CN103763015B - It is a kind of to have transmission antenna system of selection in the multiple antennas junction network of direct connected link - Google Patents
It is a kind of to have transmission antenna system of selection in the multiple antennas junction network of direct connected link Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of to have transmission antenna system of selection in the multiple antennas junction network of direct connected link, the method is that sending node obtains system maximum diversity gain according to the adaptively selected transmitting antenna of direct connected link channel quality information feedback, mainly including step：Receiving node is estimated direct connected link signal to noise ratio and is compared with Demodulation Systems thresholding according to the pilot signal of sending node first, if above demodulation threshold, sending node maximizes criterion and chooses transmitting antenna and receiving node direct communication according to direct connected link signal to noise ratio, and via node is not involved in forwarding；Otherwise sending node maximizes criterion and chooses transmitting antenna according to repeated link signal to noise ratio, is communicated with receiving node by the forwarding of via node.Compared with traditional relaying is fixed and participates in retransmission method, this method can reasonable employment relaying, effectively using channel resource, improve system spectrum utilization rate and implementation complexity be low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is for the emitting antenna selecting problem for having sending node in the multiple antennas relay system of direct connected link, design
A kind of emitting antenna selecting of new sending node (Transmit Antenna Selection, TAS) method, specifically one
The method for optimizing emitting antenna selecting using channel estimation and feedback of the information is planted, belongs to multi-antenna technology in wireless communication system
Field.
Background technology
Multi-antenna technology is acknowledged as one of essential technical scheme of following high speed wireless data access network.It is original
Spatial Dimension is increased on the three dimensional resource of time domain, frequency spectrum and code domain, by advanced signal processing technology, can not increased
On the basis of bandwidth, with the handling capacity for significantly improving communication system, expand communication coverage, improve the reliability of data transfer
Property, enhancing frequency spectrum effectiveness and reduce the advantage such as power consumption.In multi-antenna technology, emitting antenna selecting/maximum-ratio combing
Reception scheme (Transmit Antenna Selection with Maximal-Ratio Combining, TAS/MRC) can
Full diversity gains are realized with less expense and relatively low complexity, increasing concern is therefore suffered from.In traditional point
To in a multiaerial system, every antenna of sending node pilot signal transmitted successively, receiving node is estimated using the pilot tone for receiving
Each transmitting antenna channel link qualities are counted out, sending node need to only select an optimal hair according to the feedback of the information of receiving node
Antenna is penetrated to be communicated with receiving node.But in the multiple antennas relay system for having direct connected link, the transmitting antenna of sending node
Selection influences the link-quality of direct connected link and repeated link simultaneously, can maximize the transmitting antenna of direct connected link received signal to noise ratio
It is probably non-optimal transmitting antenna for repeated link, on the contrary, the hair of repeated link received signal to noise ratio can be maximized
It is also likely to be non-optimal for direct connected link to penetrate antenna.So how in the multiple antennas junction network for having direct connected link
The transmitting antenna of sending node is selected, obtaining more system diversity gain with relatively low implementation complexity turns into what people studied
Focus.
At present, the emitting antenna selecting method on the multiple antennas relay system for having direct connected link mainly has following two：
First method is target to maximize system received signal to noise ratio, is referred to as optimal antenna system of selection (TAS-
), Optimal key step：Via node (R) antenna broadcast pilot successively first, receiving node (D) is according to pilot signal
Estimate the link-quality per strip antenna and feed back to via node by optimal transmitting antenna sequence number is relayed.Then sending node (S)
Antenna broadcasts training sequence successively, and via node forwards the training signal for receiving, receiving node to collect using optimal transmitting antenna
After training signal from direct connected link and repeated link, system is relayed according to amplification forwarding (Amplify-and-Forward, AF)
The instantaneous end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio computation formula of system to every transmitting antenna, estimate end to end by signal to noise ratio, compares and is most preferably sent out
Penetrate antenna serial number and feed back to sending node.
