbin point have K, by P _nbmiddle polar coordinates are a little transformed into rectangular coordinate:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_i=L_{\mathrm{Ci}}\sin {\mathrm{\β}}_{\mathrm{Ci}}\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_{\mathrm{Ci}}\\ y_i=L_{\mathrm{Ci}}\sin {\mathrm{\β}}_{\mathrm{Ci}}\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_{\mathrm{Ci}}\\ z_i=L_{\mathrm{Ci}}\cos {\mathrm{\β}}_{\mathrm{Ci}}\end{array}\right.,(i\∈[1,K\left]\right)$ (formula 8)

Wherein, i represents point set P _nbin the sequence number of point;

The least square fitting solution obtaining plane equation is:

$\left[\begin{array}{c}A\\ B\\ C\end{array}\right]={\left[\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{\Σ}{x_i}^2& \mathrm{\Σ}{x}_i{y}_i& \mathrm{\Σ}{z}_i{x}_i\\ \mathrm{\Σ}{x}_i{y}_i& \mathrm{\Σ}{y_i}^2& \mathrm{\Σ}{y}_i{z}_i\\ \mathrm{\Σ}{z}_i{x}_i& \mathrm{\Σ}{y}_i{z}_i& \mathrm{\Σ}{z_i}^2\end{array}\right]}^{-1}\left[\begin{array}{c}-\mathrm{\Σ}{x}_i\\ -\mathrm{\Σ}{y}_i\\ -\mathrm{\Σ}{z}_i\end{array}\right],$ Wherein $\underset{i=1}{\overset{K}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}$ Referred to as Σ.(formula 9)

Straight-line equation survey station point being pointed to the sight line of impact point is denoted as:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}x=L_P\sin {\mathrm{\β}}_P\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_P\\ y=L_P\sin {\mathrm{\β}}_P\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_P\\ z=L_P\cos {\mathrm{\β}}_P\end{array}\right.$ (formula 10)

By formula (7), (10) simultaneous solution, obtain the distance L of impact point apart from survey station point _p:

$L_P=-\frac{1}{A\sin {\mathrm{\β}}_P\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_P+B\sin {\mathrm{\β}}_P\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_P+C{\cos \mathrm{\β}}_P}$ (formula 11)

Wherein, θ _crepresent the position angle of calibration point, β _crepresent the angle of pitch of calibration point, L _crepresent the distance between calibration point and survey station point, α _crepresent the angle of calibration point sight line and impact point sight line, G _crepresent the terrain properties of calibration point; θ _prepresent the position angle of impact point; β _prepresent the angle of pitch of impact point.

Use the measuring system of the above-mentioned terrain object distance measurement method based on geography information, comprise Photodetection system, GPS, acquisition software, electronic chart and data handling system, wherein:

Described Photodetection system is used for position angle and the angle of pitch of measurement target, and sends to data handling system in real time;

Described GPS is for measuring the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point;

Described acquisition software, for sampling to the topographical surface of monitored area on electronic chart, obtains the terrestrial coordinate of sampled point, and sampled point is stored as calibration point;

Described data handling system, for receiving position angle and the angle of pitch of the measurement target of Photodetection system transmission, receives the terrestrial coordinate of the survey station point that GPS measurement obtains, the calibration point that storage of collected software obtains; For calculating the division of calibration point landform, coordinate transform, neighborhood point search and target range;

Described Photodetection system, GPS, acquisition software connect described data handling system respectively, and acquisition software connects electronic chart.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) GIS information and photoelectric measurements has been merged; Overcoming traditional photoelectricity ground location system can not the defect of single observer ranging, achieve single observer ranging, and measurement result meets the demands.

(2) utilize the image partition method of watershed divide to carry out the classification of landform of calibration point, meet the NATURAL DISTRIBUTION rule of topographical surface, make Region dividing result objective and accurate.

(3) search neighborhood point by arest neighbors method and meet topographical surface continuous print spontaneous phenomenon, final goal distance is calculated accurately.

(4), in method of the present invention, only having neighborhood point search and target range to calculate two steps needs to calculate in real time, and other Computed-torque control all can carry out by off-line.Theoretical and facts have proved, take the mode that off-line and on-line operation combine, the requirement of real-time of system can be met.

(5) distance accuracy is relevant with the sampling precision of calibration point, and the present invention as required, by pickup area and the flexible gathering step-length, can control calibration point sampling density and meet different distance accuracy requirements.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the composition frame chart of traditional photoelectricity ground monitoring system.

Fig. 2 is the composition frame chart of the photoelectricity ground monitoring system used in method of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the calculation flow chart of method of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is nominal data schematic diagram.

Fig. 5 is nominal data Gradient schematic diagram.

Fig. 6 is that shaped area divides schematic diagram.

Fig. 7 is result of calculation schematic diagram.

