CN103766452A - Selenium-rich cookie containing kudzuvine roots and lentinus edodes and preparation method - Google Patents
Selenium-rich cookie containing kudzuvine roots and lentinus edodes and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a selenium-rich cookie containing kudzuvine roots and lentinus edodes and a preparation method. The cookie comprises following components in a certain proportion: L-selenium-methylselenocysteine, active dry yeast powder, kudzuvine root powder, lentinus edodes stem powder and flour. The preparation method comprises the steps as follows: 1), taking kudzuvine roots and lentinus edodes for washing and smashing; 2), weighing raw materials, vegetable oil, butter, eggs, xylitol and sodium bicarbonate; 3), uniformly mixing the weighed kudzuvine root powder and lentinus edodes stem powder, and spraying the mixture by a cellulose solution into mixed powder for enzymolysis; 4), adding the active dry yeast powder and the flour into the kudzuvine root powder and lentinus edodes stem powder after enzymolysis, and performing fermentation; and 5), uniformly mixing the weighed L-selenium-methylselenocysteine, vegetable oil, butter, eggs, xylitol and sodium bicarbonate with the fermented kudzuvine root powder, lentinus edodes stem powder and flour for tablet modeling, and obtaining the selenium-rich cookie containing kudzuvine roots and lentinus edodes. According to the invention, the formula is reasonable, the three substances are mutually matched, selenium, puerarin and lentinan are adopted to improve the efficacy of a product, and the immune efficacy is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food processing field, more specifically relate to a kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, also relate to a kind of preparation method of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit simultaneously.
Background technology
Immunity is the defense mechanism of human body self, is human body identification and any foreign matter (virus, bacterium etc.) of eliminating external intrusion; Process the ability of self cell and identification and processing vivo mutations cell and the virus infected cell of old and feeble, damage, dead, sex change.The destruction of people's living environment, the change of habits and customs etc. unfavorable factor all causes body immunity to occur declining, and the reduction of immunity will cause weakening of body defensive ability/resistance ability, and then causes human body sick, the problems such as malnutrition, cause full spectrum of threats to health.How safe, effective, convenient raising body immunity becomes a urgent problem.
Selenium is the necessary trace element of human body, by strengthening erythrocytic oxygen carrying capacity, promotes the sterilizing ability of macrophage, thereby reaches raising body immunity.L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic is a kind of food enrichment of novel selenium source class, it has Organic Selenium security features, having eliminated toxicity and the stomach of chemical selenium (as sodium selenite) to human body stimulates, structure is clear and definite simultaneously, stable content, the advantages such as human body metabolism's mechanism is clear, thus make the selenium utilization that can more efficiently, more safely be absorbed by the body.
The root of kudzu vine belongs to pulse family class medicinal and edible plant, its mineral matter that contains needed by human, amino acid, vitamin and Flavonoid substances, and health care is subject to increasing people and payes attention to, and its raising body immunity ability is subject to numerous scholars' research and discussion.Mushroom stems is the leftover bits and pieces of mushroom, often purchased simple pulverization process or sold, and wherein being contained abundant lentinan (LNT), and be a kind of host immune conditioning agent, there is stronger raising immunity ability.China is the root of kudzu vine, Lentnus edodes big country, annual in enormous quantities outlet all over the world, but mainly with raw material form.It is domestic that external procuring activity is reclaimed more, by extracting its effective active composition, makes high added value highly nourishing health care functional product, sails again toward the whole world.
Scientific research shows, L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic, the root of kudzu vine, three kinds of materials of mushroom stems all have the effect that improves immunity of organisms.At home, these three kinds of materials all have higher output, and each single product have also formed scale, still, occur mainly with low value-added form, are not well positioned to meet consumer's consumption health demand.At present, not by these three kinds food safely and effectively, carried out perfect adaptation product together by food processing technology on the market.
Summary of the invention
For meet consumer safety, effectively, demand easily, the object of the invention is to be to provide a kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, formula rationally, the cooperatively interacting of three kinds of materials, selenium, Puerarin, lentinan have promoted product efficacy, have strengthened its immune effect.
Another object of the present invention is the preparation method who has been to provide a kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic, the root of kudzu vine, mushroom stems are made to biscuit by technique, adopt fermentation, low temperature dry method enzymolysis, low temperature to cure technology and effectively combine, effectively avoid high temperature to destroy active component, reduce content of cellulose in raw material, improve taste flavor.
A kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, it is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: raw material comprises L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic, active dry yeast powder, the root of kudzu vine, mushroom stems, flour.
Described active dry yeast powder is specially commercially available Angel active dry yeast powder;
Described mushroom stems powder is specially the mushroom stems (ps: mushroom stems is the handle that mushroom is cut, as long as mushroom stems is dry, two ends are totally adhered to without other foreign material) that mushroom stems adopts Suizhou City mound peak, Hubei Province producer to dispatch from the factory.
A kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, it forms (preferable range) by the raw material of following weight portion:
A kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, it forms (better scope) by the raw material of following weight portion:
A kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, it forms (optimum range) by the raw material of following weight portion:
A kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, it forms (optimum value) by the raw material of following weight portion:
A preparation method for rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, its step is as follows:
1), get the fresh root of kudzu vine, mushroom stems is carried out Ultrasonic Cleaning, ultrasonic power 1500 is to 3000W, ultrasonic time 10, to 20min, adopts superfine communication technique respectively it to be carried out to pulverization process after drying, and crosses 200 to 500 mesh sieves, obtains kudzu-vine root powder and mushroom stems powder.
2), primary raw material kudzu-vine root powder, mushroom stems powder, active dry yeast powder, flour, L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic and batching vegetable oil (soybean oil, vegetable seed wet goods), butter, egg, xylitol and sodium bicarbonate are taken by a certain percentage, for subsequent use.
3), the kudzu-vine root powder taking and mushroom stems powder are mixed, get the cellulase solution of 10U/g to 20U/g, be sprayed in mixed-powder and carry out low temperature dry method enzymolysis, its condition is 20 to 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, enzymolysis time 2h to 5h, enzymolysis humidity 85% to 95%.
4), in through the kudzu-vine root powder of enzymolysis and mushroom stems powder, add the active dry yeast powder and the flour that take, ferment, 20 ℃ to 30 ℃ of fermentation temperatures, fermentation time 2h to 8h.
5), the L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic taking, soybean oil or rapeseed oil (100g/kg to 300g/kg), butter (50g/kg to 150g/kg), egg (125g/kg to 170g/kg), xylitol (30g/kg to 60g/kg) and sodium bicarbonate (4.5g/kg to 7g/kg) are mixed with kudzu-vine root powder, mushroom stems powder, flour by fermentation, compressing tablet moulding, low temperature cures, its condition be 120 ℃ of temperature to 130 ℃, cure time 15min to 50min.Be cooled to 20 ℃ and be packaged to be below rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit.
Described step 2) in biscuit ingredients by weight proportioning be: soybean oil or rapeseed oil 100g/kg to 300g/kg, butter 50g/kg to 150g/kg, egg 125g/kg to 170g/kg, xylitol 30g/kg to 60g/kg, sodium bicarbonate 4.5g/kg to 7g/kg.
Described cellulase is commercially available neutral cellulase (neutral cellulase that Ningxia jade of the He family Bioisystech Co., Ltd produces).
Described vegetable oil is the soybean oils that adopt in this experiment more, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, sesame wet goods in fact, and even salad oil all can.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
1), utilize ultrasonic cleaning technology in cleaning process, to guarantee the integrality of the root of kudzu vine and mushroom stems, can effectively avoid the loss of active material; It is carried out to ultramicro grinding processing, can effectively promote the release of active material;
2), the general hydrolysis temperature of cellulase is 40 to 60 ℃, the present invention adopts low temperature (20 to 40 ℃) dry method enzymolysis, utilizes cellulase to carry out cellulose degradation processing to kudzu-vine root powder and mushroom stems powder, can effectively reduce its content of cellulose, improve reduced sugar, not only can improve its mouthfeel, and can allow active material more effectively discharge, simultaneously, dry method enzymolysis, control water activity, significantly reduce active material and in enzymolysis process, occur to run off and oxidation, reduce its effect;
3), adopt fermentation, utilize yeast to carry out zymotechnique to kudzu-vine root powder, mushroom stems powder, flour, when degraded part macromolecular substances, flavor substance gets a promotion, and produces the small-molecule active substance that human body more easily absorbs;
4), adopt low temperature to cure technology (general stoving temperature be 180 to 195 ℃, the present invention adopts 120 ℃ to 130 ℃), the drawback of avoiding high temperature to cure, can not produce harmful substance because curing, and also maximizes its raw-material active function material of protection;
5) cooperatively interacting of L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic, the root of kudzu vine, three kinds of materials of mushroom, selenium, Puerarin, lentinan improving product improve effect of immunity.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with subordinate list and embodiment, further the present invention will be described, but content of the present invention is not only confined to the following examples.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, it is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Described mushroom stems powder is specially the mushroom stems (ps: mushroom stems is the handle that mushroom is cut, as long as mushroom stems is dry, two ends are totally adhered to without other foreign material) that mushroom stems adopts Suizhou City mound peak, Hubei Province producer to dispatch from the factory.
