CN103742361B

CN103742361B - Yaw system and wind-driven generator set

Info

Publication number: CN103742361B
Application number: CN201310744863.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 易小刚
Original assignee: Sany Heavy Energy Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sany Renewable Energy Co Ltd
Priority date: 2013-12-30
Filing date: 2013-12-30
Publication date: 2017-04-26
Anticipated expiration: 2033-12-30
Also published as: CN103742361A

Abstract

The invention discloses a yaw system and a wind-driven generator set. The yaw system comprises a yaw bearing and a yaw driving mechanism. The yaw driving mechanism comprises an oil cylinder and a gear; one of the inner ring and the outer ring of the yaw bearing is provided with a gear ring, and the gear is fixedly mounted on the other of the inner ring and the outer ring of the yaw bearing and engaged with the gear ring; the first end of the oil cylinder is rotatably connected to the eccentric position on one side of the gear, and the second end of the oil cylinder is rotatably connected with the other of the inner ring and the outer ring of the yaw bearing. The yaw system effectively reduces the number of parts and the structural complexity, the integral weight and the manufacturing cost, easily achieves stability during the yawing process and can omit an opposing torque providing device and a yaw brake device to avoid waste of energy.

Description

Yaw system and wind power generating set

Technical field

The present invention relates to fan yaw technical field, more particularly to a kind of yaw system and wind power generating set.

Background technology

Wind power generating set（Abbreviation blower fan）It is the device for converting wind energy into electric energy, wind power generating set is generally by leaf The part such as wheel, drive system, electromotor, yaw system and pitch-controlled system constitutes.Wherein, yaw system is primarily to reply wind To the impact that uncertainty is caused, specifically, under usual situation, when impeller Plane of rotation and airflow direction（Wind direction）Vertically When, the wind energy that blower fan can be obtained is maximum, but wind direction changes often, when impeller Plane of rotation and wind direction are in non-vertical position When, need to by yaw system make impeller Plane of rotation perpendicular to（Alignment）Wind direction.

Numbering is that the Chinese patent literature of CN201320004154 discloses a kind of existing typical yaw system, and this is inclined Boat system mainly includes yaw, 3 yaw motors, 1 driftage hydraulic motor and driftage brake gear, wherein, yaw axis The outer ring held is fixed with pylon, and inner ring is fixed with cabin, and outer ring is provided with external toothing, 3 yaw motors and 1 driftage hydraulic pressure horse Up to being mounted in cabin, and the outfan of 3 yaw motors and 1 driftage hydraulic motor is by reducer gear and driftage The external toothing of bearing outer ring is meshed, go off course brake gear include with yaw outer ring fix driftage drag friction disk and The driftage brake actuator fixed with yaw inner ring.

In the course of the work, when needing driftage to wind, 3 yaw motors provide normal torque, 1 driftage hydraulic motor Opposing torque is provided（Play drag effect）, under original state, the torque of hydraulic motor of going off course is less than the power of 3 yaw motors Square, driftage brake actuator with go off course drag friction disk separate, when blower fan will rotate into the impeller surfaces of revolution it is vertical with wind direction when, It is consistent that the torque of three yaw motors progressivelyes reach balance with the torque size of driftage hydraulic motor, while driftage brake actuator Start contact and carry out friction operation with driftage drag friction disk, can be by by controlling the braking effect of brake actuator braking clamp The rotary speed of decrescence few driftage, until driftage is to wind end-of-job.

In such scheme, using the driftage hydraulic motor and the multiple yaw motors for providing normal torque that provide opposing torque It is engaged, and driftage brake is realized using driftage brake actuator auxiliary, can so makes During yaw more steady.However, Parts needed for this scheme are more, complex structure, increased main screw lift and cost；In addition, driftage hydraulic motor is provided Opposing torque, needs to realize brake by friction at the end of driftage, so causes the waste of energy；In addition, driftage brake dress Frequent movement is put, related components need to change often, so also increasing the later stage while whole machine manufacturing cost is increased makes Maintenance cost.

Therefore, how to be improved for existing above-mentioned not enough and defect, more to adapt to the needs of Wind Power Development, It is those skilled in the art's technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.

