CN103757165B - A kind of high-iron bauxite blast-furnace smelting has valency constituent element method of comprehensive utilization - Google Patents

A kind of high-iron bauxite blast-furnace smelting has valency constituent element method of comprehensive utilization Download PDF

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CN103757165B
CN103757165B CN201410048304.5A CN201410048304A CN103757165B CN 103757165 B CN103757165 B CN 103757165B CN 201410048304 A CN201410048304 A CN 201410048304A CN 103757165 B CN103757165 B CN 103757165B
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bauxite
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iron bauxite
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柳政根
储满生
唐珏
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Northeastern University China
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Abstract

A kind of high-iron bauxite blast-furnace smelting has valency constituent element method of comprehensive utilization, it is characterized in that high-iron bauxite being prepared into respectively high-iron bauxite agglomerate and high-iron bauxite hot wafering, two kinds of ferrous materials are fully mixed into iron-containing charge, again iron-containing charge, coke are alternately loaded from blast furnace roof successively, carry out blast-furnace smelting, furnace charge is approximately 8 ~ 10 hours from furnace roof to the time generating molten iron and calcium aluminate slag; Controlling molten iron temperature is 1450 ~ 1550 DEG C, and slag temperature is 1550 ~ 1650 DEG C; Then vanadium-bearing hot metal temperature being not less than 1260 DEG C loads converter, carries out converter and blows vanadium smelting, obtain vanadium slag and molten steel; The speed of cooling controlling blast-furnace slag is no more than 6 DEG C/min, when after its cool to room temperature, can obtain the products such as cement, gallium concentrate, aluminium sesquioxide through process such as secondary leaching, desiliconization, carbonation decomposition, calcinings.This method can process the high-iron bauxite of any grade, and the recovery rate of iron, aluminium, vanadium, gallium is high simultaneously, contributes to the high-iron bauxite resource large-scale developing and utilizing rich reserves.

Description

A kind of high-iron bauxite blast-furnace smelting has valency constituent element method of comprehensive utilization
Technical field
The invention belongs to Metallurgical resources technical field of comprehensive utilization, being specifically related to a kind of high-iron bauxite blast-furnace smelting has valency constituent element method of comprehensive utilization.
Background technology
In recent years, economic fast development has promoted growing continuously and fast of China's Iron And Steel Industry, and iron ore resource disparities between supply and demand become increasingly conspicuous.And China's iron ore rich ore is few, lean ore is many, the iron ore deposit of high-quality and Yi Xuan is fewer and feweri, domestic Iron And Steel Industry has to more dependence on import iron ore to meet the demand of large-scale industrial production, to 2012, China more than 60%, adds iron ore price continuous rise year after year to the dependency degree of imported Fe ore, and this brings major hidden danger to the safety of China's Iron And Steel Industry and even whole national economy.Therefore, iron-stone resource is selected in the urgent need to relying on technical progress to develop low-grade complex difficulty to greatest extent.Meanwhile, the import volume of China's bauxite resource mineral products is also increasing year by year in recent years, the import volume of bauxite in 2012 has reached 3,961 ten thousand tons, account for the over half of China's bauxite industrial consumption amount, according to relevant estimation, bauxite resource may become China's Mineral resources next under one's control.
There is a kind of high-iron bauxite in areas such as the Zhangpu, Fujian of China, Penglai, Hainan Province, Taiwan great Tun Shan and Guigangs, Guangxi, being the mutual embedding cloth of a kind of iron aluminium mineral, unmanageable complicated iron aluminium mineral intergrowth, is a kind of important iron ore of China and bauxite resource.According to the data analysis of geology department, its national prospective reserves is more than 1,500,000,000 tons, and only the domestic reserves in Guangxi are just more than 2.0 hundred million tons.For the high-iron bauxite that Guangxi is domestic, this high-iron bauxite is distributed widely in Central Guangxi Nanning to Yulin one Dai Shiyuge counties and cities, and Relatively centralized in Guigang, Binyang, Heng County and neighbouring area, mineralising area is large, and ore body distributes in groups, and reserves are very abundant.Ore body is made up of red clay and bauxite, and mine-containing amount is generally 550 ~ 1500kg/m 3, orebody thickness 1.2 ~ 6.8m, bury shallow, topsoil is generally 0.5 ~ 1.5m, and most ore can realize strip mining transformation.