A preparation method for rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, its step is as follows:
1) get the fresh root of kudzu vine, mushroom stems is carried out Ultrasonic Cleaning, ultrasonic time 10min or 12min or 15min or 18min or 20min, ultrasonic power 1500W or 2800W or 3000W, dry, adopt superfine communication technique to carry out pulverization process to it, final products can pass through 300 mesh sieves.
2) take 150g kudzu-vine root powder, 150g mushroom stems powder, 1g active dry yeast powder (commercially available Angel active dry yeast powder), 200g flour, 60 μ g L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionics, 200g vegetable oil (common commercially available vegetable oil, as soybean oil, vegetable seed wet goods), 100g butter, 170g egg (Fresh Egg shelling is beaten to yolk-egg white and mixed), 50g xylitol, 6g sodium bicarbonate.
3) by a certain percentage kudzu-vine root powder and mushroom stems powder are mixed, with the neutral cellulase solution of 10U/g or 15U/g or 20U/g, being 40 ℃ or 35 ℃ or 30 ℃ or 25 ℃ or 20 ℃ in temperature is to carry out low temperature dry method enzymolysis, enzymolysis time 2h or 2.5h or 3.5h or 4h or 5h by sprinkling under 90% condition with humidity.
4), through adding active dry yeast powder and flour in the kudzu-vine root powder of enzymolysis and mushroom stems powder, be, under the condition of 30 ℃ or 28 ℃ or 26 ℃ or 24 ℃ or 20 ℃, to carry out the standing for fermentation in 2h or 3h or 5h or 6.5h or 8h in temperature.
5) getting L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic, vegetable oil, butter, egg, xylitol and sodium bicarbonate mixes with kudzu-vine root powder, mushroom stems powder, flour by fermentation, compressing tablet moulding as requested, adopt low temperature baking device to toast, 120 ℃ or 125 ℃ or 130 ℃ of temperature, time 50min or 25min or 15min, be cooled to 20 ℃ to be packaged to be rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit after following.
Adopt HPLC, the active component Puerarin in gained biscuit in embodiment 1 is detected, testing conditions is as follows, the results are shown in following table 1:
LGC-1020A, pillar DIONEX C18(4.6*250mm, 5 μ m), flow velocity: 1.0ml/min, detect wavelength: 250nm, column temperature: 25 ℃, mobile phase: methyl alcohol: water=40:60, sample size: 10 μ L.
According to GB5009.93, the selenium in gained biscuit in embodiment 1 is detected, the results are shown in following table 1.
Puerarin, Se content in the rich selenium root of kudzu vine of table 1 mushroom biscuit
Detect sample | Detection of content | Content |
Root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit | Puerarin | 358mg/kg |
Root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit | Selenium | 53μg/kg |
Embodiment 2:
A kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, it is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Parts by weight of raw materials
Described mushroom stems powder is specially the mushroom stems (ps: mushroom stems is the handle that mushroom is cut, as long as mushroom stems is dry, two ends are totally adhered to without other foreign material) that mushroom stems adopts Suizhou City mound peak, Hubei Province producer to dispatch from the factory.
A preparation method for rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, its step is as follows:
1) get the fresh root of kudzu vine, mushroom stems is carried out Ultrasonic Cleaning, ultrasonic time 10min, ultrasonic power 3000W, dry, adopt superfine communication technique it is carried out to pulverization process, final products can pass through 200 mesh sieves.
2) take 120g kudzu-vine root powder, 120g mushroom stems powder, 0.8g active dry yeast powder (commercially available Angel active dry yeast powder), 260g flour, 50 μ g L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionics, 100g soybean oil or rapeseed oil, 50g butter, 125g egg, 30g xylitol, 4.5g sodium bicarbonate.
3) by a certain percentage kudzu-vine root powder and mushroom stems powder are mixed, with the neutral cellulase solution of 10U/g, being 40 ℃ in temperature is to carry out low temperature dry method enzymolysis, enzymolysis time 2h by sprinkling under 85% condition with humidity.