The content of the invention

In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of yaw system, effectively to reduce the knot of yaw system Structure complexity and manufacturing cost, effectively improve capacity usage ratio and maintainability, and contribute to realizing the stationarity of During yaw.

Specifically, the yaw system includes yaw and yaw drive mechanism, and the yaw drive mechanism includes oil Cylinder and gear, wherein：Gear ring, the installation site of the gear are provided with one of the inner ring of the yaw and outer ring Fixed with the other of the inner ring of the yaw and outer ring, the gear is meshed with the gear ring, the oil cylinder First end is rotatably connected with the eccentric position of the gear side, the second end of the oil cylinder and the inner ring of the yaw It is rotatably connected with the other of outer ring.

Further, the yaw drive mechanism is multiple.

Further, each gear being arranged circumferentially along the gear ring of the plurality of yaw drive mechanism.

Further, in arbitrary yaw drive mechanism, the first end junction point of the oil cylinder and the rotation of the gear Plane residing for axis and the angle between the telescopic direction of oil cylinder are to drive angle, the driving angle of at least one yaw drive mechanism It is different from the driving angle of other yaw drive mechanisms.

Further, the yaw drive mechanism also includes crank, the side of the first end of the crank and the gear Fixed, the second end and the first end of the oil cylinder of the crank are rotatably connected.

Further, the yaw system also includes hydraulic circuit, and the hydraulic circuit includes fuel tank, oil pump and commutation Valve, the inlet port of the oil pump is connected to fuel tank, and the oil-out of the oil pump is connected to the oil-in of the reversal valve, the reversal valve Oil return opening be connected to fuel tank, first actuator port and the second actuator port of the reversal valve be connected to respectively the oil cylinder without bar Chamber and rod chamber.

Further, balanced valve or hydraulic lock are provided with the oil circuit between the reversal valve and the oil cylinder.

Further, the reversal valve is proportioning valve, and the yaw system also includes controller, and the controller is used for The reversal valve is controlled when needing driftage to wind in opening, and is controlled at the reversal valve when driftage is completed to wind In closed mode.

Further, it is arranged at intervals with the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch on the cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder, described One proximity switch and second proximity switch are respectively when above-mentioned oil cylinder is in the first retracted position and during the second retracted position Information is sent to the controller, the controller is additionally operable to be sent out according to first proximity switch and second proximity switch The information sent controls the reversal valve commutation；Or, rotary encoder, the control are provided with the gear or the gear ring Device processed is additionally operable to control the reversal valve commutation according to the output information of the rotary encoder.

Another object of the present invention is to a kind of wind power generating set is provided, to reduce the manufacturing cost and Maintenance Difficulty of whole machine Degree, and energy-conserving and environment-protective and corresponding driftage effect can be reached.

Specifically, the wind power generating set includes pylon and cabin, also including the yaw system described in any of the above-described, One of the inner ring of the pylon and the yaw and outer ring are fixed, the inner ring of the cabin and the yaw and The other of outer ring is fixed.

During using yaw system of the invention, when needing driftage to wind, oil cylinder can be made to make stretching motion, drive oil cylinder Pinion rotation, and then the outer ring of yaw is made relative to inner ring（Cabin is relative to pylon）Rotate, when impeller Plane of rotation hangs down It is straight in（Alignment）During wind direction, make oil cylinder terminate driftage by stopping stretching motion and wind is worked.It follows that with prior art phase Than the yaw system of the present invention mainly includes oil cylinder and gear etc., effectively reduces amount of parts, simple and reliable for structure, has Effect reduces main screw lift and manufacturing cost；In addition, in the present invention, the beginning and end to wind work of going off course only is needed by dividing Other control cylinder makees stretching motion and stops stretching motion, it is easy to accomplish stationarity of the driftage to wind process, can not The opposing torque offer device and driftage brake gear of drag effect are played with setting such that it is able to improve capacity usage ratio, subtract The waste of few energy；Further, since whole machine cost can be reduced without arranging driftage brake gear, and it is easy to safeguard.