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the terrain object based on geography information of the present invention, apart from measuring method of singly standing, specifically comprises the steps:

(1) terrestrial coordinate of survey station point is measured

Photodetection system is arranged on the survey station point of monitored area, is measured the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point by GPS, and measurement result is transferred to data handling system; Terrestrial coordinate refers to longitude, latitude and elevation information;

(2) to the topographical surface sampling in monitoring range

Acquisition software (as GoogleEarth altitude figures sampling instrument v1.1) is used to sample to the topographical surface of monitored area on electronic chart (GoogleEarth or other electronic charts), obtain the terrestrial coordinate of M (M >=3) individual sampled point, and sampled point is stored as calibration point; Sample range is in the investigative range of Photodetection system, and sampling step length needs to determine according to precision.

(3) calibration point landform divides

The image partition method based on watershed divide is used to carry out landform division to the calibration point obtained.

Calibration point is mapped on a width two dimensional image, by the pixel coordinate of the longitude in the terrestrial coordinate of calibration point, the corresponding two dimensional image of latitude, by the gray scale of the elevation corresponding pixel points of calibration point.Calculate the gradient of each calibration point at 3 × 3 neighborhoods, using Gradient as initial input, use watershed segmentation methods that calibration point is divided into different regions, will

The all zone numbers arrived, are designated as G _c, represent the terrain properties of corresponding calibration point.

(4) coordinate transform

Step one: utilize formula 1, formula 2 that the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point and calibration point is separately converted to the earth rectangular coordinate:

$b_E=\left[\begin{array}{cc}(N+H_E)\cos B_E& \cos L_E\\ (N+H_E)\cos B_E& \sin L_E\\ [N(1-e^2)+H_E]& \sin B_E\end{array}\right]$ (formula 1)

$b_{\mathrm{Ci}}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}(N+H_{\mathrm{Ci}})\cos B_{\mathrm{Ci}}& \cos L_{\mathrm{Ci}}\\ (N+H_{\mathrm{Ci}})\cos B_{\mathrm{Ci}}& \sin L_{\mathrm{Ci}}\\ [N(1-e^2)+H_{\mathrm{Ci}}]& \sin B_{\mathrm{Ci}}\end{array}\right]$ (formula 2)

Wherein, b _erepresent the earth rectangular coordinate of survey station point; b _cirepresent the earth rectangular coordinate of i-th calibration point; (B _e, L _e, H _e) represent the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point; (B _ci, L _ci, H _ci) represent the terrestrial coordinate of i-th calibration point; (i ∈ [1, M]); N represents radius of curvature in prime vertical; E represents earth's spheroid excentricity;

X _EPi＝(x _EPi, _yEPi,z _EPi) ^T

Step 2: utilize formula 3 to obtain the station heart rectangular coordinate of i-th calibration point:

X _ePi=A _e(b _ci-b _e) (formula 3)

Wherein, $A_E=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}-\sin B_E\cos L_E& -\sin B_E\sin L_E& \cos B_E\\ -\sin L_E& \cos L_E& 0\\ \cos B_E\cos L_E& \cos B_E\sin L_E& \sin B_E\end{array}\right]$

Step 3: utilize formula 4-formula 6 the station heart rectangular coordinate of i-th calibration point to be converted to station heart polar coordinates:

θ _ci=atan (y _ePi/ x _ePi) (formula 4)

${\mathrm{\β}}_{\mathrm{Ci}}=\mathrm{\α}\tan (z_{\mathrm{EPi}}/\sqrt{{x_{\mathrm{EPi}}}^2+{y_{\mathrm{EPi}}}^2})$ (formula 5)

L _ci=| b _e-b _ci| (formula 6);

θ _ci, β _ci, L _cirepresent the position angle of i-th calibration point under the heart polar coordinates of station, the angle of pitch and distance respectively.

(5) neighborhood point search

For the ease of expressing, calibration point is expressed as 5 dimensional vector P _c=(θ _c, β _c, L _c, α _c, G _c), wherein, θ _crepresent the position angle of calibration point, β _crepresent the angle of pitch of calibration point, L _crepresent the distance between calibration point and survey station point, α _crepresent the angle of calibration point sight line and impact point sight line, G _crepresent the terrain properties of calibration point; If the station heart polar coordinates of impact point are P=(θ _p, β _p, L _p).

The azimuth angle theta of the real-time measuring target point of Photodetection system _pwith angle of pitch β _p, and being transferred to data handling system, data handling system adopts nearest neighbor method to carry out neighborhood point search in all calibration points, obtains point set P _nb, concrete steps are as follows:

Step one: the angle α calculating each calibration point sight line and impact point sight line _c;

Step 2: search angle α _cminimum calibration point P _min;

Step 3: at P _minneighborhood point in search and a P _minterrain properties G _cequal calibration point, obtains point set P _nb.

