CN103766577B - Method for preparing active proteins from soybean hulls and application of active proteins - Google Patents
Method for preparing active proteins from soybean hulls and application of active proteins Download PDFInfo
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- CN103766577B CN103766577B CN201410072300.0A CN201410072300A CN103766577B CN 103766577 B CN103766577 B CN 103766577B CN 201410072300 A CN201410072300 A CN 201410072300A CN 103766577 B CN103766577 B CN 103766577B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing active proteins from soybean hulls and an application of the active proteins. The method comprises the following steps: removing impurities from the soybean hulls, soaking, washing, dewatering, drying, grinding so as to obtain obtained soybean hull powder, performing supercritical CO2 fluid extraction on the obtained soybean hull powder, removing the vast majority of fat substances and peculiar smell, adding a proper amount of drinking water or proper quantity of other auxiliary materials according to a ratio, squeezing out by applying a certain pressure and temperature, drying and grinding to obtain the soybean hull active proteins. According to the method, the raw materials are fully utilized, no waste residues and waste steam are generated, and the environment cannot be polluted. A functional test result shows that the active proteins have the immunity-improving effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to foods processing technique, especially, relate to a kind of method and the application thereof that utilize soybean skin making activated protein.
Background technology
Soybean skin refers to is producing a kind of important byproduct obtained through peeling processing technology in soybean high protein preparation process.The average proportions that soybean skin accounts for soybean seed weight reaches 8%, Kornegay (1981) and detects that in soybean skin, protein content is 11.00% ~ 13.26%.Further research finds, is rich in and has immunocompetent trophic factors, comprise some amino acid, lysine, glycine and protein etc. in soybean skin.Such as, in soybean skin, to account for the ratio of protein higher for some amino acid, Cunningham etc. (1993) prove that in soybean skin, lysine content is about 0.71% ~ 0.72% of dry matter weight, Rackis etc. (1961) find that the content of glycine in soybean skin exceeds (1989) such as 48%, Muzilla than dregs of beans and also finds that the fibrous matter be rich in soybean skin has the physiological function of multiple beneficial.Li Defa etc. (2003) mention in soybean total protein have immunocompetent glycinin and beta-conglycinin be respectively 10% ~ 20% and 1% ~ 2%, Sharon and Lis (2002) to propose the activated agglutinin content of tool in soybean total protein be 1%.As can be seen here, there is in raw soybean skin immunocompetent trophic factors and account for the ratio of total protein far above the ratio in whole grain soybean.
Because the content of soy hull fiber material is considerably beyond the content of albumen, thus, soybean skin is often used in feed processing industry, and domestic be mostly soybean skin and bean dregs or dregs of beans are mixed together be processed into feed and be used, seldom have example soybean skin separated and be used alone as feed.The utilization of soybean skin nutrition is also mainly concentrated in the preparation technology of skin of beancurd dietary fiber, considerably less to the research of activated protein in soybean skin.
At present, have in prior art and the proteolysis of skin of beancurd middle or low price value is obtained amino acid, compounded amino acid complex is generated again with mantoquita or rare-earth action, as the report that feed addictive is used, but hydrolysing step can cause having immunocompetent albumen in soybean skin or polypeptide is destroyed, thus loses its original physiologically active.Thus, needing to provide a kind of is directly the method that activated protein prepared by raw material with soybean skin, make activated protein can keep having immunocompetent trophic factors, thus the nutritional labeling of soybean skin can be made full use of, increase the nutritive value of animal feed, Foods or drinks.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of take soybean skin as the method for waste activated protein, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) first by soybean skin impurity elimination, immersion, washing, then dewater, dry, pulverize, obtained soybean skin powder; (2) soybean skin powder is dropped into extractor, use supercritical CO
2fluid extraction technology removes lipid and different assorted taste material; (3) the soybean skin powder after degreasing, removing impurities is carried out material moistening process, make its water content 25% ~ 65%; (4) the soybean skin powder of material moistening process input double screw extruder is carried out HTHP and extrude process; (5) drying is carried out to the material after extruding, make extrudate water content be less than 10%; (6) carry out coarse crushing and ultramicro grinding to dried material, gained powder granularity 120 ~ 160 order, namely obtains soybean skin activated protein.Wherein, supercritical CO in step (2)
2the operating pressure of fluid extraction is 10MPa ~ 40MPa, and temperature is 32 DEG C ~ 55 DEG C, and the time is 1 hour ~ 2.5 hours; The temperature extruding process in step (4) is 90 DEG C ~ 120 DEG C, and charging rate is 10 ~ 50kg/h.For strengthening the stability of soybean active albumen, before carrying out HTHP and extruding process, adding quality percentage by volume in soybean skin powder be respectively the sodium alginate of 0.2% ~ 0.5% and the NaCl of 2% ~ 3.5%.The soybean skin activated protein that the present invention obtains, namely can be used as feed, the additive of Foods or drinks add to need enriched nutritive feed, in Foods or drinks, there is significant develop immunitypty effect.