The advantage of this method is can to maximize end-to-end signal to noise ratio so that outage probability (Outage
Probability it is) minimum, obtain system maximum diversity gain NSND+NRmin(NS,ND), NS, NRAnd NDRepresent respectively and send section
The number of antennas of point, via node and receiving node.Semiduplex mode is operated in view of via node, receiving node estimates hair
Send the end-to-end signal to noise ratio of any one transmitting antenna of node to be required for taking two time slots, complete the transmitting antenna of sending node
Selection needs to spend 2NSIndividual time slot, occupancy system bandwidth is more, and expense is big, and implementation complexity is high, and institute is in this way in actual system
In system and it is of little use.Additionally, the method can select the optimal transmitting antenna of sending node for AF relay systems, but not
Suitable for decoding forwarding (Decode-and-Forward, DF) relay system.
Second method respectively with maximize direct connected link received signal to noise ratio and maximize repeated link received signal to noise ratio be
Target is transmitted the emitting antenna selecting of node, key step：Sending node antenna broadcast pilot successively, according to reception
The pilot signal for arriving, via node and receiving node estimate the channel condition information of each link between sending node respectively,
Then the optimal transmitting antenna sequence number of respective link is fed back to sending node by control channel, last sending node selection is direct-connected
The optimal transmitting antenna of link (TAS-SD) or the optimal transmitting antenna of repeated link (TAS-SRD) are communicated with receiving node.
The method is applied to AF and DF relay systems simultaneously.Due to not needing via node forward signal to participate in sending node
Emitting antenna selecting, so selection course only need to take NSIndividual time slot, overhead is small, and implementation complexity is low.But this
Reductions of kind of method complexity but realized with sacrificing multiple antennas relay system diversity gain performance, elected cut-off connected link
When optimal transmitting antenna is communicated, we can only obtain the diversity gain of direct connected link, i.e. NSND, now repeated link first
Jump diversity gain is NR, repeated link diversity gain is NRmin(1,ND)；Letter is sent when the optimal transmitting antenna of repeated link is chosen
During breath, we can only obtain the diversity gain of repeated link, i.e. NRmin(NS,ND), now direct connected link diversity gain is ND；
Under both of these case, system diversity gain is reduced to N respectivelySND+NRmin(1,ND) and ND+NRmin(NS,ND)。
In both TAS methods, via node can all fix participation forwarding, so system often transmits a symbol needs
Two time slots (via node is operated in time division multiplexing) are taken, the availability of frequency spectrum is low.
The content of the invention
Present invention aim at the deficiency for TAS strategies in existing multiple antennas relay system, it is considered to which system spectrum is utilized
In the case of rate and implementation complexity, it is proposed that a kind of self adaptation TAS strategies that situation is interrupted based on direct connected link, with relatively low
Expense obtains system maximum diversity gain.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of to have transmission antenna system of selection in the multiple antennas junction network of direct connected link, it is comprised the following steps：
(1), sending node S by all transmitting antennas successively to receiving node D and via node R broadcast pilots,
, respectively according to the intensity for receiving pilot signal, it is direct connected link S → D and relaying to select respective link for receiving node and via node
Optimal transmitting antenna the sequence number i and j of sending node end configuration in link S → R；
(2), receiving node D calculates the instantaneous link received signal to noise ratio γ that direct transfersSD：
(3), receiving node D is by γSDWith Demodulation Systems thresholding γthMake comparisons；
If γSD≥γth, direct connected link transmission information is selected, receiving node is selected to sending node and relay node broadcasts
The message of direct connected link is selected, meanwhile, receiving node feeds back the optimal transmitting antenna of direct connected link by control channel to sending node
Sequence number i, sending node selects antenna i to send data by direct connected link；
If γSD＜ γth, then repeated link transmission information is selected, receiving node is to sending node and relay node broadcasts
The message of repeated link is selected, after via node receives message, by control channel by the optimal transmitting antenna sequence number j of repeated link
Sending node is fed back to, sending node selects antenna j to send data by repeated link.
