CN103730644A - Preparation method of silicon-silicon oxide-carbon composite negative pole material of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Preparation method of silicon-silicon oxide-carbon composite negative pole material of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a silicon-silicon oxide-carbon composite negative pole material of a lithium ion battery. Silicon oxide, silicon and graphite are mixed via ball milling, and then are blended with bitumen to form a mixture, and the mixture is subjected to high-temperature heat treatment so as to obtain the silicon-silicon oxide-carbon composite negative pole material of the lithium ion battery. According to the preparation method, the silicon is added to a silicon oxide-carbon material, can improve the reversible capacity and the initial Coulomb efficiency of the silicon oxide-carbon material, and enables a silicon oxide composite material to have excellent properties such as high capacity, better circulation performance and higher initial Coulomb efficiency. The preparation method has such advantages as low cost, simple equipment, simple and easily controlled technology condition and high yield, and is very suitable for mass industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium ion battery negative material preparation method, particularly a kind of lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials preparation method.
Background technology
Si oxide (SiO
x, 0 < x≤2) and due to the lithia (Li forming in first electrochemistry charge/discharge process
2o) and lithium metasilicate (Li
4siO
4) can cushion preferably the bulk effect of nano-silicon active material, thereby there is high specific capacity and excellent cycle performance, become the lithium electricity business circles negative material of hot research in recent years.Yet, Si oxide is still difficult to practical at present, because consume lithium in first electrochemistry charge/discharge process, generates irreversible lithia and lithium metasilicate, causes that irreversible capacity is large first, coulomb efficiency is less than 60% first, and first coulomb efficiency along with oxygen content increases and reduces.In order to solve silicon oxide material coulomb inefficient problem first, people have carried out a large amount of explorations, mainly by carbon, be coated the composite material of preparing Si oxide with the method such as metallic reducing.
A kind of Si-SiO of preparation was once disclosed in the patent of CN101752547B
2-C material preparation method.It is raw material that this method be take silicon monoxide (SiO), graphite and pitch, has prepared the nucleocapsid structure carbon coated Si oxide material of higher cycle performance and specific capacity.But coulomb efficiency first of this material only has 70% left and right, cannot reach business-like requirement.
A kind of lithium ion battery silicon oxide/carbon negative material and preparation method thereof is disclosed in the patent of CN103022446A.This 3-layer composite material be take graphite as kernel, and the porous silicon oxide of the active metal partial reductions such as lithium is intermediate layer, and organic RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON is outermost coating layer, has good cycle performance and specific capacity, and coulomb efficiency also can reach 88% first.But, this complex process, cost is high, and three-layer composite structure is restive, heavy industrialization difficulty.
In the patent of CN102593426A, SiO is disclosed
x/ C composite material and preparation method thereof.This method is synthesized the silicon dioxide microsphere that contains nano-silicon by sol-gel process, then mix with cold primer-oil coated after carbonization make composite material.This method can effectively extend silicon-carbon cathode material the rate of decay, improve silicon-carbon cathode material cycle performance, improve the cycle efficieny first of silicon-carbon cathode material.But this method complex process, cost is high, and sol-gel process preparation process is controlled difficulty, industrialization poor operability.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provides that a kind of capacity is high, good cycle and coulomb efficiency is higher first low cost, is applicable to lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials preparation method of large-scale production.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials, comprises the following steps:
1) under argon gas atmosphere protection, Si oxide, silicon and graphite mix through mechanical ball milling, obtain mixed once material, then mix with pitch and organic solvent, after dry processing, obtain secondary composite material;
2), by above-mentioned secondary composite material high-temperature heat treatment under inert gas shielding, lower the temperature and obtain lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials.
Described Si oxide is a kind of in silicon monoxide and silicon dioxide.
The weight ratio of described Si oxide, silicon and graphite is 1:0.01～10:0.5～50.
Described pitch is a kind of of petroleum asphalt, coal tar pitch and bitumen.
Described organic solvent is a kind of in acetone, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, oxolane, cyclohexane, benzinum, toluene and solvent naphtha, and the weight ratio of mixed once material and organic solvent is 1:1～200.
The weight ratio of described mixed once material and pitch is 1:0.1～10.
The inert protective gas of described high-temperature heat treatment is the gaseous mixture of argon gas, nitrogen, hydrogen and argon gas.
