CN103773722B - Salt tolerant also has subtilis and the application thereof of low-temperature biological deamination function - Google Patents
Salt tolerant also has subtilis and the application thereof of low-temperature biological deamination function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to biological technical field, be specifically related to a strain salt tolerant and there is subtilis and the application thereof of low-temperature biological deamination function.Subtilis DA-1 of the present invention, Classification And Nomenclature: Bacillus subtilis, in the center preservation of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms, preserving number is CGMCC No.8292, and the preservation time is on October 8th, 2013.Subtilis of the present invention is with low cost, easy and simple to handle, viable bacteria rate is high.The subtilis probiotics of preparation can remove ammonia nitrogen in eutrophication water under cryogenic, particularly in fishery cultivating, rapidly and efficiently can reduce the content of ammonia nitrogen in water body, improve aquaculture water environment, bring significant social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological technical field, be specifically related to the Fang Fa ﹑ that a kind of Xi Jun ﹑ under cryogenic with high deamination activity cultivates this bacterium and take this bacterium as the Bei ﹑ processed of the low-temperature biological deamidization of main moiety and use the application of said preparation in the degraded of water body nitrogen.
Background technology
Nitrogen Cycling is one of composition of the of paramount importance ecosystem material cycle of occurring in nature.But the use of nitrogenous fertilizer and the development of high-density aquiculture, also result in serious environmental problem while bringing great economic benefit.In aquaculture, because nitrogen phosphorus element content is too high, eutrophication situation that is that cause frequently occurs, except making water quality deterioration and destroying except biotic balance wherein, ammonia nitrogen wherein and nitrite nitrogen have stronger toxicity to cultivated animals, particularly ammonia nitrogen (NH
4 +-N), it directly or indirectly can affect the Chang ﹑ breeding of Sheng and even the death of fish, and it directly can be absorbed by plant on the one hand, increases planktonic organism amount, for fish provide abundanter nutrition bait.On the other hand it to fish and other hydrocoles toxic, it can destroy gill tissue, and infilters in blood, reduces blood oxygen carrying capability, breathing function is declined.
Studies have reported that and shown that candiyeast, Nocardia bacteria, photosynthetic bacterium, nitrobacteria etc. have stronger removal ability to the ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water, but there is the shortcomings such as inoculum size is large, application cost is high, and genus bacillus is easily separated, easily cultivate, this quasi-microorganism not only can produce the outer lytic enzyme of multiple born of the same parents, organism residual in water of decomposition, also statoblast can be produced, severe environment can be resisted, facilitate preparation processing and accumulating, in reduction water body ammonia-nitrogen content and regulating water quality, have good application prospect.
Subtilis removes except ability except having ammonia nitrogen preferably, can also produce a large amount of extracellular enzyme classes, thus the macromole such as the residual bait consumed in a large number in pond and animal excrements is organic.Macromole organic matter is broken down into the material such as small molecular organic acid, amino acid, can provide nutrition for photosynthetic bacterium, algae and other planktonic organism in water body, objectively facilitates the stable of micro-ecological environment; Genus bacillus also can make the intestinal pH of hydrocoles reduce, and produces comparatively strong active proteolytic enzyme and amylase, promotes the digestion of hydrocoles; In addition, genus bacillus field planting, in target animal enteron aisle, takes oxygen effect by force through biology, can suppress growing and improving the immunizing power of animal of pathogenic bacteria, final prophylactic generation, and final promotion target animal grows and improves food conversion ratio.
It is indifferent mostly to there is removing of ammonia nitrogen in the subtilis reported at present; high (less than 25 DEG C ammonia nitrogen removals are indifferent) is required to envrionment temperature; Strain survival rate is not high; production cost is large; bacterial strain is the problems such as denitrification activity is low in high salinity water body, have impact on the application of subtilis in environment protection.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a strain and have the bioactive bacterium of low temperature deamination: subtilis DA-1, this bacterium has higher ammonia nitrogen removal ability.This kind of bacterial strain is aerobic bacteria, can effectively by NH in biological denitrificaion
4 +-N directly changes into self component of thalline, and more specifically, this bacterioid is a bacterioid of bacillus, screens obtain by contriver in the soil gathered in Chinese lute lakeside, Tourism Resource in Zhongshan Scenic Area, Nanjing.Bacterium disclosed by the invention is subtilis DA-1, Classification And Nomenclature: subtilis, Bacillus subtilis.It at the preserving number at China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center is: CGMCC No.8292.The preservation time: on October 08th, 2013, preservation address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City Chinese science microorganisms institute.