4), through adding active dry yeast powder and flour in the kudzu-vine root powder of enzymolysis and mushroom stems powder, be, under the condition of 24 ℃, to carry out the standing for fermentation in 4.5h in temperature.
5) getting L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic, soybean oil or rapeseed oil, butter, egg, xylitol and sodium bicarbonate mixes with kudzu-vine root powder, mushroom stems powder, flour by fermentation, compressing tablet moulding as requested, adopt low temperature baking device to toast, 120 ℃ of temperature, time 35min, is cooled to 20 ℃ to be packaged to be rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit after following.
Adopt HPLC, the active component Puerarin in gained biscuit in embodiment 1 is detected, testing conditions is as follows, the results are shown in following table 1:
LGC-1020A, pillar DIONEX C18(4.6*250mm, 5 μ m), flow velocity: 1.0ml/min, detect wavelength: 250nm, column temperature: 25 ℃, mobile phase: methyl alcohol: water=40:60, sample size: 10 μ L.
According to GB5009.93, the selenium in gained biscuit in embodiment 1 is detected, the results are shown in following table 2.
Puerarin, Se content in the rich selenium root of kudzu vine of table 2 mushroom biscuit
Detect sample | Detection of content | Content |
Root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit | Puerarin | 416mg/kg |
Root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit | Selenium | 41μg/kg |
Embodiment 3:
A kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, it is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Described mushroom stems powder is specially the mushroom stems (ps: mushroom stems is the handle that mushroom is cut, as long as mushroom stems is dry, two ends are totally adhered to without other foreign material) that mushroom stems adopts Suizhou City mound peak, Hubei Province producer to dispatch from the factory.
A preparation method for rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, its step is as follows:
1) get the fresh root of kudzu vine, mushroom stems is carried out Ultrasonic Cleaning, oven dry, ultrasonic time 20min, ultrasonic power 1500W, adopt superfine communication technique it is carried out to pulverization process, final products can pass through 500 mesh sieves.
2) take 180g kudzu-vine root powder, 180g mushroom stems powder, 1.5g active dry yeast powder (commercially available Angel active dry yeast powder), 180g flour, 80 μ g L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionics, 150g soybean oil or rapeseed oil, 80g butter, 150g egg, 30g xylitol and 4.5g sodium bicarbonate.
3) by a certain percentage kudzu-vine root powder and mushroom stems powder are mixed, with the neutral cellulase solution of 20U/g, being 20 ℃ in temperature is to carry out low temperature dry method enzymolysis, enzymolysis time 5h by sprinkling under 95% condition with humidity.
4) through adding active dry yeast powder and flour in the kudzu-vine root powder of enzymolysis and mushroom stems powder, be under the condition of 20 ℃ in temperature, carry out the standing for fermentation of 6h.
5) getting L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic, vegetable oil (soybean oil or rapeseed oil), butter, egg, xylitol and sodium bicarbonate mixes with kudzu-vine root powder, mushroom stems powder, flour by fermentation, compressing tablet moulding as requested, adopt low temperature baking device to toast, 130 ℃ of temperature, time 15min, is cooled to 20 ℃ to be packaged to be rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit after following.
Adopt HPLC, the active component Puerarin in gained biscuit in embodiment 1 is detected, testing conditions is as follows, the results are shown in following table 1:
LGC-1020A, pillar DIONEX C18(4.6*250mm, 5 μ m), flow velocity: 1.0ml/min, detect wavelength: 250nm, column temperature: 25 ℃, mobile phase: methyl alcohol: water=40:60, sample size: 10 μ L.
According to GB5009.93, the selenium in gained biscuit in embodiment 1 is detected, the results are shown in following table 3.
Puerarin, Se content in the rich selenium root of kudzu vine of table 3 mushroom biscuit
Detect sample | Detection of content | Content |
Root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit | Puerarin | 280mg/kg |
Root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit | Selenium | 69μg/kg |
A kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, it is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Embodiment | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic | 50×10 -6 | 65×10 -6 | 70×10 -6 | 80×10 -6 | 75×10 -6 | 80×10 -6 |
Active dry yeast powder | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
Kudzu-vine root powder | 120 | 130 | 110 | 130 | 100 | 150 |
Mushroom stems powder | 130 | 110 | 110 | 130 | 100 | 140 |
Flour | 260 | 270 | 280 | 250 | 300 | 240 |
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is to be only the example that clearly explanation is done, and the not restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here without also giving exhaustive to all embodiments.And the apparent variation therefore amplified or variation are still within the protection domain in the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit, it is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Parts by weight of raw materials
L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic 40 × 10
-6-100 × 10
-6
Active dry yeast powder 0.5-2
Kudzu-vine root powder 80-200
Mushroom stems powder 80-200
Flour 150-400.