Ore chemistry composition analysis shows, this high-iron bauxite A1 2o 3content is 22% ~ 37%, average content 27%; Fe 2o 3content is 35% ~ 48%, average content 40%; SiO 2content 4% ~ 13%, average content 9%, is the mineral wealth of utility value.Can find out that from its composition this bauxite belongs to high ferro high-silicon type bauxite, wherein Fe 2o 3and Al 2o 3content all do not reach respective industrial grade requirement, simple traditional method can not produce Al 2o 3or metallic iron product.Meanwhile, the useful component gallium, vanadium etc. of association in high-iron bauxite, wherein gallium content 0.068% ~ 0.081%, V 2o 5content 0.10% ~ 0.16% is all the resources having utility value.Therefore the utilization of high-iron bauxite should be conceived to the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization that it has valency constituent element.
Both at home and abroad carry out for many years for the comprehensive utilizating research of high-iron bauxite.The essence be separated according to its iron aluminium can be divided into: aluminium method after iron processes, first iron after iron aluminium separating method, first aluminium.
Iron aluminium separating method, due to the embedding cloth gummed of Iron In Iron-rich Containing Bauxite aluminium, symbiosis closely, is thus difficult to realize iron aluminium by General Physics beneficiation method and is separated; After first aluminium, iron processes is also called the rear smelting method of first leaching, is first leached by the aluminium stone being easy to leach in ore, then is smelted by rich iron red mud, but the method not only Al 2o 3leaching yield is low, and alkaline consumption is high, simultaneously the adding and remain and bring certain difficulty to the blast furnace ironmaking of iron ore of alkali, and after first aluminium, iron not can solve the exploitation problem of high-iron bauxite.
After first iron, aluminium method mainly refers to fire concentrate iron and aluminium, wherein, and sintering-blast-furnace smelting flow process that the most typically Northeastern University Lee Yin Tai teaches and other unit is developed cooperatively.It can realize the recovery rate of iron aluminium more than 90%, and likely realize large-scale industrial production, but its main drawback is high-iron bauxite sintering difficulty, high-iron bauxite agglomerate reductibility is poor simultaneously, and this blast furnace smelting process heavy dependence coke (coke ratio is not less than 1.3 tons).Therefore, up to the present, these high-iron bauxite research and utilization techniques are showed no industrial applications and enforcement.So this composite factor containing the valuable metal such as iron, aluminium of current high-iron bauxite is still failed to obtain effective exploitation and is utilized.
In recent years, not only sharply increasing of China's iron ore and bauxite import volume, and also price goes up year by year, has eaten up most of profit of metallurgy industry.How effective exploitation utilizes high-iron bauxite resource, alleviates the worsening shortages situation of China's iron ore deposit and bauxite resource, has become an important topic.Therefore, develop a kind of new high-iron bauxite composite technology, for China's Iron And Steel Industry and aluminum i ndustry, all there is important strategic importance.
Summary of the invention
For traditional high-iron bauxite utilize after sintering blast furnace smelt existing for sintering difficulty, simultaneously agglomerate reductibility is poor, the problems such as smelting technology heavy dependence coke (coke ratio is not less than 1.3 tons), the present invention proposes a kind of method that high-iron bauxite blast-furnace smelting has valency constituent element to fully utilize.
