CN103769692A - On-machine measuring device and method for pitch deviation of large gear - Google Patents
On-machine measuring device and method for pitch deviation of large gear Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
- G01B5/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures between a succession of regularly spaced objects or regularly spaced apertures
- G01B5/166—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures between a succession of regularly spaced objects or regularly spaced apertures of gear teeth
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Abstract
The utility model provides a large-scale gear pitch deviation is at quick-witted measuring device, includes the numerical control revolving stage of drive gear rotation and location, includes the radial numerical control slip table of drive indicator along gear radial motion, includes the axial numerical control slip table of drive indicator along gear axial motion, includes lathe electrical apparatus and numerical control system, still includes two amesdial indicators with the touching of flank of tooth. A method for measuring the pitch deviation of large gear on machine includes such steps as measuring the position of tooth surface, calculating the single pitch deviation, and calculating the cumulative pitch deviation. The method is completely based on the existing mechanical structure and control system of the gear processing machine tool, is simple and reliable, is convenient to operate, and can be used for measuring the pitch errors with low cost and high precision.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to gear error fields of measurement, be specifically related to a kind of large gear tooth pitch deviation on-machine measurement apparatus and method.
Background technology
Large gear is mainly used in the key areas such as the energy, traffic, national defence, is the key components and parts of the transmission device on wind-power electricity generation, large hydropower station nuclear power station, forging equipment and boats and ships.Not only processing and manufacturing difficulty of large gear, and measurement is also a difficult problem.Measure because size is difficult to more greatly find suitable three-coordinates measuring machine or gear measuring center, and have measurement and the difficult unified problem of machining benchmark, so large gear is generally to adopt on-machine measurement method to measure.
Pitch error is an important indicator of the driving error of gear.A kind of method of on-machine measurement pitch error is to use turntable by a chaining pin and the touching of each flank of tooth, obtains the revolving table position that each flank of tooth is corresponding, then the error of calculation.The coupled problem of turntable error of division when this method not only exists processing and measures, and due to the radius amplification of large gear, very high to the required precision of turntable, general lathe is difficult to reach.Another kind of on-machine measurement method is to use tooth pitch comparator, and this instrument is independent of lathe, fetch long price, and can only measure the relative value of tooth pitch deviation, cannot measure the absolute value of tooth pitch deviation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of large gear tooth pitch deviation on-machine measurement apparatus and method, the tooth pitch class deviations such as the present invention is inclined to one side mainly for the monodentate distance of large gear, tooth pitch cumulative departure, provide on-machine measurement apparatus and method.
Outstanding advantages of the present invention is: certainty of measurement of the present invention is not subject to the impact of turntable precision, based on the existing mechanical part of gear cutting machine and digital control system, do not need extra TT&C system, measure cost poor efficiency high, can measure the absolute value of tooth pitch deviation.Applied range of the present invention, can be in the upper use of all gear cutting machines (gear-hobbing machine, tooth milling machine and gear grinding machines etc.).
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of large gear tooth pitch deviation on-machine measurement device of the present invention, comprise numerical control rotating platform 2, lathe bed 6, radial numerical control slide unit 3, axial NC slide unit 4 and the indicator 5 of touching with the flank of tooth, also comprise electric device and digital control system, gear 1 clamping is on numerical control rotating platform 2, along with the C axle of numerical control rotating platform 2 moves together, indicator 5 use Magnetic gauge stands are fixed on axial NC slide unit 4, together with the X-axis of radial numerical control slide unit 3 and the Z axis of axial NC slide unit 4, move, X-axis, Z axis and the motion of C axle of lathe is by electric device and the digital control system control of lathe.
Described indicator 5 is two amesdials.
A kind of large gear tooth pitch deviation on-machine measurement method of the present invention,
A) comprise the step that indicator 5 sets up:
A1, the gauge head of two indicators 5 is contacted with adjacent corresponding flanks, the gauge head of indicator 5 and the flank of tooth roughly the same region on the flank of tooth contacts;
A2, estimate tooth pitch cumulative departure size and turntable positioning precision, Control director has enough pre compressed magnitudes;
A3, the adjacent flank of tooth that contacts with the gauge head of indicator 5 are roughly in crossing rotation of rotary table center and being parallel on the straight line of the radial numerical control slide unit direction of motion;
The direction of motion of the gauge head touching of a4, indicator 5 is approximately perpendicular to the flank of tooth of gear;
B) comprise the step of measuring flank of tooth position:
B1, set up two indicators 5 according to the requirement in step a, the gauge head of indicator 5 is contacted with the right flank of tooth, the coordinate that now records turntable is C
1, radial numerical control slide unit coordinate is X
1.