Described high-temperature heat treatment temperature is 500～1100 ℃; The high-temperature heat treatment time is 0.5～20h.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: device therefor is simple, easy operating, process conditions are simple and easy to control, is suitable for large-scale production; Lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials that the present invention obtains not only capacity is high, and have extended cycle life, simultaneously due to the interpolation of silicon, can effectively improve the reversible specific capacity of Si oxide-material with carbon element and coulomb efficiency first, meet the requirement of practical application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrogram of the embodiment of the present invention 1 prepared material.
Fig. 2 is surface sweeping Electronic Speculum (SEM) photo of the embodiment of the present invention 1 prepared material.
Fig. 3 is electrochemistry cyclic curve and coulomb efficiency curve of the embodiment of the present invention 1 prepared material.
Embodiment
The preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials of the present invention, comprises the steps:
The Si oxide that is 1:0.01～10:0.5～50 by weight ratio, silicon and graphite mix by mechanical ball milling, obtain mixed once material.Mix with the pitch of 0.1～10 times of weight and the organic solvent of 1～200 times of weight, dry processing, obtains secondary composite material again.By secondary composite material, in inert protective atmosphere, 500～1100 ℃ of high-temperature process 0.5～20h, lower the temperature and obtain lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials.
Described in said method in ball milling blend step, Si oxide is a kind of in silicon monoxide or silicon dioxide; In described secondary blend step, pitch is a kind of of petroleum asphalt, coal tar pitch or bitumen, and organic solvent is acetone, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, oxolane, cyclohexane, benzinum, toluene, solvent naphtha; In described high temperature processing step, inert protective gas is argon gas, nitrogen or hydrogen-argon-mixed.
The mechanical ball milling that is mixed into of Si oxide of the present invention, silicon and graphite mixes, and object is to make three kinds of raw materials reach nanoscale particle diameter and evenly mix, and improves the conductivity and the bulk effect of alleviating silicon active material of material.Described pitch mixes with the liquid phase of mixed once material, object be realize pitch can be on molecular level clad nano yardstick mixture.Described high-temperature process, object is pitch pyrolysis carbonization in pyroprocess of introducing in compound, effective carbon is carried out in nanoscale mixture surface and be coated, and then improve the chemical property of material.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but is not limited to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Under argon gas atmosphere protection, the silicon monoxide that is 1:0.05:1 by weight ratio, silicon and graphite machinery ball milling mix, and obtain mixed once material.Mix with the petroleum asphalt of 2 times of weight and the oxolane of 10 times of weight, be uniformly mixed, dry processing obtains secondary composite material.By secondary composite material in hydrogen 5%(volume ratio) hydrogen and argon gas mixed atmosphere in, process 4h for 800 ℃, lower the temperature and obtain lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials.
Fig. 1 is X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrogram of the silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials of above-mentioned preparation.As can be seen from this figure, diffraction maximum more sharp-pointed in figure is the diffraction maximum of graphite and elemental silicon, and broad peak between 20～30 ° belongs to Si oxide.Fig. 2 is ESEM (SEM) photo of prepared silicon carbon material, can find out that sample is random micron particles.
Lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-the carbon compound cathode materials of above-mentioned preparation of take is active electrode material, tests its cycle performance in 2032 type button cells.Electrode material consists of: active material: conductive agent: the weight ratio of PVdF is 8:1:1; To electrode, it is lithium metal; Electrolyte is 1mol/L LiPF
6eC/DMC (volume ratio is 1:1) solution; Barrier film is Cellgard2400 micro-pore septum.Fig. 3 is lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials electrode of above-mentioned preparation electrochemistry cyclic curve and coulomb efficiency curve when current density is 100mA/g.Testing result is as can be seen from this figure: discharge capacity is 1012.2mAh/g first, and initial charge capacity is 822.7mAh/g, and coulomb efficiency is 81.2% first, circulates after 50 weeks, and capability retention is 86.1%.This result shows, lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials has higher capacity, cyclical stability and higher coulomb efficiency first preferably.
Embodiment 2
Under argon gas atmosphere protection, the silicon monoxide that is 1:0.5:10 by weight ratio, silicon and graphite machinery ball milling mix, and make mixed once material.Mix with the coal tar pitch of 3 times of weight and the cyclohexane of 60 times of weight again, ultrasonic dispersion, dry processing obtains secondary composite material.Secondary composite material, in argon gas atmosphere, is processed to 2h for 900 ℃, lower the temperature and obtain lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials.
According to the battery condition of embodiment 1, test the cycle performance of made silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials in 2032 type button cells.Testing result is: this electrode first discharge capacity is 605.7mAh/g, and coulomb efficiency is 78.5% first, circulates after 50 weeks, and capability retention is 96.3%.