In a kind of optional scheme, yaw drive mechanism is multiple, so can further improve driftage to wind process Stationarity and reliability.

In a kind of optional scheme, yaw drive mechanism is for multiple, and the driving angle of at least one yaw drive mechanism It is different from the driving angle of other yaw drive mechanisms, can so avoid each oil cylinder simultaneously in dead-centre position is driven, make partially Boat is to wind process more continuous and stable.

In a kind of optional scheme, yaw system also includes hydraulic circuit, so by commutating in control hydraulic circuit The working condition of valve is capable of achieving the control of oil cylinder retracted position.

In a kind of optional scheme, balanced valve or hydraulic lock are provided with the oil circuit between reversal valve and oil cylinder, this Sample can realize locking of the oil cylinder under arbitrary retracted position such that it is able to realize that driftage is carried out to the steady reliability of wind process.

The wind power generating set of the present invention has above-mentioned yaw system, it is thus possible to reduce the manufacturing cost and dimension of whole machine Shield difficulty, and more energy-conserving and environment-protective and corresponding driftage effect can be reached.

Description of the drawings

The accompanying drawing for constituting the part of the present invention is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, the schematic reality of the present invention Apply example and its illustrate, for explaining the present invention, not constituting inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：

Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of yaw system that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided；

Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of yaw system that the embodiment of the present invention two is provided；

Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of the hydraulic circuit of yaw system shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

Main element symbol description in figure：

1 yaw

2 gears

3 cranks

4 oil cylinders

5 gear rings

6 first proximity switches

7 second proximity switches

8 first balanced valves

9 second balanced valves

11 outer rings

12 inner rings

13 reversal valves

14 oil pumps

21 gear shafts

41 cylinder barrels

42 piston rods

43 second hinges

44 first hinges

Specific embodiment

It should be pointed out that to the description of concrete structure and description order be only the explanation to specific embodiment in this part, no Should be regarded as having any restriction effect to protection scope of the present invention.Additionally, embodiment in the case of not conflicting, in this part And the feature in embodiment can be mutually combined.

Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 is refer to, the embodiment of the present invention is elaborated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

With reference to shown in Fig. 1, the yaw system of embodiment one includes yaw 1 and yaw drive mechanism, driving machine of going off course Structure further includes gear 2, crank 3, oil cylinder 4.

Wherein, it is provided with gear ring 5 on the outer ring 11 of yaw 1（Gear ring 5 is external toothing in Fig. 1）, the installation position of gear 2 Put and fixed with the inner ring 12 of yaw 1, and gear 2 is meshed with gear ring 5, the first end of crank 3 is consolidated with the side of gear 2 Fixed, the second end and the first end of oil cylinder 4 of crank 3 are rotatably connected, and the second end of oil cylinder 4 can with the inner ring 12 of yaw 1 Rotate connection.As shown in figure 1, in the present embodiment, yaw drive mechanism is four, and four teeth of four yaw drive mechanisms Wheel 2 is provided at circumferentially spaced along the outer of gear ring 5.

In specific implementation process, the outer ring 11 of yaw 1 can be with pylon（Not shown in figure）Top fix, partially The inner ring 12 of boat bearing 1 can be with cabin（Not shown in figure）Bottom fix；Gear 2 can be by its gear shaft 21 rotationally The bottom of cabin is fixedly installed in, the first end of crank 3 can be fixed with the gear shaft 21 of the side of gear 2, the second end of crank 3 Can be with the external part of the piston rod 42 of oil cylinder 4（As the first end of oil cylinder 4）It is hinged（Corresponding to the first hinge 44）, oil cylinder 4 The end of cylinder barrel 41（As the second end of oil cylinder 4）Can be hinged with the inner ring 12 of yaw 1（Corresponding to the second hinge 43）.

For the ease of being controlled to the retracted position of each oil cylinder 4, yaw system can also include following preferred hydraulic pressure Loop, as shown in figure 3, the hydraulic circuit includes hydraulic oil container（Illustrate in figure but do not mark）, oil pump 14, reversal valve 13, first The balanced valve 9 of balanced valve 8 and second；Reversal valve 13 is preferably three-position four-way valve of the Median Function for Y types, certainly in other situations Under, it is not limited to this；The number of reversal valve 13, the first balanced valve 8 and the second balanced valve 9 is equal with the number of oil cylinder 4, in order to The aspect of description, below only with regard to single oil cylinder 4, single first balanced valve 8, single second balanced valve 9 and single reversal valve 13 Annexation is illustrated.