B2, by numerical control rotating platform 2 along the gauge head of indicator 5 away from flank of tooth direction rotation angle C
m, make two indicators 5 throw off the flank of tooth.C
m=360/zg/8, m
nfor normal module, β is spiral angle of graduated circle;
B3, by numerical control rotating platform 2 again along the gauge head of indicator 5 near flank of tooth direction rotation angle C
m, two indicators 5 will contact Tooth, and the reading of two tables of record is respectively v
11R, v
12R;
B4, by numerical control rotating platform 2 along the gauge head of indicator 5 away from flank of tooth direction rotation angle C
m, make two indicators 5 throw off the flank of tooth;
B5, by radial numerical control slide unit 3 along away from Gear axis direction move distance X
m, indicator 5 exits teeth groove, X
m=4*m
n.
B6., numerical control rotating platform 2 is rotated in the forward to angle 360/z
g, z
gfor the gear number of teeth;
B7, by radial numerical control slide unit 3 along near gear 1 axis direction move distance X
m, indicator 5 enters teeth groove;
B8, by numerical control rotating platform 2 along the gauge head of indicator 5 near flank of tooth direction rotation angle C
m, make two indicator 5 contact Tooth.The reading of two indicators of record is respectively v
21R, v
22R;
B9, repeating step b3 are to step b8, and indicator 5 readings of record are respectively v
i1R, v
i2R, i=1,2 ..., z
g;
B10, repeating step b1 are to step b9, and frame table is measured the left flank of tooth again, and recording indicator (5) reading is v
i1L, v
i2L, i=1,2 ..., z
g;
C) comprise the calculation procedure of monodentate apart from deviation:
C1, calculate the theoretical monodentate of the right flank of tooth apart from corresponding indicator display difference, v
210=sum{v
i2R-v
i1R, i=1,2 ..., zg}/zg;
C2, calculate right flank of tooth monodentate apart from deviation, f
ptiR=(v
i2R-v
i1R-v
210)/cos (β), i=1,2 ... zg, β is gear compound graduation circle helical angle;
C3, repeating step c1 and step c2 calculate left flank of tooth monodentate apart from deviation f
ptiL;
D) comprise the calculation procedure of tooth pitch cumulative departure:
D1, calculate right flank of tooth monodentate apart from deviation, F
piR=f
pt1R+ f
pt2R+ ... + f
ptiR, i=1,2 ..., zg-1;
D2, repetition d1 calculate left flank of tooth monodentate apart from deviation F
piL.
In described step a2, pre compressed magnitude is greater than 3 times and the summation of turntable positioning precision corresponding teeth tip circle arc length of total cumulative pitch error.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Large gear tooth pitch deviation on-machine measurement apparatus and method of the present invention are completely based on the existing mechanical construction and control system of gear cutting machine, the measurement that completes tooth pitch class error of low-cost and high-precision.
It is little that certainty of measurement of the present invention is subject to the impact of turntable and radial numerical control slide unit positioning precision, and the precision of machine tool can meet measurement requirement completely.
Large gear tooth pitch deviation on-machine measurement apparatus and method of the present invention can be measured the absolute value of tooth pitch deviation, rather than relative value, and measurement result is more accurate.
Large gear tooth pitch deviation on-machine measurement method of the present invention is simple and reliable, it is easy to operate to install, automaticity is high, and whole process can realize by digital control system, and operator only needs read-record.
Large gear tooth pitch deviation on-machine measurement method of the present invention can be applied to all gear cutting machines, has advantages of applied range.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is on-machine measurement device schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the frame table method schematic diagram of measuring indicator while beginning.
The right flank of tooth measurement procedure of Fig. 3 schematic diagram step by step.