The method that the present invention realizes specifically comprises the following steps:
1. by high-iron bauxite, flux, coke powder by the ratio of the mass fraction calculated with specific ingredients principle, namely carry out calculating high-iron bauxite in the ratio of mass fraction: flux: the ratio of coke powder=60 ~ 65:25 ~ 35:6 ~ 12 carries out accurate dosing mixing granulation, the granularity of high-iron bauxite used here is 3-5mm, flux granularity is-0.5mm, the granularity of coke powder is-3.0mm; Recycling sinter machine carries out down draft sintering, then passes through broken, screening, and granularity is that the high-iron bauxite agglomerate of 10-25mm uses as entering stove agglomerate, and the high-iron bauxite agglomerate that granularity is less than 10mm is used as sinter return fine use; In batching, the flux of use is lime, the calcium oxide that namely industrial production is used, and it is effectively fluxed is not less than 70%, and specific ingredients principle is divided into two parts based on the CaO in agglomerate to use, i.e. partial CaO and SiO 2in conjunction with generation 2CaOSiO 2(CaO and SiO 2the ratio of amount be 2.0), another part CaO and Al 2o 3in conjunction with, mainly generate CaOAl 2o 3(CaO and Al 2o 3the ratio of amount be 1.5 ~ 1.9 (more specifically, 1.5 ~ 1.7), such as 12CaO7Al 2o 3), sinter basicity (namely total CaO and SiO 2mass ratio) control between 3.8 ~ 4.2; The high-iron bauxite agglomerate reduction degradation index RDI of preparation + 3.15be not less than 60%.
High-iron bauxite is broken 2., and calculate high-iron bauxite in the ratio of mass fraction: pulverized bituminous coal: the ratio of flux=100:20 ~ 25:10 ~ 15 is prepared burden, then through technological processs such as mixing, heating, briquetting, thermal treatments, obtained high-iron bauxite hot wafering, wherein, the high-iron bauxite granularity after pulverizing is not more than 0.15mm; The granularity of pulverized bituminous coal is not more than 0.15mm, and fixed carbon content is not less than 50%, and volatile content is 20% ~ 35%, and sulphur content is not higher than 0.3%, and plastometer indice is not less than 8; The granularity of flux lime is not more than 0.15mm, is effectively fluxedly not less than 70%; Ultimate compression strength before the high-iron bauxite hot wafering thermal treatment of preparation is not less than 1000N/, after heat treatment ultimate compression strength is not less than 2000N/, and granularity is 20 ~ 40mm, and reduction swellability index is not more than 15%, joining carbon ratio (FC/O) is 0.8 ~ 1.2, CaO and SiO 2the dual alkalinity formed is not more than 1.20.
3. high-iron bauxite agglomerate and high-iron bauxite hot wafering are thoroughly mixed to form iron-containing charge, again iron-containing charge, coke are alternately loaded from blast furnace roof successively, from Blast Furnace Injection 50 ~ 100 ㎏/tHM coal dust, use temperature is 1000 ~ 1300 DEG C, oxygen enrichment percentage is the oxygen-enriched hot air of 1.0% ~ 3.0%, furnace roof loads the coke of 800 ~ 920 ㎏/tHM, carries out blast-furnace smelting.Furnace charge is approximately 8 ~ 10 hours from furnace roof to the time generating molten iron and calcium aluminate slag; Controlling molten iron temperature is 1450 ~ 1550 DEG C, and slag temperature is 1550 ~ 1650 DEG C; Hot metal composition is: Fe content is 94.534% ~ 95.443%, Si content is 0.24% ~ 0.56%, and C content is 3.86% ~ 4.27%, V content is 0.20% ~ 0.25%, other composition trace; Slag chemistry composition is: CaO47% ~ 53%, SiO 211% ~ 15%, Al 2o 327% ~ 33%, MgO2% ~ 4%, all the other compositions are other, and slag dual alkalinity is 3.8 ~ 4.2; In iron-containing charge, the proportioning of high-iron bauxite hot wafering is 10% ~ 40% of iron-containing charge total mass by mass percent;
4. vanadium-bearing hot metal temperature being not less than 1260 DEG C loads converter, carries out converter and blows vanadium smelting, obtain vanadium slag and molten steel.