Embodiment 3
Under argon gas atmosphere protection, the silicon monoxide that is 1:1:3 by weight ratio, silicon and graphite machinery ball milling mix, and make mixed once material.Mix with the petroleum asphalt of 0.5 times of weight and the ethanol wet ball grinding of 5 times of weight, dry processing obtains secondary composite material again.Secondary composite material, in argon gas atmosphere, is processed to 1h for 900 ℃, lower the temperature and obtain lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials.
According to the battery condition of embodiment 1, test the cycle performance of made silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials in 2032 type button cells.Testing result is: this electrode first discharge capacity is 1297mAh/g, and coulomb efficiency is 84.3% first, circulates after 50 weeks, and capability retention is 71.6%.
Embodiment 4
Under argon gas atmosphere protection, the silicon monoxide that is 1:5:30 by weight ratio, silicon and graphite machinery ball milling mix, and make mixed once material.Mix with the bitumen of 1 times of weight and the acetone wet ball grinding of 10 times of weight, dry processing obtains secondary composite material again.Secondary composite material, in nitrogen atmosphere, is processed to 15h for 600 ℃, lower the temperature and obtain lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials.
According to the battery condition of embodiment 1, test the cycle performance of made silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials in 2032 type button cells.Testing result is: this electrode first discharge capacity is 833.8mAh/g, and coulomb efficiency is 83.1% first, circulates after 50 weeks, and capability retention is 73.4%.
Embodiment 5
Under argon gas atmosphere protection, the silicon dioxide that is 1:7:10 by weight ratio, silicon and graphite machinery ball milling mix, and make after mixed once material.With the petroleum asphalt of 8 times of weight and the oxolane of 120 times of weight, be uniformly mixed, dry processing obtains secondary composite material again.Secondary composite material, in the hydrogen of hydrogen 10% and the hybrid protection atmosphere of argon gas, is processed after 10h for 1000 ℃, lowered the temperature and obtain lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials.
According to the battery condition of embodiment 1, test the cycle performance of made silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials in 2032 type button cells.Testing result is: this electrode first discharge capacity is 1023.4mAh/g, and coulomb efficiency is 80.3% first, circulates after 50 weeks, and capability retention is 80.5%.
Comparative example
Under argon gas atmosphere protection, the silicon monoxide that is 1:1 by weight ratio and graphite machinery ball milling mix, and obtain mixed once material.Mix with the petroleum asphalt of 2 times of weight and the oxolane of 10 times of weight, be uniformly mixed, dry processing obtains secondary composite material.Secondary composite material, in the hydrogen of hydrogen 5% and the hybrid protection atmosphere of argon gas, is processed to 4h for 800 ℃, lower the temperature and obtain lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials.
According to the battery condition of embodiment 1, test the cycle performance of made Si oxide-carbon negative pole material in 2032 type button cells.Testing result is: this electrode first discharge capacity is 966.3mAh/g, and coulomb efficiency is 74.3% first, circulates after 50 weeks, and capability retention is 85.0%.
In sum, content of the present invention is not limited in the above-described embodiment, and the knowledgeable people in same area can propose easily other embodiment within technological guidance's thought of the present invention, but this embodiment comprises within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a preparation method for lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) under argon gas atmosphere protection, Si oxide, silicon and graphite mix through mechanical ball milling, obtain mixed once material, then mix with pitch and organic solvent, after dry processing, obtain secondary composite material;
2), by above-mentioned secondary composite material high-temperature heat treatment under inert gas shielding, lower the temperature and obtain lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials.
2. the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Si oxide is a kind of in silicon monoxide and silicon dioxide.
3. according to the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described Si oxide, silicon and graphite is 1:0.01～10:0.5～50.
4. the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pitch is a kind of of petroleum asphalt, coal tar pitch and bitumen.
5. the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described organic solvent is a kind of in acetone, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, oxolane, cyclohexane, benzinum, toluene and solvent naphtha, and the weight ratio of mixed once material and organic solvent is 1:1～200.
6. according to the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described mixed once material and pitch is 1:0.1～10.
7. the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the inert protective gas of described high-temperature heat treatment is the gaseous mixture of argon gas, nitrogen, hydrogen and argon gas.
8. according to the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-Si oxide-carbon compound cathode materials described in claim 1 or 7, it is characterized in that, described high-temperature heat treatment temperature is 500～1100 ℃; The high-temperature heat treatment time is 0.5～20h.
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