In figure: 1 is that gear, 2 is that numerical control rotating platform, 3 is that radial numerical control slide unit, 4 is that axial NC slide unit, 5 is that indicator, 6 is lathe bed.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
Figure 1 shows that at machine tooth pitch measurement mechanism schematic diagram, this device is made up of numerical control rotating platform 2, lathe bed 6, radial numerical control slide unit 3, axial NC slide unit 4, indicator 5 and electric device and digital control system etc.Gear 1 clamping is on numerical control rotating platform 2, along with the C axle of numerical control rotating platform 2 moves together.Indicator 5 use Magnetic gauge stands are fixed on axial NC slide unit 4, together with the X-axis of radial numerical control slide unit 3 and the Z axis of axial NC slide unit 4, move.X-axis, Z axis and the motion of C axle of lathe is by the digital control system control of lathe.
Before starting, measurement need to set up indicator according to method shown in Fig. 2.In order to improve certainty of measurement, need satisfied requirement to have: gauge head contacts with region roughly the same on two flank of tooth; Two gauge heads have enough pre compressed magnitudes, occur that gauge head does not reach the situation of the flank of tooth while avoiding measuring; Two initial contact Tooth are roughly symmetrical about machine axis; When gauge head and flank of tooth touching, the direction of motion of gauge head is roughly vertical with the flank of tooth.
Then by programming G code numerical control program, control lathe according to the measurement procedure operation shown in Fig. 3, in Fig. 3, A, B, C represent respectively 3 adjacent teeth.Measurement procedure is as follows:
B1. measure start before according to having set up two amesdial indicators shown in Fig. 2, the gauge head of indicator is contacted with the right flank of tooth.Recording the now coordinate of turntable is C
1, radial numerical control slide unit coordinate is X
1.
B2. turntable along gauge head away from flank of tooth direction rotation angle C
m, make two indicators throw off the flank of tooth.C
m=360/zg/8, m
nfor normal module, β is spiral angle of graduated circle.
B3. turntable again along gauge head near flank of tooth direction rotation angle C
m, two indicators will contact Tooth, and the reading of two tables of record is respectively v
11R, v
12R.B2 and b3 are the random errors that reduces first measured value.
B4. turntable along gauge head away from flank of tooth direction rotation angle C
m, make two indicators throw off the flank of tooth.
B5. radial numerical control slide unit edge is away from Gear axis direction move distance X
m, indicator exits teeth groove.X
m=4*m
n。
B6. turntable is rotated in the forward angle 360/z
g, z
gfor the gear number of teeth.
B7. radial numerical control slide unit is along close Gear axis direction move distance X
m, indicator enters teeth groove.
B8. turntable along gauge head near flank of tooth direction rotation angle C
m, make two indicator contact Tooth.The reading of two indicators of record is respectively v
21R, v
22R.
Then repeating step b4 is to step b8, and the indicator display of record is respectively v
i1R, v
i2R, i=1,2 ..., z
g.Same method can again be set up indicator and be measured the left flank of tooth, and recording indicator display is v
i1L, v
i2L, i=1,2 ..., z
g.
B8, the indicator display of record is respectively v
i1R, v
i2R, ic1. first calculates the theoretical monodentate of the right flank of tooth apart from corresponding indicator display difference, v
210=sum{v
i2R-v
i1R, i=1,2 ..., zg}/zg.
C2. then calculate right flank of tooth monodentate apart from deviation, f
ptiR=(v
i2R-v
i1R-v
210)/cos (β), i=1,2 ... zg.β is gear compound graduation circle helical angle.
C3. repeat c1 and c2 and calculate left flank of tooth monodentate apart from deviation f
ptiL.
D1. calculate right flank of tooth monodentate apart from deviation, F
piR=f
pt1R+ f
pt2R+ ... + f
ptiR, i=1,2 ..., zg-1.
D2. repeat d1 and calculate left flank of tooth monodentate apart from deviation F
piL.
Embodiment recited above is described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not the spirit and scope of the present invention are limited; do not departing under design concept prerequisite of the present invention; various modification and improvement that in this area, common engineers and technicians make technical scheme of the present invention; all should fall into protection scope of the present invention, the technology contents of request protection of the present invention has all been documented in claims.