Under cryogenic, DA-1 of the present invention still has higher ammonia nitrogen removal ability.
DA-1 of the present invention can at 15 ~ 30 DEG C, the shaking flask rotating speed of 120 ~ 250r/min, under the condition of pH5 ~ 10, cultivate in often liter of substratum containing 10 ~ 25g glucose, 1 ~ 3g Zulkovsky starch, 10 ~ 40g soybean cake powder, 20 ~ 40mg manganous sulfate, 0.1 ~ 0.4g yeast extract paste, 0.1 ~ 0.3g iron trichloride and 0.1 ~ 0.3g calcium carbonate.
Preferred cultural method is: DA-1 of the present invention is at 30 DEG C, the shaking flask rotating speed of 200r/min, under the condition of pH7.0, contain in the substratum of 15g glucose, 2g Zulkovsky starch, 30g soybean cake powder, 30mg manganous sulfate, 0.2g yeast extract paste, 0.1g iron trichloride, 0.1g calcium carbonate at often liter.
In above-mentioned substratum, sterilising conditions is preferred: 121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min, adds in aseptic culture medium after the independent 115 DEG C of sterilizing 15min of glucose.Need in solid medium to add 1.5% agar powder.Per-cent of the present invention is all weight percentage.
The invention also discloses the fermentation process in high density of DA-1, by liquid submerged fermentation, this bacterium can form a large amount of gemma, and in ammonia and nitrogen pollution water body, be used alone this biological denitrifier can ammonia nitrogen in effective elimination water body.
The invention discloses a kind of method that large scale and high density cultivates low temperature deamination genus bacillus DA-1, comprise: at 30 DEG C, mixing speed 200 ~ 300r/min, air flow 0.3 ~ 0.8vvm, connect bacterium amount 3 ~ 6%, under the condition of initial pH7.0, at often liter containing 10 ~ 25g glucose, 1 ~ 3g Zulkovsky starch, 10 ~ 40g soybean cake powder, 20 ~ 40mg manganous sulfate, 1 ~ 3g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1 ~ 2g potassium primary phosphate, 0.2 ~ 1.0g magnesium sulfate, 0.1 ~ 0.5g yeast extract paste, fermentor cultivation bacterium is carried out in the nutrient solution of 0.1 ~ 0.3g iron trichloride and 0.1 ~ 0.3g calcium carbonate.
Preferred method is included in 30 DEG C, mixing speed 250r/min, air flow 0.5vvm, connects bacterium amount 5%, under the condition of initial pH7.0, in often liter of nutrient solution containing 15g glucose, 2g Zulkovsky starch, 30g soybean cake powder, 30mg manganous sulfate, 3g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5g potassium primary phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 0.2g yeast extract paste, 0.1g iron trichloride and 0.1g calcium carbonate, carry out fermentor cultivation bacterium.
DA-1 of the present invention is the bacterium with outstanding ammonia nitrogen removal ability, can obtain the bacterial strain that viable count is many, gemma rate is high, just can show ammonia nitrogen removal activity under cryogenic after fermentation culture.
In use, after generally DA-1 of the present invention being carried out large scale and high density cultivation, low-temperature centrifugation results thalline, thalline is resuspended in the skimmed milk of 12 ~ 15%, is lyophilized into thalline lyophilized powder.The preferred activity of lyophilized powder is 1.0 ~ 2.7 × 10
11cFU/g.Directly lyophilized powder is dropped into the water body treating ammonia nitrogen removal during use.
The invention also discloses a kind of method of water body being carried out to biological deamination, comprising: thalline lyophilized powder is directly dropped into freshwater aquiculture water body, make its final concentration be 10
7~ 10
8cFU/m
3.After best Combination of Methods comprises low temperature deamination genus bacillus is carried out large scale and high density cultivation, gather in the crops thalline by 8000r/min, 4 DEG C of centrifugal 10min, be resuspended in the skimmed milk of 15%, freeze-drying.Thalline lyophilized powder directly drops into freshwater aquiculture water body, makes its final concentration be 10
7~ 10
8cFU/m
3.Under the combination culture condition such as it is active that low temperature deamination genus bacillus DA-1 of the present invention just has outstanding deamination under cryogenic, the Wen Du ﹑ pH that is suitable, sole carbon source, C/N ratio, DA-1 can show stronger ammonia nitrogen removal ability.