Step (1) of the invention specifically includes：Before sending data, sending node S is by all transmitting antennas successively to connecing
Node D and via node R broadcast pilots are received, receiving node and via node are strong according to the signal for receiving pilot signal respectively
Degree, select the respective optimal transmitting antenna sequence number i and j of link, wherein i represent cause direct connected link S → D in receiving terminal signal to noise ratio most
The sequence number of the transmitting antenna that the sending node of bigization is configured, it is maximum that j represents receiving terminal signal to noise ratio in causing repeated link S → R
The sequence number of the transmitting antenna that the sending node of change is configured, i and j are tried to achieve by following formula respectively
Wherein, p represents the sequence number of the transmitting antenna that sending node is configured, NSRepresent the transmitting day that sending node is configured
The sum of line；
Represent the pth root transmitting antenna configured by sending node end in link S → D
With the vector channel between all antennas of receiving node,1≤p≤NS, 1≤m≤ND, represent pth root hair in link S → D
The channel penetrated between antenna and m root reception antennas, m represents the sequence number of the reception antenna that receiving node is configured, NDExpression connects
Receive the sum of the reception antenna that node is configured；Size represent link S → D
Channel quality during the pth root transmitting antenna of middle sending node end configuration；Expression ask so thatIt is maximum
Transmitting antenna sequence number p as i；
Represent the pth root transmitting antenna configured by sending node end in link S → R
With the vector channel between all via node antennas,1≤p≤NS, 1≤n≤NR, represent pth root hair in link S → R
The channel penetrated between antenna and n-th reception antenna, n represents the sequence number of the reception antenna that via node is configured, NRIn expression
The sum of the reception antenna configured after node；Size represent link S → R
Channel quality during the pth root transmitting antenna of middle sending node end configuration；Expression ask so thatIt is maximum
Transmitting antenna sequence number p as j.
Step (2) of the invention specifically includes：Receiving node D calculates the instantaneous link that direct transfers and receives noise using following formula
Compare γSD：
Wherein PSIt is the transmission power of sending node S, N0It is receiving node noise power,
Step (3) of the invention specifically includes：Receiving node is by γSDWith Demodulation Systems thresholding γthMake comparisons, if γSD
≥γth, then selecting direct connected link, receiving node is to sending node and a bit message that relay node broadcasts content is 1, agreement
Content 1 represents selection direct connected link, and feeds back the optimal transmitting antenna sequence number i of direct connected link to sending node by control channel；
If γSD＜ γth, then repeated link is selected, receiving node broadcasted content is 0 bit message, and agreement content 0 represents choosing
Repeated link is selected, after via node receives message 0, is fed back to the optimal transmitting antenna sequence number j of repeated link by control channel
Sending node.
Also include after step (3) of the invention：(4) the step of, day line options and data transmit the stage：
If receiving the message of selection direct connected link, sending node chooses the optimal transmitting antenna i of direct connected link and receives section
Point is directly communicated, and via node is not involved in forwarding after receiving the message for selecting direct connected link into park mode；
If receiving the message of selection repeated link, sending node chooses the optimal transmitting antenna j of repeated link at first
Gap is communicated with via node, and now receiving node enters park mode, before the second time slot forwarding data, via node institute
The antenna of configuration can successively to receiving node pilot signal transmitted, and receiving node is according to the signal intensity for receiving pilot signal, meter
Calculate the optimal transmitting antenna sequence number l of the repeated link and feed back the optimal transmitting antenna sequence number l to via node,
Wherein q represents the sequence number of the transmitting antenna that via node is configured,Represent chain
Vector channel between the q roots transmitting antenna configured by relay node side in road R → D and all receiving node antennas,1≤q≤NR, 1≤m≤ND, the channel in expression link R → D between q roots transmitting antenna and m root reception antennas；Size represent the q root transmitting antennas of link R → D relay node sides configuration
When channel quality；Expression ask so thatThe sequence number q of maximum transmitting antenna is used as l.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1st, the emitting antenna selecting of sending node only needs to take NSIndividual time slot, overhead is small, and implementation complexity is low.
2nd, sending node can realize system maximum diversity according to the adaptively selected transmitting antenna of receiving node feedback information
Gain, via node is by reasonable employment, and system spectrum utilization rate is high.
3rd, amplification forwarding is general with decoding forward relay system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is multiple antennas relay system model.
Fig. 2 is the emitting antenna selecting method flow diagram of sending node of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the interruption performance figure of difference TAS methods under rayleigh fading channel.
Fig. 4 is the effective transmission speed figure of difference TAS methods under rayleigh fading channel.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in figure 1, research environment of the invention is the multiple antennas relay system for having direct connected link.Assuming that the institute in system
There is channel to be Rayleigh flat fading channel.With sending node, via node, receiving node is respectively configured with as a example by two slave antennas.
