CN103726815B - A kind of CO 2drive produced well pit shaft fluidised form is determined and parameter optimization method - Google Patents
A kind of CO 2drive produced well pit shaft fluidised form is determined and parameter optimization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of CO
2drive produced well pit shaft fluidised form is determined and parameter optimization method, belongs to oil reservoir exploitation field.Said method comprising the steps of: (1) CO
2drive produced well Production development is simulated, and obtains CO
2the Production development of drive produced well, draws and injects wellbore pressure, temperature, density and the viscosity regularity of distribution along pit shaft; (2) CO will obtained in step (1)
2the pressure and temperature of drive produced well is plotted in CO along the regularity of distribution of pit shaft
2on phasor, draw CO
2the pressure-plotting of extraction well shaft and temperature profile, can directly find so in the drawings along pit shaft diverse location place CO
2phase; (3) preferred manufacturing parameter: under the prerequisite keeping casing programme data constant, change creation data, then repeat step (1) and (2), and according to field demand, preferred best production technology and working system.Utilization present invention achieves CO
2drive the Simulation and analysis of producing well Production development.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil reservoir exploitation field, be specifically related to a kind of CO
2drive produced well pit shaft fluidised form is determined and parameter optimization method, for improving recovery ratio.
Background technology
Along with the industrialized fast development of human society, greenhouse gas emission is increasing to climatic influences, CO
2reduction of discharging be more and more subject to the extensive concern of international community, note CO
2drive and be considered to improve one of most effective method of oil recovery factor, meet the demand of geological storage simultaneously, realize the doulbe-sides' victory of Social benefit and economic benefit, be widely used abroad.Domesticly carry out CO
2drive pilot test, be still in the exploratory stage at present.At note CO
2drive in recovery process, due to CO
2there is very high solubility in reservoir fluid, cause crude oil volume expansion, significantly reduce viscosity of crude and interfacial tension, form more favourable crude oil flow, very favourable with raising recovery ratio to oil extraction.But with the CO that shows loving care for
2drive deepening continuously in recovery process, CO
2likely break through in oil reservoir and arrive extraction well shaft bottom, CO afterwards
2together can be plucked out of along with profit.How to judge CO rapidly and accurately
2along temperature in wellbore, pressure and Phase velocity map feature in drive produced well pit shaft, be CO
2drive Production Wells system formulation, parameter optimization and corrosive pipeline and process for protecting design in problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the difficult problem existed in above-mentioned prior art, a kind of CO is provided
2drive produced well pit shaft fluidised form is determined and parameter optimization method, realizes CO
2the Simulation and analysis of drive produced well Production development, quantitative analysis, simulation note CO
2the Production development of drive produced well, draws the regularity of distribution of the parameters such as extraction wellbore pressure, density, viscosity along pit shaft, and according to CO
2the Production development analog result of drive produced well, at CO
2on phasor, draw CO
2the pressure of extraction pit shaft, temperature profile, can directly find in the drawings along pit shaft diverse location place CO
2phase, for the working system that different technique is preferably best, rational oil production technology measure and corrosion protection steps can be taked by guide field, obtain higher economic benefit.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of CO
2drive produced well pit shaft fluidised form is determined and parameter optimization method, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) CO
2drive produced well Production development is simulated, and obtains CO
2the Production development of drive produced well, draws and injects wellbore pressure, temperature, density and the viscosity regularity of distribution along pit shaft;
(2) CO will obtained in step (1)
2the pressure and temperature of drive produced well is plotted in CO along the regularity of distribution of pit shaft
2on phasor, draw CO
2the pressure-plotting of extraction well shaft and temperature profile, can directly find so in the drawings along pit shaft diverse location place CO
2phase;
(3) preferred manufacturing parameter: under the prerequisite keeping casing programme data constant, change creation data, then repeat step (1) and (2), and according to field demand, preferred best production technology and working system.