5. the speed of cooling controlling blast furnace calcium aluminate slag is no more than 6 DEG C/min, when after its cool to room temperature, can obtain the products such as cement, gallium concentrate, aluminium sesquioxide through process such as secondary leaching, desiliconization, carbonation decomposition, calcinings.
The advantage of this invention is: adopt high-iron bauxite hot wafering can process the high-iron bauxite of any grade, hot wafering adopts bituminous coal as reductive agent and binding agent simultaneously, hot pressing temperature is about 500 DEG C, far below 1300 DEG C of sintering, and high-iron bauxite hot wafering rate of reduction is far above high-iron bauxite agglomerate.The present invention, in conjunction with the advantage of high-iron bauxite agglomerate, high-iron bauxite hot wafering and blast-furnace smelting, efficiently solves traditional high-iron bauxite sintering-blast-furnace smelting Problems existing, and the recovery rate of iron, aluminium, vanadium, gallium is high simultaneously.Therefore, the present invention has that recovery rate is high, production intensity is high, less energy consumption, comprehensive utilization of resources, saving coke resource, production cost are low, the features such as industrial scale is large, contribute to the high-iron bauxite resource that China large-scale develops and utilizes rich reserves, have broad application prospects.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, advantage and disadvantage of the present invention can be more clear in the de-scription, but these embodiments are only exemplary in nature, do not form any restriction to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Certain high-iron bauxite TFe content is 34.68%, Al 2o 3content be 23.85%, its chemical composition lists in table 1.
The main chemical compositions of table 1 high-iron bauxite
The ratio (63.17:28.83:8) high-iron bauxite, flux and coke powder calculated in specific ingredients principle accurately joins ore deposit granulation, sintering, fragmentation, screening, obtain high-iron bauxite agglomerate, wherein, CaO in agglomerate is divided into the principle that two parts use, i.e. partial CaO and SiO 2in conjunction with generation 2CaOSiO 2(CaO and SiO 2the ratio of amount of substance be 2.0), another part CaO and Al 2o 3in conjunction with, generate 12CaO7Al 2o 3, sinter basicity is 4.0; Its main chemical compositions lists in table 2.
The main chemical compositions (quality %) of table 2 high-iron bauxite agglomerate
This high-iron bauxite, flux and pulverized bituminous coal, by joining carbon ratio n (FC)/n (O)=1.0 (namely bituminous coal fixes the ratio of carbon amounts and the amount of substance of oxygen in high-iron bauxite ferriferous oxide), ω (CaO)/ω (SiO 2)=1.0, then fully mix, heat, briquetting, the step such as thermal treatment, and obtain high-iron bauxite hot wafering, its main chemical compositions lists in table 3.
The main chemical compositions (quality %) of table 3 high-iron bauxite hot wafering
High-iron bauxite agglomerate in table 2, the high-iron bauxite hot wafering, coke, coal dust etc. in table 3 are carried out blast-furnace smelting, and tap to tap time is 10 hours, obtains pig iron containing vanadium and calcium aluminate slag.Wherein in iron-containing charge, the ratio of high-iron bauxite hot wafering is 10%, and hot blast temperature is 1150 DEG C, and oxygen enrichment percentage is 1%.Its material balance and energy balance list in table 4, table 5 respectively.
Blast-furnace smelting material balance when table 4 high-iron bauxite hot wafering is 10%
Blast-furnace smelting energy balance when table 5 high-iron bauxite hot wafering is 10%
When to account for iron-containing charge mass ratio be 10% to high-iron bauxite hot wafering, the vanadium-bearing hot metal that blast-furnace smelting obtains and calcium aluminate slag composition are respectively as shown in table 6, table 7.