Claims (4)
1. a large gear tooth pitch deviation on-machine measurement device, it is characterized in that comprising numerical control rotating platform (2), lathe bed (6), radial numerical control slide unit (3), axial NC slide unit (4) and the indicator (5) of touching with the flank of tooth, also comprise electric device and digital control system, gear (1) clamping is on numerical control rotating platform (2), along with the C axle of numerical control rotating platform (2) moves together, indicator (5) is fixed on axial NC slide unit (4) with Magnetic gauge stand, together with the X-axis of radial numerical control slide unit (3) and the Z axis of axial NC slide unit (4), move, the X-axis of lathe, Z axis and the motion of C axle are by electric device and the digital control system control of lathe.
2. large gear tooth pitch deviation on-machine measurement device according to claim 1, is characterized in that described indicator (5) is two amesdials.
3. a large gear tooth pitch deviation on-machine measurement method, is characterized in that:
A) comprise the step that indicator (5) sets up:
A1, the gauge head of two indicators (5) is contacted with adjacent corresponding flanks, the gauge head of indicator (5) and the flank of tooth roughly the same region on the flank of tooth contacts;
A2, estimate tooth pitch cumulative departure size and turntable positioning precision, Control director has enough pre compressed magnitudes;
A3, the adjacent flank of tooth that contacts with the gauge head of indicator (5) are roughly in crossing rotation of rotary table center and being parallel on the straight line of the radial numerical control slide unit direction of motion;
The direction of motion of the gauge head touching of a4, indicator (5) is approximately perpendicular to the flank of tooth of gear;
B) comprise the step of measuring flank of tooth position:
B1, set up two indicators (5) according to the requirement in step a, the gauge head of indicator (5) is contacted with the right flank of tooth, the coordinate that now records turntable is C
1, radial numerical control slide unit coordinate is X
1.
B2, by numerical control rotating platform (2) along the gauge head of indicator (5) away from flank of tooth direction rotation angle C
m, make two indicators (5) throw off the flank of tooth.C
m=360/zg/8, m
nfor normal module, β is spiral angle of graduated circle;
B3, by numerical control rotating platform (2) again along the gauge head of indicator (5) near flank of tooth direction rotation angle C
m, two indicators (5) will contact Tooth, and the reading of two tables of record is respectively v
11R, v
12R;
B4, by numerical control rotating platform (2) along the gauge head of indicator (5) away from flank of tooth direction rotation angle C
m, make two indicators (5) throw off the flank of tooth;
B5, by radial numerical control slide unit (3) along away from Gear axis direction move distance X
m, indicator (5) exits teeth groove, X
m=4*m
n.
B6., numerical control rotating platform (2) is rotated in the forward to angle 360/z
g, z
gfor the gear number of teeth;
B7, by radial numerical control slide unit (3) along near gear (1) axis direction move distance X
m, indicator (5) enters teeth groove;
B8, by numerical control rotating platform (2) along the gauge head of indicator (5) near flank of tooth direction rotation angle C
m, make two indicators (5) contact Tooth.The reading of two indicators of record is respectively v
21R, v
22R;
B9, repeating step b3 are to step b8, and the indicator of record (5) reading is respectively v
i1R, v
i2R, i=1,2 ..., z
g;
B10, repeating step b1 are to step b9, and frame table is measured the left flank of tooth again, and recording indicator (5) reading is v
i1L, v
i2L, i=1,2 ..., z
g;
C) comprise the calculation procedure of monodentate apart from deviation:
C1, calculate the theoretical monodentate of the right flank of tooth apart from corresponding indicator display difference, v
210=sum{v
i2R-v
i1R, i=1,2 ..., zg}/zg;
C2, calculate right flank of tooth monodentate apart from deviation, f
ptiR=(v
i2R-v
i1R-v
210)/cos (β), i=1,2 ... zg, β is gear compound graduation circle helical angle;
C3, repeating step c1 and step c2 calculate left flank of tooth monodentate apart from deviation f
ptiL;
D) comprise the calculation procedure of tooth pitch cumulative departure:
D1, calculate right flank of tooth monodentate apart from deviation, F
piR=f
pt1R+ f
pt2R+ ... + f
ptiR, i=1,2 ..., zg-1;
D2, repetition d1 calculate left flank of tooth monodentate apart from deviation F
piL.