Wen Du ﹑ pH, salinity are on the impact of DA-1 degradation of ammonia nitrogen:
Subtilis DA-1 is inoculated into often liter containing 5g extractum carnis, 10g peptone, and 5g sodium-chlor is cultivated 24h in shaking table in the basic medium of pH7.0, made biomass reach 10
9more than CFU/mL.Viable bacteria counting method is adopted to measure genus bacillus bacterium dense.Thalline is after centrifugal physiological saline rinsing three times, abandon supernatant, add isopyknic physiological saline suspension thalline, by bacteria suspension with 1% inoculum size (volume ratio) be seeded to the screening culture medium that ammonia nitrogen concentration is 50mg/L, screening culture medium forms: 5.0g glucose, 0.25g (NH
4)
2sO
4, 1.0g NaCl, 0.5g K
2hPO
4, 0.25g MgSO
4, 1000mL water, pH7.0.Culture temperature (DEG C) is set to respectively 10 ﹑ 15 ﹑ 20,25,30, pH7.0,200r/min shaking table cultivates; PH is set to 5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0,9.0 respectively, and culture temperature 30 DEG C, 200r/min shaking table are cultivated; Salinity (%) is set to 0,1,2,3,4 respectively, culture temperature 30 DEG C, pH7.0,200r/min shaking table is cultivated, and measures ammonia nitrogen degradation rate after 48h.
As can be seen from Figure 1, from the temperature range of 15-30 DEG C, the ammonia nitrogen degradation rate of DA-1 can remain on more than 95%, when temperature is too low reach 10 DEG C time, ammonia nitrogen degradation rate can be affected, and drops to 60%.
As seen from Figure 2, temperature is 30 DEG C, and when pH is 5.0, DA-1 is to the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen lower than 10%, and as pH > 6.0, mineralized nitrogen rate is higher, and when pH is 7.0, ammonia nitrogen degradation rate is the highest.DA-1 is adapted at growth metabolism under neutral and slight alkalinity environment.This is because hydrogen ion concentration can change the electric charge of microorganism and plasmalemma, and then affect enzymic activity and the growth metabolism of microorganism, pH can also affect the degree of ionization of substratum Middle nutrition material, thus affect the absorption of microorganism to nutritive substance, to affect in environment objectionable impurities to the toxicity of microorganism and the activity etc. affecting various enzyme in metabolic reaction.
DA-1 is adaptable to pH, all shows very strong ammonia nitrogen degradation ability, can meet the degraded of ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water completely in pH7 ~ 9.
As can be seen from Figure 3, be 30 DEG C in temperature, under the condition of pH7.0, when cultivating with the shaking speed of 200r/min, the reducing activity of salinity to bacterial strain does not have a significant effect.There is certain salt concn in the water body of aquaculture, fresh water salt concn is generally no more than 0.5%, and seawater average salinity is 3.5%.To sum up, bacterial strain can adapt to the high salt concentration of seawater, can remove the ammonia nitrogen in water body fast.
Low temperature deamination subtilis DA-1 of the present invention is the aerobic heterotrophic microorganism of a strain, it is (15 ~ 25 DEG C) under cryogenic, can to eutrophication water, particularly the water body of ammonium salt-containing carries out the process of nitrogen harmless biological, and the freshwater aquiculture water body through the biological treatment of low temperature deamination subtilis reaches the comparatively safe level of fishes and shrimps.The water body harmless treatment of low temperature deamination subtilis is carried out under aerobic conditions; do not need special equipment; ammonia nitrogen is converted into the component of thalline self in a large number; bacterium can enter food chain as the food of fish; finally realize environment protection, and really accomplish harmless, the reasonable recirculation of the energy and material simultaneously.