(6) target range calculates

If the rectangular equation of plane is Ax+By+Cz+1=0(formula 7)

Set up an office collection P _nbin point have K, by P _nbmiddle polar coordinates are a little transformed into rectangular coordinate:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_i=L_{\mathrm{Ci}}\sin {\mathrm{\β}}_{\mathrm{Ci}}\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_{\mathrm{Ci}}\\ y_i=L_{\mathrm{Ci}}\sin {\mathrm{\β}}_{\mathrm{Ci}}\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_{\mathrm{Ci}}\\ z_i=L_{\mathrm{Ci}}\cos {\mathrm{\β}}_{\mathrm{Ci}}\end{array}\right.,(i\∈[1,K\left]\right)$ (formula 8)

Wherein, i represents point set P _nbin the sequence number of point.

The least square fitting solution obtaining plane equation is:

$\left[\begin{array}{c}A\\ B\\ C\end{array}\right]={\left[\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{\Σ}{x_i}^2& \mathrm{\Σ}{x}_i{y}_i& \mathrm{\Σ}{z}_i{x}_i\\ \mathrm{\Σ}{x}_i{y}_i& \mathrm{\Σ}{y_i}^2& \mathrm{\Σ}{y}_i{z}_i\\ \mathrm{\Σ}{z}_i{x}_i& \mathrm{\Σ}{y}_i{z}_i& \mathrm{\Σ}{z_i}^2\end{array}\right]}^{-1}\left[\begin{array}{c}-\mathrm{\Σ}{x}_i\\ -\mathrm{\Σ}{y}_i\\ -\mathrm{\Σ}{z}_i\end{array}\right],$ Wherein $\underset{i=1}{\overset{K}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}$ Referred to as Σ.(formula 9)

Straight-line equation survey station point being pointed to the sight line of impact point is denoted as:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}x=L_P\sin {\mathrm{\β}}_P\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_P\\ y=L_P\sin {\mathrm{\β}}_P\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_P\\ z=L_P\cos {\mathrm{\β}}_P\end{array}\right.$ (formula 10)

By formula (7), (10) simultaneous solution, obtain the distance L of impact point apart from survey station point _p:

$L_P=-\frac{1}{A\sin {\mathrm{\β}}_P\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_P+B\sin {\mathrm{\β}}_P\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_P+C{\cos \mathrm{\β}}_P}$ (formula 11)

As shown in Figure 2, use the measuring system of the terrain object distance measurement method based on geography information of the present invention, comprise Photodetection system, GPS, acquisition software, electronic chart and data handling system.Wherein:

Photodetection system is used for position angle and the angle of pitch of measurement target, and sends to data handling system in real time;

GPS is for measuring the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point;

Acquisition software, for sampling to the topographical surface of monitored area on electronic chart, obtains the terrestrial coordinate of sampled point, and sampled point is stored as calibration point;

Data handling system, for receiving position angle and the angle of pitch of the measurement target of Photodetection system transmission, receives the terrestrial coordinate of the survey station point that GPS measurement obtains, the calibration point that storage of collected software obtains; For calculating the division of calibration point landform, coordinate transform, neighborhood point search and target range;

Photodetection system, GPS, acquisition software connect described data handling system respectively, and acquisition software connects electronic chart.

In order to verify feasibility of the present invention and validity, inventor gives following target distance measurement example.

Embodiment:

GoogleEarth altitude figures sampling instrument v1.1 is adopted to gather calibration point in the present embodiment on GoogleEarth map.It is 625 that the demarcation gathered is counted; Longitude range [107.505639 °, 107.560527 °], sampling interval is 0.002287 °; Latitude scope [34.482877 °, 34.528453 °], sampling interval is 0.001899 °; The site terrestrial coordinate of survey station is (107.53286,34.52795,843).As shown in Figure 4, the data in Fig. 4 show after being through data normalization the data of calibration point, and * represents original calibration point.Fig. 5 is nominal data gradient schematic diagram; Fig. 6 is that calibration point landform divides schematic diagram; Fig. 7 is result of calculation schematic diagram (showing after data normalization), * result of calculation is represented, calculated as other calibration points of unknown point by calibration point one by one during calculating, the distance value that the electronic map coordinates value of calibration point is converted to is as true value, and statistical distance error is less than 0.1%.