The supercritical CO that the present invention adopts
2fluid extraction technology has the high advantage of degreasing rate, and have the de-different assorted taste effect of decolouring concurrently, improve quality and the health care of soybean skin protein product, HTHP expressing technique realizes the modification to material simultaneously.High temperature, when high pressure is extruded, powerful friction is produced to soybean skin, shear, melting degradation, make the moisture instant vaporization of superheat state contained in material and produce explosive effect, break or cut off the insoluble long-chain molecule in soy hull fiber, reduce its molecular weight limitedly, and molecule is modified, change chemical constitution and the relative molecular weight of partial polymer in soy hull fiber, destroy the thick and stiff tissue of fiber, make wherein soluble component content, water imbibition and retention ability, in conjunction with waterpower, expansive force greatly improves, thus discharge the activated protein combined with it.Thus, in this process, the control of extrusion temperature and the selection of stabiliser content all can have an impact to keeping the activity of albumen in soybean skin.
Confirmed by the experiment in vitro of non-specific immune function, the soybean skin albumen of acquisition has the breeder reaction effect promoting T, bone-marrow-derived lymphocyte significantly, has obvious humidification to the generation of the induction IFN-γ caused by antigen presenting cell activation; Utilize the food of this soybean skin Protein processing can also strengthen mouse humoral immune function and cytophagous phagocytic function, there is immunoregulation effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
With the by-product of soybean skin of soybean factory for raw material.
1. the pre-treatment of soybean skin
Water soybean skin being put into 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C soaks and stirs, amount of water was advisable not have material surface 3cm ~ 5cm, soak 1-2h, then fully wash by rubbing with the hands with circulating water, the gained soybean skin that wets is carry out centrifugal dewatering under the condition of 3000 revs/min at rotating speed, makes its water content lower than 30%, then hot-air seasoning under 60 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C conditions, make its water content be less than 15%, drying time is depending on drying plant production capacity.The soybean skin of oven dry is carried out pulverization process, and obtained granularity is less than the soybean skin powder of 3mm.
2. degreasing, de-different assorted taste process
Soybean skin powder after pre-treatment is carried out supercritical CO
2extraction, extracting pressure 10MPa, temperature 32 DEG C, 1 hour time, CO
2flow 20L/h.Products obtained therefrom color is milky white or faint yellow, is as good as assorted taste, and lipid material content is less than 3%.
3. material moistening process
Through supercritical CO
2add the drinking water of appropriate 25 DEG C in the soybean skin powder of extraction process, stir, place 25 minutes, soybean skin powder is fully absorbed water, make its water content reach 25%.
4. HTHP extrudes process
By double screw extruder preheating, design temperature 90 DEG C, when die head temperature reaches 100 DEG C, starts and extrudes operation, control charging rate 10kg/h, in extrusion, displays temperature is not less than 90 DEG C, and the extrudate obtained is carried out heated-air drying or natural air drying, its water content is made to be less than 10%, then carry out coarse crushing and ultramicro grinding, make the powder obtained all by 120 mesh sieves, soybean active albumen can be.
For strengthening the stability of soybean active albumen, quality percentage by volume can be added before extruding be respectively the sodium alginate of 0.2% and the NaCl of 2% in soybean skin powder.
Embodiment 2
With the by-product of soybean skin of soybean factory for raw material.
1. the pre-treatment of soybean skin
With the pre-treatment step of embodiment 1.
2. degreasing, de-different assorted taste process
Soybean skin powder after pre-treatment is carried out supercritical CO
2extraction, extracting pressure 30MPa, temperature 45 C, time 2 h, CO
2flow 30L/h.Products obtained therefrom color is milky white or faint yellow, is as good as assorted taste, and lipid material content is less than 1%.
3. material moistening process
Through supercritical CO
2add the drinking water of appropriate 25 DEG C in the soybean skin powder of extraction process, stir, place 30 minutes, soybean skin powder is fully absorbed water, and ensure that its water content is 40%.
4. HTHP extrudes process
By double screw extruder preheating, design temperature 110 DEG C, when die head temperature reaches 120 DEG C, start and extrude operation, control charging rate 30kg/h, in extrusion, displays temperature should lower than 110 DEG C, by the extrudate obtained, carry out heated-air drying or natural air drying, make its water content be less than 8%, then carry out coarse crushing and ultramicro grinding, make the powder obtained all by 140 mesh sieves, soybean active albumen can be.