Described step (1) is realized by the analog computation of pit shaft dynamic parameter, as shown in Figure 6, specifically comprises the following steps:
(A) data input step: input creation data and casing programme data; Described creation data comprises extraction well yield, moisture content, gas liquid ratio, temperature, pressure, stroke and jig frequency; Described casing programme data comprise that casing diameter, depth of setting, tubing diameter and depth of setting, pump are dark, pump footpath and sucker rod combination;
(B) extraction well data processing step;
Described step (B) comprises the following steps:
(B1) fluidised form judges: the flow pattern judging extraction well shaft inner fluid;
(B2) data computing: successively the height of the frictional resistant coefficient of oil volume factor, viscosity of crude, gas liquid two-phase flow, pressure drop, temperature and correspondence is calculated according to different described flow patterns and described creation data;
(B3) oil well height iteration: carry out height iteration from the well head of oil well to destination layer, namely from the well head of oil well, step (B1) and (B2) is repeated to each height, until reach the height of destination layer, finally obtain injection wellbore pressure, temperature, density and viscosity under the given working condition regularity of distribution along pit shaft.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) achieve CO
2drive the Simulation and analysis of producing well Production development;
(2) quantitative analysis, simulation CO is achieved
2drive the Production development of producing well, draw the regularity of distribution of the parameters such as extraction temperature in wellbore, pressure and density along pit shaft;
(3) according to CO
2drive the Production development analog result of producing well, at CO
2on phasor, under drawing given manufacturing parameter, the pressure of extraction well shaft, temperature profile, directly can find the CO along pit shaft diverse location place in the drawings
2phase;
(4) the present invention is utilized can to obtain optimized producing parameter, best CO
2extraction well casing rod structure;
(5) rational extraction technique can be taked by guide field, obtain higher economic benefit;
(6) utilize result of calculation of the present invention, can be corrosive pipeline and process for protecting design provides theoretical foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is CO of the present invention
2drive produced well pit shaft fluidised form is determined and the step block diagram of parameter optimization method.
Fig. 2 is the temperature in pit shaft.
Fig. 3 gives producing well pressure, flow pattern along the pit shaft regularity of distribution.
Fig. 4 is pressure, temperature and CO in extraction well shaft
2gas phase in the wellbore.
Fig. 5 is hole deviation curve.
Fig. 6 is extraction well Production development analog computation block diagram.
Fig. 7 is pressure distribution curve.
Fig. 8 is temperature distribution history.
Fig. 9 is density profile.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, the calculating used is specific as follows for step of the present invention:
One, the present invention establishes compressible multicomponent fluid pit shaft oil-gas-water three-phase flow pressure-drop model, gives the computational methods of flow pattern discrimination criterion and corresponding resistance coefficient, solves CO
2drive produced well wellbore pressure computational problem, specific as follows:
Described compressible multicomponent fluid pit shaft oil-gas-water three-phase flow pressure-drop model is as follows:
Pressure-drop model adopts single model to calculate in the past, and its drawback is the difference because of fluidised form, and computational accuracy is not high.The present invention adopts the computation model of comprehensive pressure drop, and namely for the feature of different flow pattern, adopt the pressure-drop model corresponded respectively, its advantage is closer to reality, and improves computational accuracy.
Pressure drop in described step (B2) be adopt homogeneous flow calculation of pressure model respectively for different fluidised forms, phase-splitting flowing pressure computation model calculates;
Homogeneous flow calculation of pressure model is:
Phase-splitting flowing pressure calculates flow model:
In formula:
The pressure (definitely) of p-mixture, Pa; The distance of z-axial flow, m; ρ
l-density of liquid phase, kg/m
3; ρ
g-density of gas phase, kg/m
3; H
l-liquid holdup, m
3/ m
3; G-acceleration of gravity, m/s
2; The angle of θ-pipeline and horizontal direction, °; The frictional resistant coefficient of λ-two-phase flow, zero dimension; The mass flow of G-mixture, kg/s; The flow velocity of v-mixture, m/s; v
sgthe specific speed of-gas phase, m/s; D-pipe diameter, m; A-pipeline section amasss, m
2.
The criterion of the flow pattern in described step (B1) is as follows:
In the flow pattern research of multiphase pipe flow, J.Orkiszewski (Ao Qisizesiji) method is applied comparatively extensive, and the boundary of the flow pattern in the method employing table 1 divides various fluidised form, and the computational methods of each parameter are as described below.