Setting sending node transmission power PSWith via node transmission power PRIt is equal, PS=PR=PT, at via node and receiving node
Noise power all be N0.An antenna transmission is chosen in sending node and via node using emitting antenna selecting technology to believe
Number, so as to realize transmitting diversity, via node and receiving node receive signal and realize receiving diversity using maximum-ratio combing technology.
The present invention uses method flow as shown in Figure 2, and the flow is mainly made up of three below essential part：
(1) channel estimation phase：Before sending data, sending node (S) antenna is successively to receiving node (D) and via node
(R) broadcast pilot, receiving node and via node receive pilot signal and assess all transmitting antenna channel qualities, and search for
Respective link optimal transmitting antenna sequence number i and j, wherein i represent the transmitting antenna sequence number for maximizing direct connected link received signal to noise ratio,
J is represented and is caused the maximized transmitting antenna sequence number of via node received signal to noise ratio, and i and j is tried to achieve by following formula respectively
Additionally, receiving node can also estimate the instantaneous received signal to noise ratio γ of direct connected link using pilot signalSD
(2) feedback of the information and broadcast phase：Receiving node will estimate signal to noise ratio γSDWith Demodulation Systems thresholding γthMake comparisons,
If γSD≥γth, then represent and direct transfer link-quality preferably, system requirements can be met, receiving node is to sending node with
After the bit message that node broadcasts content is 1 and by control channel to sending node feeding back antenna sequence number i；Otherwise receive section
Put the bit message that broadcasted content is 0 and inform that direct connected link quality is now poor, via node is by control channel to transmission
Node feeding back antenna serial number j.
(3) day line options and data transmit the stage：If sending node receives message 1, select transmitting antenna i and connect
Receive node directly to be communicated, while via node is transferred to silent mode after receiving message 1, be not involved in forwarding, now system
A symbol can be transmitted in one time slot；If receiving node broadcast message 0, sending node selects transmitting antenna j with relaying
Node is in the first communicated in time slots, via node instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio γSRCan be expressed as
It is now second-rate in view of direct connected link, and if receiving node merges the letter of direct connected link and repeated link
Number can lifting means complexity, it is last only to from repeated link so receiving node is transferred to silent mode in the first time slot
Information carries out maximum-ratio combing.Can be received to receiving node pilot signal transmitted before the second time slot, via node forwarding data
Node estimates every antenna channel quality and feeds back via node optimal transmitting antenna sequence number l, and l is tried to achieve by following formula
The instantaneous reception noise that last trunk node selection antenna l is jumped to receiving node forwarding information, repeated link second
Compare γRDCan be expressed as
For the ease of analysis, the instantaneous received signal to noise ratio γ of repeated linkRelayCan be with approximate expression as γRelay≈min
(γSR,γRD), the end-to-end signal to noise ratio of final system can be expressed as
Outage probability is defined as end-to-end signal to noise ratio less than system lowest demodulation thresholding γth, wherein γth=2R- 1, R are represented
Aims of systems transmission rate.Use the system break probability P of the transmission antenna system of selection of present invention designoutCan be expressed as
Pr () represents the probability of happening of given event.P1Physical significance for repeated link outage probability, Ke Yijin
One step is expressed as
P1=Pr (min (γSR, γRD) ＜ γth)=1-Pr (min (γSR, γRD)≥γth)
=1- (1-Pr (γSR＜ γth))(1-Pr(γRD＜ γth))
=Pr (γSR＜ γth)+Pr(γRD＜ γth)-Pr(γSR＜ γth)Pr(γRD＜ γth)
=FγSR(γth)+FγRD(γth)-FγSR(γth)FγRD(γth)
Wherein
FX() represents the cumulative distribution function of given stochastic variable X.Two formulas above are updated into repeated link to interrupt generally
Rate P1Expression formula, then outage probability P1Can be with approximate representation
WhereinDefined according to system diversity gain, outage probability can be expressed as
Wherein GdRepresent diversity gain, GcCoding gain is represented, o () represents the higher-order shear deformation of the given factor.In contrast
The formula of face two, the diversity gain for being readily obtained repeated link acquisition is NRmin(NS,ND)=4.P2Physical significance be the link that direct transfers
Outage probability, can be further represented as
The diversity gain for being readily obtained the link that direct transfers is NDNS=4, finally may certify that system carries TAS side in the present invention
System maximum diversity gain N is obtained in that under methodDNS+NRmin(NS,ND)=8.