Claims (7)

1. the terrain object distance based on geography information singly to be stood a measuring method, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:

(1) terrestrial coordinate of survey station point is measured

(2) to the topographical surface sampling in monitoring range

Use acquisition software to sample to the topographical surface of monitored area on electronic chart, obtain the terrestrial coordinate of M sampled point, wherein, M >=3, and sampled point is stored as calibration point;

(3) calibration point landform divides

Landform division is carried out to the calibration point obtained, all zone numbers obtained are designated as G _c, represent the terrain properties of corresponding calibration point;

(4) coordinate transform

Step one: the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point and calibration point is separately converted to the earth rectangular coordinate;

Step 2: the station heart rectangular coordinate obtaining all calibration points;

Step 3: the station heart rectangular coordinate of all calibration points is converted to station heart polar coordinates;

(5) neighborhood point search

The azimuth angle theta of real-time measuring target point _pwith angle of pitch β _p, in all calibration point, carry out neighborhood point search, obtain point set P _nb;

(6) target range calculates

Use point set P _nbfit Plane, points to the straight-line equation simultaneous solution of the sight line of impact point by planimetric rectangular coordinates equation and survey station point, obtain the distance L of impact point apart from survey station point _p.

2. the terrain object based on geography information as claimed in claim 1 is apart from measuring method of singly standing, it is characterized in that, use the image partition method based on watershed divide to carry out landform division to the calibration point obtained in described step (3), concrete steps are as follows:

Calibration point is mapped on a width two dimensional image, by the pixel coordinate of the longitude in the terrestrial coordinate of calibration point, the corresponding two dimensional image of latitude, by the gray scale of the elevation corresponding pixel points of calibration point; Calculate the gradient of each calibration point, using Gradient as initial input, calibration point is divided into different regions.

3. the terrain object based on geography information as claimed in claim 1 is apart from measuring method of singly standing, and it is characterized in that, in described step (4), the conversion formula of step one is:

(formula 1)

(formula 2)

Wherein, b _erepresent the earth rectangular coordinate of survey station point; b _cirepresent the earth rectangular coordinate of i-th calibration point; (B _e, L _e, H _e) represent the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point; (B _ci, L _ci, H _ci) represent the terrestrial coordinate of i-th calibration point, i ∈ [1, M]; N represents radius of curvature in prime vertical; E represents earth's spheroid excentricity.

4. the terrain object based on geography information as claimed in claim 1 is apart from measuring method of singly standing, and it is characterized in that, in the calibration point of the middle step 2 of described step (4), and the station heart rectangular coordinate X of i-th calibration point _ePi=(x _ePi, y _ePi, z _ePi) ^t

Try to achieve according to formula 3:

X _EPi＝A _E(b _Ci-b _E)

(formula 3)

Wherein,

Wherein, (B _e, L _e, H _e) represent the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point; b _erepresent the earth rectangular coordinate of survey station point; b _cirepresent the earth rectangular coordinate of i-th calibration point, i ∈ [1, M].

5. the terrain object based on geography information as claimed in claim 1 is apart from measuring method of singly standing, and it is characterized in that, the neighborhood point search that carries out in all calibration points described in described step (5) adopts nearest neighbor method, and concrete steps are as follows:

Step one: the angle α calculating each calibration point sight line and impact point sight line _c;

Step 2: search angle α _cminimum calibration point P _min;

Step 3: at P _minneighborhood point in search and a P _minterrain properties G _cequal calibration point, obtains point set P _nb.

6. the terrain object based on geography information as claimed in claim 5 is apart from measuring method of singly standing, and it is characterized in that, the concrete steps of described step (6) are as follows:

If the rectangular equation of plane is:

Ax+By+Cz+1=0 (formula 7)

Set up an office collection P _nbin point have K, by P _nbmiddle polar coordinates are a little transformed into rectangular coordinate:

(formula 8)

Wherein, i represents point set P _nbin the sequence number of point;

The least square fitting solution obtaining plane equation is:

wherein referred to as Σ; (formula 9)

Straight-line equation survey station point being pointed to the sight line of impact point is denoted as:

(formula 10)

By formula (7), (10) simultaneous solution, obtain the distance L of impact point apart from survey station point _p:

(formula 11)

Wherein, θ _crepresent the position angle of calibration point, β _crepresent the angle of pitch of calibration point, L _crepresent the distance between calibration point and survey station point, θ _prepresent the position angle of impact point; β _prepresent the angle of pitch of impact point.

7. use the measuring system of the distance of the terrain object based on the geography information single station measuring method described in claim 1, comprise Photodetection system, GPS, acquisition software, electronic chart, data handling system, wherein:

Described Photodetection system is used for position angle and the angle of pitch of measurement target, and sends to data handling system in real time;

Described GPS is for measuring the terrestrial coordinate of survey station point;

Described acquisition software, for sampling to the topographical surface of monitored area on electronic chart, obtains the terrestrial coordinate of sampled point, and sampled point is stored as calibration point;

Described data handling system, for receiving position angle and the angle of pitch of the measurement target of Photodetection system transmission, receives the terrestrial coordinate of the survey station point that GPS measurement obtains, the calibration point that storage of collected software obtains; For calculating the division of calibration point landform, coordinate transform, neighborhood point search and target range;

Described Photodetection system, GPS, acquisition software connect described data handling system respectively, and acquisition software connects electronic chart.