Blast-furnace smelting vanadium-bearing hot metal main chemical compositions when table 6 high-iron bauxite hot wafering is 10%
The main chemical compositions of blast-furnace smelting calcium aluminate slag when table 7 high-iron bauxite hot wafering is 10%
Vanadium smelting is blown in the further converter of vanadium-bearing hot metal can obtain about 15 ㎏ vanadium slags (containing the V of vanadium 20% 2o 5) and 1100 ㎏ steel ingots; Calcium aluminate slag is by controlled cooling model, and the process such as secondary leaching, desiliconization, manufacture of cement, carbonation decomposition, calcining can obtain the products such as about 60 ㎏ cement, 0.5 ㎏ gallium concentrate, 800 ㎏ aluminium sesquioxides.Therefore, the ton iron energy consumption of this technique is 936 ㎏ coke, and 100 ㎏ coal dusts, obtain the said products simultaneously.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the crude fuel condition such as high-iron bauxite agglomerate, high-iron bauxite hot wafering, coke, coal dust in embodiment 1, the ratio of high-iron bauxite hot wafering is brought up to 20% by 10%, hot blast temperature is 1150 DEG C, oxygen enrichment percentage is 1%, tap to tap time about shortens to 9.2 hours, and its material balance and energy balance are respectively as shown in table 8, table 9.
Blast-furnace smelting material balance when table 8 high-iron bauxite hot wafering is 20%
Blast-furnace smelting energy balance when table 9 high-iron bauxite hot wafering is 20%
Vanadium smelting is blown in the further converter of vanadium-bearing hot metal can obtain about 14.5 ㎏ vanadium slags (containing the V of vanadium 20% 2o 5) and 1100 ㎏ steel ingots; Calcium aluminate slag is by controlled cooling model, and the process such as secondary leaching, desiliconization, manufacture of cement, carbonation decomposition, calcining can obtain the products such as about 56 ㎏ cement, 0.45 ㎏ gallium concentrate, 820 ㎏ aluminium sesquioxides.Therefore, the ton iron energy consumption of this technique is 904.80 ㎏ coke, 100 ㎏ coal dusts, significantly reduces coke ratio about 30 ㎏ than embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Adopt the crude fuel condition such as high-iron bauxite agglomerate, high-iron bauxite hot wafering, coke, coal dust in embodiment 1, the ratio of high-iron bauxite hot wafering is brought up to 30% by 10%, hot blast temperature is 1150 DEG C, oxygen enrichment percentage is 1%, tap to tap time about reduces to 8.5 hours, and its material balance and energy balance are respectively as shown in table 10, table 11.
Blast-furnace smelting material balance when table 10 high-iron bauxite hot wafering is 30%
Blast-furnace smelting energy balance when table 11 high-iron bauxite hot wafering is 30%
Vanadium smelting is blown in the further converter of vanadium-bearing hot metal can obtain about 14.0 ㎏ vanadium slags (containing the V of vanadium 20% 2o 5) and steel ingot; Calcium aluminate slag is by controlled cooling model, and the process such as secondary leaching, desiliconization, carbonation decomposition, calcining can obtain the products such as about 54 ㎏ cement, 0.42 ㎏ gallium concentrate, 840 ㎏ aluminium sesquioxides.Therefore, the ton iron energy consumption of this technique is 878.80 ㎏ coke, 100 ㎏ coal dusts, significantly reduces coke ratio about 25 ㎏ than embodiment 2.
To sum up described in 3 embodiments, high-iron bauxite sintering-blast furnace smelting process Problems existing is successfully solved with present invention process, significantly reduce high-iron bauxite agglomerate and coke energy consumption, energy consumption significantly reduces simultaneously, accelerate smelting speed, add output, save a large amount of production costs.