As shown in figure 3, the line shaft of oil pump 14 is connected with the outfan of electromotor M, the inlet port of oil pump 14（Pass through Filter）Fuel tank is connected to, the oil-out of oil pump 14 is connected to the oil inlet P of reversal valve 13, and the oil return inlet T of reversal valve 13 is connected to oil Case, the first actuator port A and the second actuator port B of reversal valve 13 are connected to respectively the free oil-in and of the first balanced valve 8 The free oil-out of the free oil-in of two balanced valves 9, the free oil-out of the first balanced valve 8 and the second balanced valve 9 connects respectively In the rodless cavity and rod chamber of oil cylinder 4, the control port of the first balanced valve 8 and the control port of the second balanced valve 9 are respectively communicated with In the second actuator port B and the first actuator port A.

In order to clearly show advantages of the present invention, with reference to concrete scene above-described embodiment optimal way is illustrated Operation principle and technique effect.

In the course of the work, in an initial condition, reversal valve 13 is in middle position, and the piston rod of oil cylinder 4 is fixed on a certain position Put, when needing driftage to wind, electromotor M drives oil pump 14 to operate, and can make reversal valve 13 in left position or right position（Reversal valve 13 are in opening）, make oil cylinder 4 make stretching motion, and then oil cylinder 4 is rotated with moving gear 2 by crank 3, so that tooth Wheel 2 is rotated together with inner ring 12 relative to the outer ring 11 for being provided with gear ring 5, i.e., rotate relative to pylon equivalent to cabin, works as impeller Plane of rotation perpendicular to（Alignment）During wind direction, reversal valve 13 can be made to be in middle position（Reversal valve 13 is closed）, make oil cylinder 4 Rod chamber and rodless cavity be in oil return state, oil cylinder 4 will be in the presence of the first balanced valve 8 and the second balanced valve 9 Locking state, the i.e. piston rod of oil cylinder 4 will be remained stationary, and can so terminate driftage and wind is worked.

Knowable to above-mentioned analysis, compared with prior art, the yaw system of above-described embodiment mainly includes crank 3, oil cylinder 4 With gear 2 etc., amount of parts is effectively reduced, it is simple and reliable for structure, effectively reduce main screw lift and manufacturing cost；Separately Outward, driftage only needs the working condition by adjusting reversal valve 13 to the beginning and end of wind work（With the flexible fortune of control cylinder 4 It is dynamic）, also locking of the oil cylinder 4 in any telescopic location can be realized by the first balanced valve 8 and the second balanced valve 9（To realize Yaw brake）, driftage can so steadily reliably carried out to wind process, and can be without having arranged the opposite force of drag effect Square offer device and driftage brake gear such that it is able to improve capacity usage ratio, reduce the waste of energy；Further, since can be with Without arranging driftage brake gear, whole machine cost can be reduced, and be easy to safeguard.

It should be noted that in specific implementation process, the yaw system of above-described embodiment can also be using as follows at least A kind of preferred version：

First, each being arranged circumferentially along outer ring of gear 2, so can further improve driftage and wind process is put down Stability and reliability；On this basis, the second hinge 43 of each oil cylinder 4 and inner ring 12 can in the circumference of inner ring 12 uniform cloth Put, so also can further improve stationarity and reliability of the driftage to wind process.

2nd, in arbitrary yaw drive mechanism, the first end junction point of oil cylinder 4（It is the first hinge 44 in embodiment one）With Plane residing for the pivot center of gear 2 and the angle between the telescopic direction of oil cylinder 4 are to drive angle；In order to avoid each oil cylinder 4 simultaneously in dead-centre position is driven, that is, avoid the second hinge 43 in each yaw drive mechanism, the first hinge 44 and gear shaft 21 Axis（That is the pivot center of gear 2）It is simultaneously in the same plane, the driving angle of at least one yaw drive mechanism can be made It is different from the driving angle of other yaw drive mechanisms（Situation as shown in Figure 1）, so, when one of oil cylinder 4 is in driving During dead-centre position, in the presence of other oil cylinders 4, the oil cylinder 4 in dead-centre position is driven can continue motion, i.e., this scheme Driftage can be made to wind process more continuous and stable.