Table 1
In table 1, N
vgthe accurate number of-gas phase velocity, the volume flow of Q-mixture, m
3/ s; Q
gthe volume flow of-gas phase, m
3/ s; (L)
b-bubble flow boundary number, (L)
s-slug flow boundary number, (L)
m-mist flow boundary number.
Void content
Beggs-Brill has shown that the void content of tipping tube stream is after deliberation:
φ(θ)=φ(0)ψ=φ(0)[1+1.2418sin(0.4θ)-2.3412sin
3(0.4θ)]
The related law of frictional resistant coefficient
The frictional resistant coefficient of the gas liquid two-phase flow in described step (B2) adopts following formula to calculate:
λ=λ′·e
s
In formula
The frictional resistant coefficient of λ '-" without slippage ", zero dimension; S-index.
λ ' in above formula can be calculated by following formula
Wherein
In formula
R
e'-", is without slippage " Reynolds number; μ
l, μ
gthe viscosity of-liquid phase, gas phase, Pas.And
Wherein
It may be noted that as 1 < Y < 1.2, following formula should be used to ask s
s=ln(2.2Y-1.2)
The computational methods of physical parameter
A, dissolves oil-gas ratio
Dissolve oil-gas ratio also known as solution gas coefficient.The research of Vazquez and Beggs shows: the relative density of natural gas is the important parameter that oil-gas ratio is dissolved in impact.Due in 100 pounds per inch
2(689.5kPa), under gauge pressure, the shrinkage factor of crude oil is minimum, and close to the actual conditions of oil well separator pressure, therefore can using the natural gas relative density under this pressure as benchmark.
Wherein
In formula
S
s-dissolve oil-gas ratio, m
3/ m
3; P-pressure (definitely), kPa; T-temperature, DEG C; δ
ounder-the status of criterion, the relative density of crude oil; δ
gp 'the relative density of-pressure p ' (definitely) and the lower natural gas of temperature t '; δ
gsthe relative density of natural gas under-689.5kPa gauge pressure.
Dissolve the coefficient C in oil-gas ratio design formulas
1, C
2and C
3value as shown in table 2.
Coefficient | δ o≥0.8762 | δ o<0.8762 |
C 1 | 0.0362 | 0.0178 |
C 2 | 1.0937 | 1.1870 |
C 3 | 25.7240 | 23.9310 |
Table 2
In actual applications, the present invention adopts following methods correction
C
i k=K
i·C
i(i=1,2,3)(4)
In formula
K
i-correction factor; C
i k-revised coefficient value.
Statistics shows: coefficient C
1to S
simpact more remarkable.Usually, only C is revised
1just the simulation curve comparatively conformed to PVT can be obtained.
B, oil volume factor
(1) Standing formula
B
o=0.972+0.000147F
1.175
Wherein
In formula
B
o-oil volume factor, m
3/ m
3; δ
ngunder-the status of criterion, the relative density of natural gas.
(2) Vazquez-Beggs formula
As p≤p
btime
As p > p
btime
B
o=B
obexp[-C
0(p-p
b)]
Wherein
In formula
B
ob-saturation pressure p
bunder oil volume factor, m
3/ m
3; Coefficient C in oil volume factor design formulas
1, C
2and C
3as shown in table 3.
Coefficient | δ o≥0.8762 | δ o<0.8762 |
C 1 | 4.677×10 -4 | 4.670×10 -4 |
C 2 | 1.751×10 -5 | 1.100×10 -5 |
C 3 | -1.811×10 -8 | 1.337×10 -9 |
Table 3
Statistics shows: as pressure p≤p
btime, with the simulation curve that Vazquez-Beggs formula obtains, there is similar Changing Pattern according to Standing formula, but a certain constant of approximate difference; As pressure p > p
btime, because Vazquez-Beggs formula considers saturation pressure p
bimpact, at p
bthere is turnover in place's curve, and Standing curve does not exist turning point.Meanwhile, also oil volume factor B is found
owith saturation pressure p
bthere is correlation.