Claims (3)

1. high-iron bauxite blast-furnace smelting has a valency constituent element method of comprehensive utilization, it is characterized in that realized method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) coke powder that be 3-5mm high-iron bauxite by granularity, granularity is the flux of-0.5mm, granularity is-3.0mm carries out accurate dosing mixing granulation in the ratio of ratio 60 ~ 65:25 ~ 35:6 ~ 12 of the mass fraction calculated with specific ingredients principle, recycling sinter machine carries out down draft sintering, then through broken, screening, granularity is that the high-iron bauxite agglomerate of 10-25mm uses as entering stove agglomerate; In batching, the effectively fluxed of flux is not less than 70%, CaO and SiO that agglomerate is total 2mass ratio control between 3.8 ~ 4.2; The high-iron bauxite agglomerate reduction degradation index RDI of preparation + 3.15be not less than 60%;
(2) high-iron bauxite is broken, and in the ratio high-iron bauxite of mass fraction: pulverized bituminous coal: the ratio of flux=100:20 ~ 25:10 ~ 15 is prepared burden, then through mixing, heating, briquetting and heat treatment process, obtained high-iron bauxite hot wafering, wherein, the high-iron bauxite granularity after pulverizing is not more than 0.15mm; The granularity of pulverized bituminous coal is not more than 0.15mm, and fixed carbon content is not less than 50%, and volatile content is 20% ~ 35%, and sulphur content is not higher than 0.3%, and plastometer indice is not less than 8; Flux granularity is not more than 0.15mm, is effectively fluxedly not less than 70%; Ultimate compression strength before the high-iron bauxite hot wafering thermal treatment of preparation is not less than 1000N/, and after heat treatment ultimate compression strength is not less than 2000N/, and granularity is 20 ~ 40mm, and reduction swellability index is not more than 15%, and joining carbon ratio FC/O is 0.8 ~ 1.2, CaO and SiO 2the dual alkalinity formed is not more than 1.20;
(3) high-iron bauxite agglomerate and high-iron bauxite hot wafering are fully mixed into iron-containing charge, again iron-containing charge, coke are alternately loaded from blast furnace roof successively, from Blast Furnace Injection 50 ~ 100kg/tHM coal dust, use temperature is 1000 ~ 1300 DEG C, oxygen enrichment percentage is the oxygen-enriched hot air of 1.0% ~ 3.0%, furnace roof loads the coke of 800 ~ 920kg/tHM, carry out blast-furnace smelting, furnace charge is 8 ~ 10 hours from furnace roof to the time generating molten iron and calcium aluminate slag; Controlling molten iron temperature is 1450 ~ 1550 DEG C, and slag temperature is 1550 ~ 1650 DEG C; Hot metal composition is: Fe content is 94.534% ~ 95.443%, Si content is 0.24% ~ 0.56%, and C content is 3.86% ~ 4.27%, V content is 0.20% ~ 0.25%, other composition trace; Slag chemistry composition is: CaO 47% ~ 53%, SiO 211% ~ 15%, Al 2o 327% ~ 33%, MgO 2% ~ 4%, all the other compositions are other, and slag dual alkalinity is 3.8 ~ 4.2; In iron-containing charge, the proportioning of high-iron bauxite hot wafering is 10% ~ 40% of iron-containing charge total mass by mass percent;
(4) vanadium-bearing hot metal temperature being not less than 1260 DEG C loads converter, carries out converter and blows vanadium smelting, obtain vanadium slag and molten steel;
(5) speed of cooling controlling blast furnace calcium aluminate slag is no more than 6 DEG C/min, when after its cool to room temperature, can obtain cement, gallium concentrate and aluminium sesquioxide product through secondary leaching, desiliconization, carbonation decomposition and calcination processing.
2. high-iron bauxite blast-furnace smelting according to claim 1 has valency constituent element method of comprehensive utilization, it is characterized in that, described high-iron bauxite blast-furnace smelting has the flux used in valency constituent element method of comprehensive utilization to be commercial lime.
3. high-iron bauxite blast-furnace smelting according to claim 1 has valency constituent element method of comprehensive utilization, it is characterized in that, described high-iron bauxite blast-furnace smelting have the specific ingredients principle described in valency constituent element method of comprehensive utilization refer to based on the CaO in agglomerate be divided into two part use, that is, partial CaO and SiO 2in conjunction with generation 2CaOSiO 2, wherein, CaO and SiO 2the ratio of amount be 2.0, another part CaO and Al 2o 3in conjunction with, generate CaOAl 2o 3, wherein, CaO and Al 2o 3the ratio of amount be 1.5 ~ 1.9.
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