3rd, for the ease of realizing steady control of the driftage to wind process, reversal valve 13 can preferred adoption rate valve, with reference to Shown in Fig. 1, so can pass through reversal valve 13 solenoid DT1 or DT2 electricity condition and it is electric how many to realize reversal valve 13 working state control, for example, when needing driftage to wind, can pass through control DT1 or DT2 TV university is little makes reversal valve 13 it is slow open, at the end of driftage is to wind, can pass through control DT1 or DT2 TV university is little progressively closes off reversal valve 13, Stationarity and seriality of the driftage to wind process can so be effectively improved.

On this basis, yaw system can also include controller, and controller is used for the control when needing driftage to wind and changes Opening is in valve 13, and control reversal valve 13 is closed when driftage is completed to wind.On this basis, may be used With interval setting the first proximity switch 6 on the cylinder barrel 41 of oil cylinder 4 and the second proximity switch 7, the first proximity switch 6 and second connects Nearly switch 7 is respectively used to when oil cylinder 4 is in the first retracted position（When being such as fully retracted）During with the second retracted position（As completely When stretching out）Information, the information control that controller sends always according to the first proximity switch 6 and the second proximity switch 7 are sent to controller Reversal valve processed 13 commutates；Certainly, realizing the mode of the controller control commutation of reversal valve 13 has varied, for example, it is also possible to Rotary encoder is installed, rotary encoder sends information to controller in real time, and controller is always according to rotation on gear 2 or gear ring 5 The output information for turning encoder and the gear 2 for prestoring in advance（Or gear ring 5）, crank 3, the dimension information of oil cylinder 4 judge oil cylinder 4 Whether in the first retracted position or the second retracted position, if so, then control reversal valve 13 and commutate.When being embodied as, control Device can adopt PLC（Programmable Logic Controller, programmable logic controller (PLC)）Build, PLC receives each biography Sensor（Comprising wind transducer, each proximity switch or rotary encoder, etc.）Live signal, and by driving circuit for electromagnetic valve It is connected with the solenoid of reversal valve 13, when needing, by driving circuit for electromagnetic valve the electromagnetism of reversal valve 13 to be controlled Coil electricity condition and it is how much electric.

4th, the first balanced valve 8 and the second balanced valve 9 in hydraulic circuit can be replaced using hydraulic lock, hydraulic lock peace The structure and working principle of weighing apparatus valve may refer to the associated description of prior art, and here is not reinflated.

It should be noted that in above-described embodiment, in the outer ring 11 of yaw 1 gear ring 5, the installation of each gear 2 are arranged Position is fixed with inner ring 12, and the second end and the inner ring 12 of oil cylinder 4 are rotatably connected, but in other enforcements, are not limited to this, For example, in the embodiment two shown in Fig. 2, gear ring 5（Fig. 2 show ring gear）It is arranged on the inner ring 12 of yaw 1, tooth The installation site of wheel 2 is fixed with the outer ring 11 of yaw 1, and the second end of oil cylinder 4 rotatably connects with the outer ring 11 of yaw 1 Connect, the annexation of the other parts of embodiment two and accordingly extension can be found in the description of embodiment one, the driftage of embodiment two System can also realize the technique effect of embodiment one.

It should be noted that in above-mentioned various embodiments, yaw drive mechanism includes oil cylinder 4, crank 3 and gear 2 simultaneously, Gear 2 is connected with oil cylinder 4 by crank 3, the revolution driving radius of gear 2 can be increased, in order to preferably drive gear 2, but in other embodiments, this is not limited to, make the first end of oil cylinder 4 inclined with the side of gear 2 according to other modes Heart position is rotatably connected（Such as it is hinged）, this scheme also can realize the present invention corresponding function.