4. large gear tooth pitch deviation on-machine measurement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that pre compressed magnitude in described step a2 is greater than 3 times and the summation of turntable positioning precision corresponding teeth tip circle arc length of total cumulative pitch error.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410055490.5A CN103769692B (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2014-02-18 | On-machine measuring device and method for pitch deviation of large gear |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410055490.5A CN103769692B (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2014-02-18 | On-machine measuring device and method for pitch deviation of large gear |
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| CN103769692B CN103769692B (en) | 2016-06-15 |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104148745A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-11-19 | 西华大学 | Online detection and correction machining method for enveloping worm tooth surface |
| CN104985483A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-10-21 | 南京工程学院 | Method for improving on-machine measuring precision of pitch deviation of large-sized gears |
| CN106152896A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2016-11-23 | 宁夏巨能机器人***有限公司 | A kind of planetary detection device and detection method thereof |
| CN107490353A (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-19 | 克林格伦贝格股份公司 | The method and measuring apparatus of contact measurement are carried out on the flank of tooth of gear workpieces |
| CN108151617A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-12 | 重庆机床(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of large-scale gear hobbing machine portable gear pitch tester |
| JP2018163060A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-18 | 大阪精密機械株式会社 | Gear measuring instrument |
| CN108941789A (en) * | 2018-08-04 | 2018-12-07 | 安徽吉乃尔电器科技有限公司 | A kind of processing measuring tool of face gear |
| CN109277879A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-29 | 西安工业大学 | Gear wheel gear hobbing process pitch error based on Harmonic Decomposition is in machine compensation method |
| CN109365924A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-02-22 | 重庆市计量质量检测研究院 | The more ball magnetic orientation formula tooth pitch templates of multilayer-and its magnetic force design method |
| CN110617790A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-27 | 西安工业大学 | Method for realizing tooth pitch deviation measurement of large gear by adopting relative method |
| CN110940254A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2020-03-31 | 华南理工大学 | Gear pitch deviation measuring method and measuring tool thereof |
| CN111366119A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-07-03 | 西安工业大学 | Method for separating system errors of measuring instrument in gear pitch deviation measurement |
| CN111609788A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-01 | 沈阳工业大学 | Large gear pitch deviation on-machine measuring instrument |
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Cited By (17)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104148745A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-11-19 | 西华大学 | Online detection and correction machining method for enveloping worm tooth surface |
| CN106152896A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2016-11-23 | 宁夏巨能机器人***有限公司 | A kind of planetary detection device and detection method thereof |
| CN106152896B (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2018-11-30 | 宁夏巨能机器人***有限公司 | A kind of detection method of planetary gear detection device |
| CN104985483A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-10-21 | 南京工程学院 | Method for improving on-machine measuring precision of pitch deviation of large-sized gears |
| CN107490353A (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-19 | 克林格伦贝格股份公司 | The method and measuring apparatus of contact measurement are carried out on the flank of tooth of gear workpieces |
| JP2018163060A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-18 | 大阪精密機械株式会社 | Gear measuring instrument |
| CN108151617A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-12 | 重庆机床(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of large-scale gear hobbing machine portable gear pitch tester |
| CN110617790A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-27 | 西安工业大学 | Method for realizing tooth pitch deviation measurement of large gear by adopting relative method |
| CN108941789A (en) * | 2018-08-04 | 2018-12-07 | 安徽吉乃尔电器科技有限公司 | A kind of processing measuring tool of face gear |
| CN109277879A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-29 | 西安工业大学 | Gear wheel gear hobbing process pitch error based on Harmonic Decomposition is in machine compensation method |
| CN109365924B (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-08-30 | 重庆市计量质量检测研究院 | The more ball magnetic orientation formula tooth pitch templates of multilayer-and its magnetic force design method |
| CN109365924A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-02-22 | 重庆市计量质量检测研究院 | The more ball magnetic orientation formula tooth pitch templates of multilayer-and its magnetic force design method |
| CN110940254A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2020-03-31 | 华南理工大学 | Gear pitch deviation measuring method and measuring tool thereof |
| CN110940254B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-06-04 | 华南理工大学 | Gear pitch deviation measuring method and measuring tool thereof |
| CN111366119A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-07-03 | 西安工业大学 | Method for separating system errors of measuring instrument in gear pitch deviation measurement |
| CN111366119B (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-04-06 | 西安工业大学 | Method for separating system errors of measuring instrument in gear pitch deviation measurement |
| CN111609788A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-01 | 沈阳工业大学 | Large gear pitch deviation on-machine measuring instrument |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN103769692B (en) | 2016-06-15 |
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