Comprehensive Standing formula and Vazquez-Beggs formula, consider saturation pressure p
bimpact, and after correction factor is provided, the oil volume factor B that the present invention obtains
oanalog computation formula can be expressed as
In formula
B
o sthe oil volume factor that-Standing formulae discovery goes out, m
3/ m
3; B
o vthe oil volume factor that-Vazquez-Beggs formulae discovery goes out, m
3/ m
3.
Oil volume factor B in described step (B2)
o(5) formula is above adopted to obtain.
Needs are noted that, although the present invention has done a large amount of research work to the simulation of dissolving oil-gas ratio and oil volume factor, but in actual applications, in order to can better simulate effect be obtained, present invention also adds the correction to simulation curve shape and translation, namely theoretical curves and measured data contrast, and apply formulae discovery B above after obtaining correction factor
o.
C, the viscosity of crude in described step (B2) is adopted and is calculated in the following method:
(1) Chew-Connaly formula
μ
o=Aμ
on B(6)
Wherein
In formula
μ
o-saturated former oil viscosity, mPas; μ
onthe viscosity of-stock tank oil, mPas.
(2) Beggs-Robinson formula
μ
o=Aμ
on B
Wherein
In the multiphase pipe flow of petroleum production engineering calculates, former oil viscosity is a very important parameter.With dissolving oil-gas ratio and oil volume factor similar, also need when practical application to revise.But former oil viscosity is with pressure, the changing greatly of temperature, and its change with pressure is often only tested at scene.In other words, by the correction to PVT viscograph, the impact of temperature often cannot be reflected.
Research shows, former oil viscosity is general only directly by the impact of dissolving oil-gas ratio, and the impact of the factor such as pressure, temperature lies in the calculating of dissolving oil-gas ratio.Like this, by the former oil viscosity of matching and the related law dissolving oil-gas ratio, just good viscograph can be obtained.
Two, the present invention establishes CO
2the drive produced well pit shaft equation of heat conduction, and give the computational methods of wellbore fluids thermodynamic properties and the constraint equation of condition discrimination.
A, energy equation:
Constraint equation: h=h (p, T); Medium is carbon dioxide liquid or overheated carbon dioxide.
B, heat transfer equation
According to assumed condition, wellbore heat is stable, so
dQ=2πr
2u
2(T
s-T
h)dz(7)
In formula
R
2-oil pipe outer radius, m; u
2the overall coefficient of heat transfer of-oil pipe external surface, W/ (m
2k); T
s-vapor (steam) temperature, K; T
hthe temperature at-cement sheath and interface place, stratum, K.
Meanwhile, this heat equals outer by cement sheath and stratum interface is not extremely influenced by heat the unsteady heat conduction amount on stratum.The latter is
Wherein
In formula
λ
e-formation thermal conductivity, W/ (mK); T
e-the formation temperature that is not influenced by heat, K
ot
e=T
m+ α z; T
m-surface temperature, K; α-geothermal gradient, K/m; Z-degree of depth, m; The function of time of the instantaneous heat conduction in f (t)-stratum; β-stratum thermal diffusion coefficient, m
2/ h; T-steam injection time, h; r
h-cement sheath and stratum joint radius, m.
The temperature T of cement sheath and stratum interface can be obtained by (7) and (8) formula
h
Three, The present invention gives CO
2the computational methods of the drive produced well pit shaft coefficient of heat conduction
The design formulas of pit shaft overall coefficient of heat transfer is
As the heat-barrier material in insulated tubing, its coefficient of thermal conductivity λ
inschange with temperature, and coefficient of convective heat transfer h in annular space
rc, analso relevant with wall temperature with the corresponding time, and wall temperature is decided by heat output Q, so pit shaft overall coefficient of heat transfer u
2to determine through iteration.
Four, The present invention gives the fluid computational methods that temperature raises after oil well pump compression
A, temperature rise in pump
The power output (effective power) of pump
In formula
ρ-density, kg/m
3; Q-volume flow, m
3/ s; H-pump lift, m; G-mass flow, kg/s.