It should be noted that in above-mentioned various embodiments, be illustrated with four yaw drive mechanisms, but at it In his embodiment, be not limited to this, can also adopt other numbers yaw drive mechanism, such as one（It is not preferred）, two It is individual, three or more than four.

Other embodiments of the invention additionally provide a kind of wind power generating set, and the wind power generating set includes pylon and machine Cabin, also including the yaw system described in any of the above-described embodiment, pylon is solid with one of the inner ring of yaw and outer ring Fixed, cabin is fixed with the other of the inner ring of the yaw and outer ring.From the technique effect of aforementioned yaw system, The wind power generating set can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulties of whole machine, and more energy-conserving and environment-protective and can reach Corresponding driftage effect.The specific implementation process of wind power generating set other parts can be found in the associated description of prior art, hereby Do not repeat.

Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention Within god and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. a kind of yaw system, it is characterised in that the yaw system includes yaw (1) and yaw drive mechanism, described Yaw drive mechanism includes oil cylinder (4) and gear (2), wherein：

Gear ring (5) is provided with one of the inner ring (12) of the yaw (1) and outer ring (11), the gear (2) The other of the inner ring (12) of installation site and the yaw (1) and outer ring (11) are fixed, the gear (2) with it is described Gear ring (5) is meshed, and first end and the eccentric position of the gear (2) side of the oil cylinder (4) are rotatably connected, the oil The other of the inner ring (12) of the second end of cylinder (4) and the yaw (1) and outer ring (11) are rotatably connected；

The yaw drive mechanism also includes crank (3), and first end and the side of the gear (2) of the crank (3) are fixed, Second end of the crank (3) is rotatably connected with the first end of the oil cylinder (4).

2. yaw system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the yaw drive mechanism is multiple.

3. yaw system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that each gear (2) of the plurality of yaw drive mechanism Along being arranged circumferentially for the gear ring (5).

4. yaw system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that in arbitrary yaw drive mechanism, the oil cylinder (4) Plane residing for the pivot center of first end junction point and the gear (2) and the angle between the telescopic direction of oil cylinder (4) are Drive angle；The driving angle of at least one yaw drive mechanism is different from the driving angle of other yaw drive mechanisms.

5. the yaw system as described in any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterised in that the yaw system is also returned including hydraulic pressure Road, the hydraulic circuit includes fuel tank, oil pump (14) and reversal valve (13), and the inlet port of the oil pump (14) is connected to fuel tank, institute The oil-out for stating oil pump (14) is connected to the oil-in (P) of the reversal valve (13), and the oil return opening (T) of the reversal valve (13) is connected to Fuel tank, first actuator port (A) and the second actuator port (B) of the reversal valve (13) are connected to respectively the nothing of the oil cylinder (4) Rod cavity and rod chamber.

6. yaw system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that between the reversal valve (13) and the oil cylinder (4) Balanced valve or hydraulic lock are provided with oil circuit.

7. yaw system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the reversal valve (13) is proportioning valve, the driftage system System also includes controller, and the controller is used to control the reversal valve (13) in opening when needing driftage to wind, And control the reversal valve (13) and be closed when driftage is completed to wind.

8. yaw system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that be arranged at intervals with the cylinder barrel (41) of the oil cylinder (4) First proximity switch (6) and the second proximity switch (7), first proximity switch (6) and second proximity switch (7) are respectively Information, the control are sent when the oil cylinder (4) is in the first retracted position and during the second retracted position to the controller The information control reversal valve (13) that device is additionally operable to be sent according to first proximity switch and second proximity switch is changed To；

Or, rotary encoder is provided with the gear (2) or the gear ring (5), the controller is additionally operable to according to institute The output information for stating rotary encoder controls reversal valve (13) commutation.

9. a kind of wind power generating set, including pylon and cabin, it is characterised in that also including described in any one of claim 1 to 8 Yaw system, one of the inner ring (12) of the pylon and the yaw (1) and outer ring (11) be fixed, the cabin It is fixed with the other of the inner ring (12) of the yaw (1) and outer ring (11).