2. the rich selenium root of kudzu vine of one according to claim 1 mushroom biscuit, is characterized in that:
Parts by weight of raw materials
L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic 50 × 10
-6-90 × 10
-6
Active dry yeast powder 0.7-1.8
Kudzu-vine root powder 90-190
Mushroom stems powder 90-190
Flour 180-380.
3. the rich selenium root of kudzu vine of one according to claim 1 mushroom biscuit, is characterized in that:
Parts by weight of raw materials
L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic 60 × 10
-6-80 × 10
-6
Active dry yeast powder 0.9-1.7
Kudzu-vine root powder 100-170
Mushroom stems powder 110-160
Flour 260-370.
4. the rich selenium root of kudzu vine of one according to claim 1 mushroom biscuit, is characterized in that:
Parts by weight of raw materials
L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic 65 × 10
-6-85 × 10
-6
Active dry yeast powder 1-1.5
Kudzu-vine root powder 140-160
Mushroom stems powder 130-150
Flour 220-310.
5. the rich selenium root of kudzu vine of one according to claim 1 mushroom biscuit, is characterized in that:
Parts by weight of raw materials
L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic 80 × 10
-6
Active dry yeast powder 1.1
Kudzu-vine root powder 150
Mushroom stems powder 140
Flour 240.
6. the rich selenium root of kudzu vine of one according to claim 1 mushroom biscuit, is characterized in that:
Parts by weight of raw materials
L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic 60 × 10
-6
Active dry yeast powder 1.0
Kudzu-vine root powder 150
Mushroom stems powder 150
Flour 200.
7. the rich selenium root of kudzu vine of one according to claim 1 mushroom biscuit, is characterized in that:
Parts by weight of raw materials
L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic 50 × 10
-6
Active dry yeast powder 0.8
Kudzu-vine root powder 120
Mushroom stems powder 120
Flour 260.
8. the rich selenium root of kudzu vine of one according to claim 1 mushroom biscuit, is characterized in that:
Parts by weight of raw materials
L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic 80 × 10
-6
Active dry yeast powder 1.5
Kudzu-vine root powder 180
Mushroom stems powder 180
Flour 180.
9. the preparation method of a kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit claimed in claim 1, the steps include:
1), get the fresh root of kudzu vine, mushroom stems is carried out Ultrasonic Cleaning, ultrasonic power 1500 is to 3000W, ultrasonic time 10, to 20min, adopts superfine communication technique respectively it to be carried out to pulverization process after drying, and crosses 200 to 500 mesh sieves, obtains kudzu-vine root powder and mushroom stems powder;
2), kudzu-vine root powder, mushroom stems powder, active dry yeast powder, flour, L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic and batching vegetable oil, butter, egg, xylitol and sodium bicarbonate are taken by a certain percentage, for subsequent use;
3), the kudzu-vine root powder taking and mushroom stems powder are mixed, by the cellulase solution of 10U/g to 20U/g, be sprayed in mixed-powder and carry out low temperature dry method enzymolysis, its condition is 20 to 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, enzymolysis time 2h to 5h, enzymolysis humidity 85% to 95%;
4), in through the kudzu-vine root powder of enzymolysis and mushroom stems powder, add the active dry yeast powder and the flour that take, ferment, 20 ℃ to 30 ℃ of fermentation temperatures, fermentation time 2h to 8h;
5), the L-selenium-methyl selenium substituted aminothiopropionic, vegetable oil, butter, egg, xylitol and the sodium bicarbonate that take are mixed with kudzu-vine root powder, mushroom stems powder, flour by fermentation, compressing tablet moulding, low temperature cures, its condition is 120 ℃ to 130 ℃ of temperature, cure time 15min to 50min, be cooled to 20 ℃ and be packaged to be below rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit.
10. the preparation method of a kind of rich selenium root of kudzu vine mushroom biscuit according to claim 9, is characterized in that: the weight portion of the described batching taking is: vegetable oil 100 g/kg to 300 g/kg, butter 50 g/kg to 150 g/kg, egg 125 g/kg to 170 g/kg, xylitol 30 g/kg to 60 g/kg, sodium bicarbonate 4.5 g/kg to 7 g/kg.
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