Our solving system effective transmission speed η below, effective transmission speed represents the number of Successful transmissions in the unit interval
According to bag, can be very good to react the channel free degree, the i.e. availability of frequency spectrum.Effective transmission speed can be tried to achieve by following formula
η1Represent effective transmission speed when sending node selection direct connected link communicates with receiving node, η2Represent and send section
Effective transmission speed when point selection repeated link communicates with receiving node.
Simulation result：Setting R=4bps/Hz,Use TAS-
Optimal represents the first TAS method (bibliography：Steven W.Peters,and Robert W.Heath,
“Nonregenerative MIMO relaying with optimal transmit antenna selection,”IEEE
Signal Processing Letters, vol.15, pp.421-424,2008), represented with TAS-SD and TAS-SRD respectively
With direct connected link it is preferential and is two kinds of preferential suboptimum TAS method (bibliography with repeated link：Lei Cao,Xin
Zhang,Yafeng Wang and Dacheng Yang,“Transmit antenna selection strategy in
amplify-and-forward MIMO relaying,”in Proc.IEEE WCNC,Apr.2008).TAS-Proposed generations
The table present invention puies forward TAS methods.
Fig. 3 gives the interruption performance curve of difference TAS methods under the conditions of rayleigh fading channel.Transverse axis represents that system is launched
Signal to noise ratio (Signal-to-Noise Ratio, SNR), the longitudinal axis represents outage probability (Outage Probability).By in figure
It may be seen that the present invention puies forward TAS methods interruption performance when signal to noise ratio is launched more than 16dB starting better than other two kinds times
Excellent TAS methods, interruption performance curve and the first TAS method curve keeping parallelism when transmitting signal to noise ratio is larger, this explanation institute
Strategy diversity gain is proposed more than two kinds of suboptimum TAS strategies, and is obtained in that and the full diversity gains as optimal TAS strategies.
Fig. 4 gives the effective transmission speed of difference TAS methods under the conditions of rayleigh fading channel.Transverse axis represents that system is launched
Signal to noise ratio (SNR), the longitudinal axis represents system effective transmission speed (η).As in figure it may be seen that TAS side designed by the present invention
The effective transmission speed of method is higher than other three kinds of TAS methods, and this advantage is more obvious with signal to noise ratio increase is launched.
When transmitting signal to noise ratio is larger, the effective transmission speed of institute's extracting method of the present invention is other three kinds of twices of TAS methods.
Part that the present invention does not relate to is same as the prior art or can be realized using prior art.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of to have transmission antenna system of selection in the multiple antennas junction network of direct connected link, it is characterised in that it includes following step
Suddenly：
(1), sending node S is received by all transmitting antennas successively to receiving node D and via node R broadcast pilots
, respectively according to the intensity for receiving pilot signal, it is direct connected link S → D and repeated link to select respective link for node and via node
Optimal transmitting antenna the sequence number i and j of sending node end configuration in S → R；
(2), receiving node D calculates the instantaneous link received signal to noise ratio γ that direct transfersSD：
(3), receiving node D is by γSDWith Demodulation Systems thresholding γthMake comparisons；
If γSD≥γth, direct connected link transmission information is selected, receiving node is straight to sending node and relay node broadcasts selection
The message of connected link, meanwhile, receiving node feeds back the optimal transmitting antenna sequence number of direct connected link by control channel to sending node
I, sending node selects antenna i to send data by direct connected link；
If γSD＜ γth, then repeated link transmission information is selected, receiving node is selected to sending node and relay node broadcasts
The message of repeated link, after via node receives message, is fed back the optimal transmitting antenna sequence number j of repeated link by control channel
To sending node, sending node selects antenna j to send data by repeated link.