B, the input power (shaft power) of pump
In formula
η
pumpthe efficiency of-pump.
C, the input power (power that pump and motor full device need) of motor
In formula
η
electricitythe efficiency of-motor; N
electricitythe power output of-motor.It equals the input power N of pump
axle.
For submersible electric pump, only has the power output N of pump
pumpavailable power, so power loss is
If think that power loss has all consumed with the form of heat energy, then
N
damage t=859.845N
damage
In formula
N
damage-power loss, kW; N
damage tthe power loss of-form of thermal energy, kcal/h.When liquid is plucked out of, these heats will be pulled away, so the heat that every kg liquid adds is
So temperature rise value is:
In formula
The specific heat of c-oil, gas-liquid mixture, kcal/ (kg DEG C).
By N
damagedesign formulas substitute into above formula,
If only consider pump efficiency, then above formula becomes
Because the mass flow of each phase remains unchanged, so the specific heat c of oil, gas-liquid mixture can calculate with following formula
In formula
G
othe mass flow of-oil phase, kg/s; G
gthe mass flow of-gas phase, kg/s; G
wthe mass flow of-aqueous phase, kg/s; The mass flow of G-mixture, kg/s; c
othe specific heat of-crude oil, kcal/ (kg DEG C); c
gthe specific heat of-natural gas, kcal/ (kg DEG C); c
w-specific heat of water, kcal/ (kg DEG C).
Usually, crude oil and specific heat of water are respectively c
o=1.88kJ/ (kg DEG C)=0.45kcal/ (kg DEG C) and c
w=4.18kJ/ (kg DEG C)=1.0kcal/ (kg DEG C).The specific heat of natural gas is relevant with its component, and the main component of natural gas is methane, and the specific heat of methane is c
g=2.227kJ/ (kg DEG C)=0.53kcal/ (kg DEG C).
D, the temperature gradient in pit shaft
From Pump Suction Nozzle to pump discharge, except temperature gradient, also should consider the temperature rise in pump.As shown in Figure 2.So, have
In formula
H
o-pump discharge vertical depth, m; H
i-Pump Suction Nozzle vertical depth, m; H
mvertical depth in the middle part of-oil reservoir, m; t
h-wellhead temperature, m; t
o-pump discharge temperature, DEG C; t
i-Pump Suction Nozzle temperature, DEG C; t
m-reservoir temperature, DEG C; Temperature rise in Δ t-pump, DEG C; K
1temperature gradient on-pump, DEG C/m; K
2-Pump Suction Nozzle to the temperature gradient of pump discharge well section, DEG C/m; K
3temperature gradient under-pump, DEG C/m.
If suppose K
1=K
2=K
3=K, then
Five, The present invention gives CO
2drive produced well pit shaft dynamic parameter simulation method.
CO
2the particularity of drive produced well cylinder flowing:
(1) CO
2gas is not broken through, containing solution gas
(2) CO
2gas has breakthrough, and containing solution gas
(3) CO
2gas has breakthrough, not containing solution gas
The present invention is at CO
2phasor depicts CO
2drive produced well Production development analog result, depicts the pressure of example pit shaft, temperature profile, can directly find in the drawings along pit shaft diverse location place CO
2phase, wherein, Fig. 3 gives producing well pressure, flow pattern along the pit shaft regularity of distribution, and Fig. 4 gives pressure, temperature and CO in extraction well shaft
2gas phase in the wellbore.
The present invention has begun to take shape the analysis of extraction well performance and Predicting Technique, and its result can carry out the optimal design of tubular column structure, manufacturing parameter and lower-continuous mapping by guide field.
Parameters in pit shaft all can regard the parameter of well depth as, and the effect of the different submersible electric pump of pump setting depth will be different.Therefore, how to determine that rational lower-continuous mapping is key technology wherein.