For strengthening the stabilizing active of soybean skin activated protein, quality percentage by volume can be added before extruding be respectively the sodium alginate of 0.5% and the NaCl of 3.5% in soybean skin powder.
Embodiment 3
The immunocompetence test of soybean skin activated protein.
1. splenocyte suspension preparation
The BALB/c mouse cervical vertebra that breaks is put to death, and asepticly gets spleen, is placed in the little plate filling appropriate aseptic Hanks liquid, is torn up by spleen gently with tweezers, make individual cells suspension.Filter through 200 eye mesh screens, wash with Hanks liquid, centrifugal 10min (1500r/min), add 1mlNH4Cl3.5min, add Hanks liquid, centrifugal 10min (1500r/min), then use the centrifugal 10min of Hanks liquid (1500r/min) to wash once.Then be suspended in the complete culture solution of 2mL by cell, with the blue dyeing counting viable count of platform phenol (should more than 95%), adjustment cell concentration be 2 × 106/Ml.
2. lymphproliferation response:
Splenocyte suspension is added in 96 porocyte culture plates, every hole adds ConA10 μ l subsequently, final concentration is 5mg/L, the every hole of soybean skin activated protein group add with RPMI1640 complete culture solution be diluted to concentration be 10,20,50, each 10 μ l of 100mg/L, each concentration 3 repetition, blank group replaces with isopyknic RPMI1640, puts 37 DEG C, cultivates 72h in 5%CO2 saturated humidity incubator.Take out, add 20 μ l MTS-PMS and continue cultivation 4 ~ 6h, measure A492nm value with ELIASA, measurement result is in table 1.
Table 1
*p＜0.05**p＜0.01vs control
As seen from Table 1, soybean skin activated protein can significant stimulation mice spleen lymphocytes proliferation in the concentration range of 10-100mg/L, and along with concentration increases, stimulating effect is enhancing trend.And the lymphopoiesis stimulated with ConA has synergy, but this cooperative effect and concentration are without obvious correlation.
In sum, soybean skin activated protein prepared by the present invention promotes that the function aspects of cellular immunity has good result in vitro, and tasteless odorless, can combine with other raw-food materials easily, or separately as major ingredient development, the protein active composition of soybean skin is fully utilized, and method technique of the present invention is simple, meet the requirement of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, need not special installation, be suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
Should be understood that, above-mentioned detailed description of the invention of the present invention only for exemplary illustration or explain principle of the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the invention.Therefore, any amendment made when without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.In addition, claims of the present invention be intended to contain fall into claims scope and border or this scope and border equivalents in whole change and modification.
Claims (1)
1. a preparation method for soybean skin activated protein, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) pre-treatment of soybean skin
Water soybean skin being put into 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C soaks and stirs, amount of water should not have material surface 3cm ~ 5cm, soak 1-2h, then fully wash by rubbing with the hands with circulating water, the gained soybean skin that wets is carry out centrifugal dewatering under the condition of 3000 revs/min at rotating speed, makes its water content lower than 30%, then hot-air seasoning under 60 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C conditions, make its water content be less than 15%, the soybean skin of oven dry is carried out pulverization process, obtained granularity is less than the soybean skin powder of 3mm;
(2) degreasing, de-different assorted taste process
Soybean skin powder after pre-treatment is carried out supercritical CO
2extraction, extracting pressure 10MPa, temperature 32 DEG C, 1 hour time, CO
2flow 20L/h, products obtained therefrom color is milky white or faint yellow, is as good as assorted taste, and lipid material content is less than 3%;
(3) material moistening process
Through supercritical CO
2add the drinking water of appropriate 25 DEG C in the soybean skin powder of extraction process, stir, place 25 minutes, soybean skin powder is fully absorbed water, make its water content reach 25%;
(4) HTHP extrudes process
By double screw extruder preheating, design temperature 90 DEG C, die head temperature reaches 100 DEG C, starts and extrudes operation, control charging rate 10kg/h, in extrusion, displays temperature is not less than 90 DEG C, and the extrudate obtained is carried out heated-air drying or natural air drying, its water content is made to be less than 10%, then carry out coarse crushing and ultramicro grinding, make the powder obtained all by 120 mesh sieves, soybean active albumen can be;
Before the HTHP carrying out step (4) extrudes process, in soybean skin powder, add mass percent be respectively the sodium alginate of 0.2% and the NaCl of 2%.
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| CN1463981A (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2003-12-31 | 上海生远食品科技有限公司 | Soybean segregative scleroprotein clean production method |
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