2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of have transmission antenna system of selection in the multiple antennas junction network of direct connected link, its
It is characterised by that step (1) is specifically included：Before sending data, sending node S by all transmitting antennas successively to receiving node D and
Via node R broadcast pilots, receiving node and via node are respectively according to the signal intensity for receiving pilot signal, and selection is each
From the optimal transmitting antenna sequence number i and j of link, wherein i is represented and is caused the maximized hair of receiving terminal signal to noise ratio in direct connected link S → D
The sequence number of the transmitting antenna that node configured is sent, j is represented and caused the maximized transmission of receiving terminal signal to noise ratio in repeated link S → R
The sequence number of the transmitting antenna that node is configured, i and j are tried to achieve by following formula respectively
Wherein, p represents the sequence number of the transmitting antenna that sending node is configured, NSRepresent the transmitting antenna that sending node is configured
Sum；
Represent the pth root transmitting antenna configured by sending node end in link S → D and connect
The vector channel between all antennas of node is received,1≤p≤NS, 1≤m≤ND, represent pth root transmitting day in link S → D
Channel between line and m root reception antennas, m represents the sequence number of the reception antenna that receiving node is configured, NDRepresent and receive section
The sum of the configured reception antenna of point；Size represent in link S → D and send out
Channel quality during the pth root transmitting antenna for sending node side to configure；Expression ask so thatMaximum hair
The sequence number p of antenna is penetrated as i；
Represent the pth root transmitting antenna and institute configured by sending node end in link S → R
There is the vector channel between via node antenna,1≤p≤NS, 1≤n≤NR, represent pth root transmitting day in link S → R
Channel between line and n-th reception antenna, n represents the sequence number of the reception antenna that via node is configured, NRRepresent relaying section
The sum of the configured reception antenna of point；Size represent in link S → R and send out
Channel quality during the pth root transmitting antenna for sending node side to configure；Expression ask so thatMaximum hair
The sequence number p of antenna is penetrated as j.
3. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of have transmission antenna system of selection in the multiple antennas junction network of direct connected link, its
It is characterised by that step (2) is specifically included：Receiving node D calculates the instantaneous link received signal to noise ratio γ that direct transfers using following formulaSD：
Wherein PSIt is the transmission power of sending node S, N0It is receiving node noise power,
4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of have transmission antenna system of selection in the multiple antennas junction network of direct connected link, its
It is characterised by that step (3) is specifically included：Receiving node is by γSDWith Demodulation Systems thresholding γthMake comparisons, if γSD≥γth, then
Selection direct connected link, receiving node is to sending node and a bit message that relay node broadcasts content is 1, the table of agreement content 1
Show selection direct connected link, and the optimal transmitting antenna sequence number i of direct connected link is fed back to sending node by control channel；If γSD
＜ γth, then repeated link is selected, receiving node broadcasted content is 0 bit message, and agreement content 0 represents selection relaying chain
Road, after via node receives message 0, sending node is fed back to by control channel by the optimal transmitting antenna sequence number j of repeated link.
5. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of have transmission antenna system of selection in the multiple antennas junction network of direct connected link, its
It is characterised by also including after step (3)：(4) the step of, day line options and data transmit the stage：
If receiving the message of selection direct connected link, it is straight with receiving node that sending node chooses the optimal transmitting antenna i of direct connected link
Capable communication is tapped into, via node is not involved in forwarding after receiving the message for selecting direct connected link into park mode；
If receive selection repeated link message, sending node choose the optimal transmitting antenna j of repeated link the first time slot with
Via node is communicated, and now receiving node enters park mode, and before the second time slot forwarding data, via node is configured
Antenna can successively to receiving node pilot signal transmitted, according to the signal intensity for receiving pilot signal, calculating should for receiving node
The optimal transmitting antenna sequence number l of repeated link simultaneously feeds back the optimal transmitting antenna sequence number l to via node,
Wherein q represents the sequence number of the transmitting antenna that via node is configured,Expression link R →
Vector channel between the q roots transmitting antenna configured by relay node side in D and all receiving node antennas,1
≤q≤NR, 1≤m≤ND, the channel in expression link R → D between q roots transmitting antenna and m root reception antennas；Size represent the q root transmitting antennas of link R → D relay node sides configuration
When channel quality；Expression ask so thatThe sequence number q of maximum transmitting antenna is used as l.
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