PIP and gas liquid ratio are the key factors of preferred pump setting depth.Wherein, gas liquid ratio refers to that the volume of free gas accounts for the percentage of oil, gas, water three-phase cumulative volume.According to its definition, can obtain
Wherein
In formula
P
i-PIP, MPa; R
i-Pump Suction Nozzle gas liquid ratio, %; f
w-moisture content, decimal; T-temperature, DEG C; Z-gas compressive coefficient, generally between 0.81 ~ 0.91; S
p-producing gas-oil ratio, m
3/ m
3; S
s-dissolve oil-gas ratio, m
3/ m
3; B
o-oil volume factor, m
3/ m
3; B
g-gas volume factor, m
3/ m
3; B
wthe volume factor of-water, m
3/ m
3.Generally, B
w=1.
At Pump Suction Nozzle place, if provide pressure p
i, oil volume factor B can be obtained
o, gas volume factor B
g, dissolve oil-gas ratio S
s, the parameter such as temperature t, and then gas liquid ratio R can be calculated by formula (85)
i.In like manner, by gas liquid ratio R
ialso pressure p can be calculated
i.And pressure p
i, temperature t and gas liquid ratio R
iall again the function of pump setting depth etc. parameter, therefore according to required PIP p
ior gas liquid ratio R
ijust rational pump setting depth can be determined.
Based on the inventive method, carry out the application that 1 well is secondary, simplified working system, optimize manufacturing parameter.Result shows, utilize the party as compared with the past method compare, benefit significantly improves.The present invention is applicable to note CO
2drive the oil field of recovering the oil and noting flue gas and recovering the oil.
One embodiment of the present of invention are as follows:
Well information in embodiment is as follows
1. " field basic data are as shown in table 4
Table 4
2. test data data are as shown in table 5:
Table 5
3. hole trajectory data is as shown in table 6:
Table 6
As shown in Figure 5, as shown in Figure 7, as shown in Figure 8, the density profile obtained as shown in Figure 9 for the temperature distribution history obtained for the pressure distribution curve obtained for the hole deviation curve utilizing the inventive method to obtain.
Along with oil field development process deepen continuously and the economy of fast development to the demand of crude oil, the exploitation share of viscous crude is increasing, need take CO both at home and abroad
2the well driving and note flue gas heavy crude producing can get more and more, and therefore this invention at home and abroad all has broad application prospects.
Technique scheme is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, on the basis that the invention discloses application process and principle, be easy to make various types of improvement or distortion, and the method be not limited only to described by the above-mentioned detailed description of the invention of the present invention, therefore previously described mode is just preferred, and does not have restrictive meaning.
Claims (1)
1. a CO
2drive produced well pit shaft fluidised form is determined and parameter optimization method, it is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:
(1) CO
2drive produced well Production development is simulated, and obtains CO
2the Production development of drive produced well, draws and injects wellbore pressure, temperature, density and the viscosity regularity of distribution along pit shaft;
(2) CO will obtained in step (1)
2the pressure and temperature of drive produced well is plotted in CO along the regularity of distribution of pit shaft
2on phasor, draw CO
2the pressure-plotting of extraction well shaft and temperature profile;
(3) preferred manufacturing parameter: under the prerequisite keeping casing programme data constant, change creation data, then repeat step (1) and (2), and according to field demand, preferred best production technology and working system;
Described step (1) is realized by the analog computation of pit shaft dynamic parameter, specifically comprises the following steps:
(A) data input step: input creation data and casing programme data; Described creation data comprises extraction well yield, moisture content, gas liquid ratio, temperature, pressure, stroke and jig frequency; Described casing programme data comprise that casing diameter, depth of setting, tubing diameter and depth of setting, pump are dark, pump footpath and sucker rod combination;
(B) extraction well data processing step;
Described step (B) comprises the following steps:
(B1) fluidised form judges: the flow pattern judging extraction well shaft inner fluid;
(B2) data computing: successively the height of the frictional resistant coefficient of oil volume factor, viscosity of crude, gas liquid two-phase flow, pressure drop, temperature and correspondence is calculated according to different described flow patterns and described creation data;
(B3) oil well height iteration: carry out height iteration from the well head of oil well to destination layer, namely from the well head of oil well, step (B1) and (B2) is repeated to each height, until reach the height of destination layer, finally obtain injection wellbore pressure, temperature, density and viscosity under the given working condition regularity of distribution along pit shaft.
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