The invention discloses a kind of method of under cryogenic nitrogen-containing wastewater being carried out to biological deamination, the subtilis DA-1 in the present invention with low temperature ammonia nitrogen removal ability can join in nitrogen-containing wastewater, physical environment 15 ~ 25 DEG C under static or whipped state, after 3 ~ 4 days, 80 ~ 95% of water body ammonia nitrogen can be removed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is DA-1 ammonia nitrogen degradation situation at different temperatures
Accompanying drawing 2 is pH impacts on subtilis DA-1 ammonia nitrogen removal
Accompanying drawing 3 is salinity impacts on subtilis DA-1 ammonia nitrogen removal
Growth curve when accompanying drawing 4 is DA-1 shake flask fermentations
DA-1 gemma rate change when accompanying drawing 5 is 10L fermentor cultivation
Accompanying drawing 6 is DA-1 gemma forms (1000 ×)
Accompanying drawing 7 is DA-1 ammonia nitrogen removal curves in actual aquaculture water
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
DA-1 shake flask fermentation
1. seed activation substratum:
Extractum carnis 5g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 5g, distilled water is settled to 1L, pH7.0.Add 1.5% agar powder and make solid slant culture base.
2. fermention medium:
Glucose 15g, Zulkovsky starch 2g, soybean cake powder 30g, manganous sulfate 30mg, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 3g, potassium primary phosphate 1.5g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, yeast extract paste 0.2g, iron trichloride 0.1g, calcium carbonate 0.1g, distilled water is settled to 1L, initial pH regulator to 7.0.
Bacterial classification DA-1 is inoculated into seed activation substratum, 30 DEG C of constant temperature culture 18h, 5% inoculum size is in the 500mL Erlenmeyer flask that 100mL fermention medium is housed, and 30 DEG C, the concussion of 200r/min condition is cultivated.As shown in Figure 4, when cultivating 0 ~ 2h, DA-1 strain growth is in lag phase to result, and bacterial number is few; After 2h, bacterium enters logarithmic phase, and bacterial number growth is exceedingly fast; 12 ~ 20h is the growth stationary phase of DA-1; After 20h, bacterial count reduces gradually, and bacterium enters decline phase.
Embodiment 2
The fermentor tank large scale culturing of genus bacillus
1. seed culture medium:
Extractum carnis 5g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 5g, distilled water is settled to 1L, pH7.0.Add 1.5% agar powder and make solid slant culture base.
2. fermention medium:
Glucose 15g, Zulkovsky starch 2g, soybean cake powder 30g, manganous sulfate 30mg, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 3g, potassium primary phosphate 1.5g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, yeast extract paste 0.2g, iron trichloride 0.1g, calcium carbonate 0.1g, distilled water is settled to 1L, initial pH regulator to 7.0.
Connecing DA-1 two ring lawn from agar slant is incorporated with in the 500mL Erlenmeyer flask of 100mL seed culture medium, and at 30 DEG C, 12h cultivated by 200r/min shaking table.By 5% inoculum size inoculation, 500mL seed culture fluid is transferred to and is equipped with in the 10L fermentor tank of 9.5L fermention medium.According to the result of study of shake flat experiment, determine the culture condition of best fermentor tank: 30 DEG C, mixing speed 200r/min, air flow 0.5vvm, connect bacterium amount 5%, initial pH is 7.0, in often liter of nutrient solution containing 15g glucose, 2g Zulkovsky starch, 30g soybean cake powder, 30mg manganous sulfate, 3g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5g potassium primary phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 0.2g yeast extract paste, 0.1g iron trichloride and 0.1g calcium carbonate, carry out fermentation culture.In fermentor tank, the change of DA-1 bacterial strain gemma rate as shown in Figure 5, through latent period, bacterium ramp is bred, during 24h, DA-1 bacterial strain starts to form gemma, and during 28h, DA-1 bacterial strain gemma rate reaches 40%, when fermentation culture is to 33h, as shown in Figure 6, gemma rate reaches 85%, now can stop fermentation, carry out subsequent disposal to fermented liquid by embodiment 3.
Embodiment 3
Lyophilized powder preparation and viable bacteria concentration measure
According to embodiment 2, by the fermentor cultivation subtilis DA-1 thalline of 24 hours by 12,000g, at 4 DEG C, centrifugal 15min collects, and is then suspended in the 400mL fermented liquid containing 15% skim-milk, last freeze-drying.Freeze-drying programming is first paragraph :-30 DEG C, 240min(4h); Second segment :-10 DEG C, 600min(10h); 3rd section: 0 DEG C, 960min(16h); 4th section: 4 DEG C, 360min(6h).
Thalline freeze-dried powder preparation viable bacteria concentration scope is 2.7 × 10
11cFU/g, gross weight is about 96g.
Embodiment 4
The ammonia nitrogen removal ability of subtilis DA-1 in actual aquaculture water
According to lyophilized powder prepared by embodiment 3, by thalline freeze-dried powder preparation (2.7 × 10
11cFU/g) directly drop into polluted seawater cultivating pool, the input amount of thalline is 10
8cFU/m
3, every day is with the ammonia-nitrogen content of indigo spectrphotometric method for measuring pond waters.
Result shows, under the water body environment of water temperature 17 DEG C, pH7.8, and NH in water
4 +-N declined from the 2nd day after thalline is thrown in, 0.17mg/L is dropped to by 2.4mg/L to when the 5th day, see Fig. 7, subtilis has the effect of the degradation of ammonia nitrogen of highly significant, can when not taking additive method, by water body ammonia nitrogen fast degradation to the comparatively safe level of fishes and shrimps.In whole implementation process, pH fluctuates between the scope of 7.6 ~ 7.9, and this scope is applicable to the growth of genus bacillus.
Claims (8)
1. a subtilis (
bacillus subtilis) DA-1 bacterial strain, its preserving number is: CGMCC No.8292.
2. cultivate the method for the subtilis of claim 1 for one kind, comprise: 15 ~ 30 DEG C, 120 ~ 250r/min shaking flask rotating speed, under pH 5 ~ 10 condition, to cultivate in often liter of nutrient solution containing 10 ~ 25g glucose, 1 ~ 3g Zulkovsky starch, 10 ~ 40g soybean cake powder, 20 ~ 40mg manganous sulfate, 0.1 ~ 0.4g yeast extract paste, 0.1 ~ 0.3g iron trichloride and 0.1 ~ 0.3g calcium carbonate.
3. the method for claim 2, comprise: at 30 DEG C, 200r/min shaking flask rotating speed, under pH 7.0 condition, cultivates in often liter of nutrient solution containing 15g glucose, 2g Zulkovsky starch, 30g soybean cake powder, 30mg manganous sulfate, 0.2g yeast extract paste, 0.1g iron trichloride and 0.1g calcium carbonate.
4. the method for the subtilis of a mass-producing fermentation culture claim 1, comprise: at 30 DEG C, mixing speed 200 ~ 300r/min, air flow 0.3 ~ 0.8vvm, connect bacterium amount 3 ~ 6%, under the condition of initial pH 7.0, at often liter containing 10 ~ 25g glucose, 1 ~ 3g Zulkovsky starch, 10 ~ 40g soybean cake powder, 20 ~ 40mg manganous sulfate, 1 ~ 3g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1 ~ 2g potassium primary phosphate, 0.2 ~ 1.0g magnesium sulfate, 0.1 ~ 0.5g yeast extract paste, fermentor cultivation bacterium is carried out in the nutrient solution of 0.1 ~ 0.3g iron trichloride and 0.1 ~ 0.3g calcium carbonate, described per-cent is weight percentage.
5. the method for claim 4, comprise: at 30 DEG C, the mixing speed of 250r/min, under the condition of the air flow of 0.5vvm, the bacterium amount that connects of 5%, initial pH 7.0, in often liter of nutrient solution containing 15g glucose, 2g Zulkovsky starch, 30g soybean cake powder, 30mg manganous sulfate, 3g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5g potassium primary phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 0.2g yeast extract paste, 0.1g iron trichloride and 0.1g calcium carbonate, carry out fermentation culture.
6. the application of the subtilis in claim 1 in aquaculture water deamination.
7. marine culture water is carried out to a method for biological deamination, comprising: after being cultivated by the subtilis of claim 1, be suspended in skimmed milk and freeze-drying, lyophilized powder is directly dropped into water body, at physical environment pH 7 ~ 9, cultivate after 3 ~ 4 days, the ammonia nitrogen of water body can be removed.
8. the method for claim 7, comprising: after being cultivated by the subtilis of claim 1, be suspended in skimmed milk and freeze-drying, lyophilized powder is directly dropped into water body, the input amount of thalline is 10
7~ 10
8cFU/m
3, at physical environment pH 7 ~ 9, temperature 15 ~ 20 DEG C, cultivates after 3 ~ 4 days, can remove the ammonia nitrogen in water body.
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